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HISTORY

SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI

A-

SIR JOSHUA REYNOLDS. PR. A.

HISTORY

OF THE

SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI

COMPILED BY

LIONEL CUST, M.A.

Director of the National Portrait Gallery

AND EDITED BY

SIR SIDNEY COLVIN, M.A.

Formerly Keeper of the Prints and Drawings in the British Museum
sometime Secretary of the Society

Reissued with Supplementary Chapter, Additional
List qftJMembets, <iyc.

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY

LONDON
MACMILLAN AND CO., Limited

NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

1^14

OXFORD: HORACE HART
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY

/9I +

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

Antiquity of the Society — State of England at its foundation
— Date of foundation — Date of first records — Character
of original members — Young Englishmen on the Grand
Tour — Choice of name — Earliest meetings — Members
in 1736' — Dashwood — Middlesex — Harcourt — The
brothers Gray — W. Ponsonby — R. Grenville — Howe,
Archer, Denny, Strode, Sewallis Shirley — Boone, Liddell,
Fauquier,Harris,Dingley,Smithson — Hanbury Williams,
Mitchell, Villiers — Smyth, Hay, Spence, &c. — Sandwich
— Bedford, Brand, Holdernesse — Other members before
175:0 1-21

CHAPTER II

Practices and regulations of the Society — Places, dates, and
hours of meeting — The President : his toga and curule
chair — The Secretary and Treasurer — The High Steward
— The Arch-Master and his insignia — The Regalia :
Bacchus's Tomb, the Ballot-Box, Seal, and Inkstand —
Dining practices : forfeits and fines — Convivial excesses
— Toasts — Election practices : qualification, admission,
abdication — Committees and quorums . . . 11-4.1

CHAPTER III

Miscellaneous activities ot the Society : the Westminster
Bridge Lottery — Foundation of General Fund : building
schemes — The Cavendish Square site — Its abandonment
and the financial result — Promotion of the Italian opera
— Middlesex and Vanneschi — Schemes for an Academy
of Arts — Mr. Dingley's plan — Communications with
Hayman's Committee of Painters — The Society's plan —

a 3

M621565

# Contents

PAGES

Collapse of negotiations — Foundation of the Royal
Academy: its relations with the Dilettanti — Proposal
to form a gallery of casts from the antique — Revival of
the building scheme — Suggested sites : the Green Park
— The Star and Garter — Camelford House — Final
abandonment of building scheme — Increasing riches of
the Society — Face-money : Rule Ann. Soc. Undec. —
Other sources of income — Incidental records . . 4.1-67

CHAPTER IV

The Dilettanti and Classical Archaeology — Earlier history
of the study — The Earl of Arundel— The Arundel
Marbles — Other collectors — Explorations in situ : Nointel
and Carrey — Spon and Wheler; Chishull — British
artists in Rome ; Brettingham and Gavin Hamilton —
Stuart and Revett — Sir James Gray and the Dilettanti —
Election of Stuart and Revett — Their expedition to
Athens — Dawkins and Wood — Le Roy and Dalton —
The Dilettanti and The Antiquities of Athens — Success
of the volume — The Society sends an expedition to
Asia Minor — Chandler, Revett, and Pars — Instruc-
tions to the expedition — Work in the Troad and Ionia
— Approval of the Society — Work in Attica and the
Morea— Return and reception of the explorers — The
Ionian Antiquities : choice of materials — Preparation
and publication of the volume — Presentation copies —
Chandler's Inscriptions and Travels — Proposed con-
tinuation of Ionian Antiquities — The drawings of Revett
and Pars : various claimants for their use — Diffi-
culties between Stuart and Revett — Appointment of
a committee — Death of Stuart : posthumous publication
of The Antiquities of Athens^ vols, ii, iii, and iv —
Publication of Ionian Antiquities^ vol. ii — Custody of
the Society's marbles — Marbles and drawings presented
to the British Museum 6%-io6

CHAPTER V

Contents ™

— Richard Payne Knight — Sir Henry Englefield —
Hamilton and the ritual of Isernia — D'Hancarville —
The Priapeia — Reception of the volume — Retrospect :
work of the Dilettanti in Italy — Work in Greece and
Asia Minor — Further enterprises : new Publication
Committee — Specimens of Antient Sculpture — Mode of

{mblication — Proposed second volume — Opportunities
ost meanwhile— Sir William Hamilton's notes and
drawings — Letter from Lord Elgin — The Parthenon
Marbles since Carrey — Thomas Harrison — Action taken
by Lord Elgin — Lord Elgin and the Dilettanti — Influence
of Payne Knight in discrediting the Marbles — Champions
on the other side : West, Fuseli, Haydon — Progress of
the controversy — Crown Prince of Bavaria, Visconti,
Canova — The Select Committee — Final result . 107-136

CHAPTER VI

Internal changes — The Ballot — Abolition of Forfeitures —
Removals : Parslow's : the Thatched House — Researches
in Greece and the Levant — Zeal of new members — Colt
Hoare, Long, Ainslie, Hawkins — Morritt of Rokeby —
Hope of Deepdene — Lord Morpeth, Lord Northwick,
Earl of Aberdeen — Wilkins, Leake, Gell — New Ionian
Committee — Its report on Gell's proposed expedition —
Instructions to the expedition — Researches at Eleusis —
Work at Samos, Miletus, Magnesia, &c. — Work at
Rhamnus, Thoricus, and Sunium — The Aegina Marbles
— Risks from pirates and privateers — Return of mission
— John Peter Gandy — Resolutions as to publication —
Congratulations to members of mission — Details of
scheme — Sir Henry Englefield's appeal — Its results —
The Unedited Antiquities of Attica — New edition of
Ionian Antiquities — Further activities : second volume
of the Specimens — Difficulties and delays — Mode of
meeting expenses — Deaths of Englefield and Payne
Knight — Sir T. Lawrence as Secretary — A German
scholar's tribute — Distinguished members . . 157-171

CHAPTER VII

Secretaryship of W.R.Hamilton — Reparation to Lord Elgin —
Correspondents abroad : the Hon. W. R. Spencer —
Sir W. Gell — Mr. Edward Dawkins — The Chevalier

viii Contents

PAGE!

Brondsted — The Bronzes of Siris — Subscription for their
purchase — Proposed continuation of Ionian Antiquities
— Application from Mr. Penrose — Mr. Penrose supported
by the Society — Investigations of Athenian Architecture
— Latter years of Hamilton's secretaryship — Members
elected under his regime : Shee, Mountstuart Elphin-
stone, Hobhouse, &c — Eastlake, Ryan, Munro of

Novar, &c Mr. Penrose, Monckton Milnes, Watkiss

Lloyd, Panizzi, Cockerell, &c. — C. T. Newton : his cor-
respondence from Syra and Mitylene — The Mausoleum
of Halicarnassus — Proposal from the Arundel Society —
Dedications of Cockerell's volumes . . . 171-191

CHAPTER VIII

Removals : new Thatched House Tavern • Willis's Rooms
— State of the Society — Sir C. T. Newton, Sir F.
Leighton, &c. — Art collectors and amateurs ; country
gentry, &c. ; Bar and Bench — Pollock, Venables, Bowen
— Learning 5 the Civil Service ; Foreign Diplomacy —
New antiquarian enterprise : Mr. Pullan and the Temple
of Teos — The Smintheum — Temple of Priene — Ionian
Antiquities, vol. iv — Time and mode of publication —
Penrose's Athenian Architecture^ new edition — Appeals
from various quarters : Temple of Ephesus , British
School at Athens — Changes and removals since 1888 —
New members — Discussions and resolutions — Retrospect:
changed conditions of archaeological study — Decline
of classical enthusiasm in England — The Archaeological
Institute of Rome ; various foreign schools at Athens
— Revival of the study in England, but in another
shape — Part taken, or to be taken, by the Dilettanti —
Conclusion 192-11 j

CHAPTER IX

Portraits of members : George Knapton — Institution of
face-money — Knapton's resignation — J. Stuart as Painter
to the Society — Stuart superseded in favour of Reynolds
— The two great portrait-groups — Nathaniel Dance —
Various resolutions as to portraits — Death of Reynolds ;
Lawrence chosen successor — Motion as to portrait of
Sir J. Banks — The Reynolds groups : steps for their
preservation — The groups engraved in mezzotint —

Contents ™

PAGIS

Portrait of Payne Knight — Lawrence on the question ot
fresh portrait-groups — Portraits and face-money: various
orders — Portraits of Lord Dundas and Benjamin West
— Lawrence succeeded by Shee — Portrait of Morritt —
Inquiries into state of pictures — Shee succeeded by
Eastlake — Proposed series of engravings — Applications
for loan of pictures : Manchester, South Kensington,
National Gallery, &c. — Eastlake succeeded by Leighton
— Portraits of Lord Broughton and Sir Edward Ryan —
Successive Painters to the Society : Sir F. W. Burton
and Sir Edward Poynter — Further loans of pictures —
Last portraits: Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, Lord Leighton,
Mr. Sidney Colvin zi 6-137

SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER

1898-1913

Personal changes in the Society — Death of Mr. E. H. Pember —
Portrait of Mr. Pember — Appointment of Mr. George
Macmillan as Joint Secretary — Portrait of Mr. W. R.
Hamilton — Revision of the Society's Rules — The
Society's contributions to archaeological research —
Drawings and plates in the Society's archives — Special
Exhibition — The Antiquities of Ionia : Professor Lethaby's
discovery ....... i39*-i47*

Appendix: The Society's contributions to Art, 1734.-1908

Approximate amount of moneys expended . x4.8*-i?4.*

APPENDIX

List of Members of the Society of Dilettanti . 139-314.

Supplementary List of Members, 1 898-19 1 3 . . 3i5*~3io*

Index to the Supplementary Chapter . . . 3ii*-32i*

INDEX W-336

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Photogravures from original portraits in the possession
of the Society of Dilettanti

tins

Sir Joshua Reynolds, P.R. A. (after Reynolds)

Col. G. Gray (after Knapton)

The Hon. Sewallis Shirley (after Knapton) .

The Earl of Holdernesse (after Knapton)

Sir James Gray, Bart, (after Knapton) .

The Earl of Bessborough (after Knapton) .

The Earl of Sandwich (after Knapton) .

William Fauquier, Esq. (after Knapton)

Richard Payne Knight, Esq. (after Lawrence)

J. B. S. Morritt, Esq. (after Shee)

Sir Henry Englefield, Bart, (after Lawrence)

Sir Edward Ryan, K.C.B. (after Leighton) .

Sir William Hamilton and others (after Reynolds)

The Hon. Charles Greville and others (after Reynolds)

Edward H. Pember, Esq. (after Poynter)

. Frontispiece

To face

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93

112

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168

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222

226

241*

Phototypes from the Regalia belonging to the Society

' Bacchus's Tomb • To face 32

Ivory relief of Perseus and Andromeda, after the

antique : from the back of Bacchus's Tomb . „

The Ballot- Box

HISTORY

OF THE

SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI

CHAPTER I

Antiquity of the Society — State of England at its foundation
— Date of foundation — Date of first records — Char-
acter of original members — Toung Englishmen on the
Grand Tour — Choice of name — Earliest meetings —
Members in 17 3 6 — Dashwood — Middlesex — Har-
court — The brothers Gray — W. Ponsonby — 7^. Gren-
ville — Howe, Archer, Denny, Strode, Sewallis Shirley —
Boone, Liddell, Fauquier, Harris, Dingley, Smithson —
Hanbury Williams, Mitchell, Villiers — Smyth, Hay,
Spence, &c. — Sandwich — Bedford, Brand, Holdernesse
— Other members before 17 so.

THE history to be narrated in the following Antiquity
chapters is that of a small private society of °f^e
gentlemen which for more than a century and Soctety-
a half has exercised an active influence in matters
connected with public taste and the fine arts in
this country, and whose enterprise in the special field
of classical excavation and research has earned the
grateful recognition of scholars and the cultivated

x History of the Society of Dilettanti

public throughout Europe. There may be persons,
outside the limited circle of its members, who will
feel some surprise on learning that such a society
exists j that it was founded in the early years
of the reign of George II ; and has maintained
its existence with an unbroken record up to the
present day. This fact is the more remarkable,
since, although the Royal Society and the Society of
Antiquaries are actually older in point of date, the
Society of Dilettanti was not formed, as these were,
with any definite intention of promoting the cause of
either science or art, but simply, in the first instance,
for the purposes of social and convivial intercourse.
state of The foundation of the Society almost coincides

England at with what may be termed the birth of modern
ttsfounda- England. The accession of George II, in itself an
unromantic and apparently unimportant incident in
the history of England, nevertheless forms one of the
landmarks in that history. The final establishment
on the throne of the Hanoverian branch of the
Guelphs marks the close of the long struggle which
had reached its climax in the Revolution of i<*8 8.
It denotes the complete extinction of any popular
sympathy with the Jacobite cause, as was shown
by the behaviour of the populace during the events
of 1745-. A new era had commenced in England,
an era of progress, consolidation, and reform, equally
marked in matters political, social, and commercial,
in questions civil or religious, and in education,
science, and art. The long ascendency of Sir Robert
Walpole, as first minister of the Crown, taught the
country for the first time to look to the prime minister
as the real governing power, while the vigorous
opposition excited by his administration opened its
eyes to the advantages of the party system. It was

History of the Society of Dilettanti 3

early in the eighteenth century that the army and
navy became permanent institutions and part of
the national fabric of government. This without
doubt contributed largely to the extraordinary
extension of British commercial enterprise which
ensued, leading through the agency of the East
India Company to the establishment of the British
Empire in India, and in later days to the founda-
tion of Greater Britain in Australasia, South Africa,
and in various parts of the New World. As com-
mercial fortunes increased, the merchants of the
East India, Turkey, South Sea, and other companies
became powers in the State, and began to encroach
on the social privileges of the feudal and territorial
aristocracy. With the settled stability of the throne
and the national institutions, the country grew
wealthy and prospered. The foundation of the
Bank of England is one of the great events in the
history of finance. During this period there began
to arise those great manufacturing enterprises which
gained for Great Britain the commercial hegemony
of the world. In religion, the settled supremacy of
the Protestant faith enabled the Church to come to
terms with the Nonconformists, whereby the latter
gained a position of independence and a distinct
voice in the affairs of State. The foundation of
parochial schools for the first time opened the doors
of education to the masses of the people. The press
became an important and active factor in public life,
both as a literary resource and as a political engine.
Science and research were fostered by the Royal
Society and the Society of Antiquaries. The
acquisition by the nation of the collections of Sir
Hans Sloane, following on that of the Cottonian and
the Harleian MSS., resulted in the foundation of the

B 2

4 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti

British Museum. A desire was promoted for the es-
tablishment of a truly national school of art, leading
to the St. Martin's Lane Academy and William
Hogarth, and later to the foundation of the Royal
Academy in the glorious age of Gainsborough and
Sir Joshua Reynolds. The pursuit of knowledge
and culture became not only popular but fashionable,
and a tour round foreign courts and capitals was
considered an indispensable qualification for young
men of birth and wealth. These grand tours became
the source of the formation of those great private
collections for which England long remained so
justly renowned.
Bate of In the midst of such an age as this it happened,

foundation. to qUOte the words of the preface of the Ionian
Antiquities (1769), that

'In the year 1734 some gentlemen who had travelled in Italy,
desirous of encouraging at home a taste for those objects which
had contributed so much to their entertainment abroad, formed
themselves into a society under the name of the Dilettanti, and
agreed upon such resolutions as they thought necessary to keep up
the spirit of the scheme/

It is a matter of regret, and one, it is to be feared,
past remedy, that, at the time of the foundation
of this Society, the original members had so little
idea of the important part which it was destined
to play that it was not thought necessary to keep
regular minutes of their meetings. Founded essen-
tially as a dining society, its future, so long as the
strength of the bond which held its members together
remained untested and unknown, was very imperfectly
foreseen. When, however, after a year or two, it
became evident that not mere conviviality (or, as its
enemies uncompromisingly alleged, hard drinking),
but the love of art, with the ambition of fostering

History of the Society of Dilettanti $

the same sentiment in others, was destined to be the
genuine ruling principle of the Society, its members
seem to have awakened to the fact that they might
become a leading power in social life.

Through their negligence at the outset the actual Date of
date of the foundation of the Society remains un- first
certain. At a meeting held at the Bedford Head records-
Tavern on March d, 1 7 3 tf , it was decided to keep
a regular minute-book, the records of meetings
having been previously merely jotted down on loose
papers. The first entries in the red morocco minute-
books of the Society are dated April ? and May 2,
173 6 — Anno Soc. Ter. in the Latin style adopted (and
still kept up) for this purpose. When a separate book
was commenced on December 13, 1744, for the
minutes of the committee meetings, its date of com-
mencement is Ann. Soc. Duodec. From these entries it
may be assumed that the first meeting of the Society
was held in December, probably on December 5 or
12, i732-

The majority of the original members were young character
noblemen or men of wealth and position between °f original
twenty and thirty years of age, who had just come mem ers'
home from their travels on the Continent (tours
usually made under the charge of some governor of
more mature age from the Universities or the Church),
and who were eager on their return not only to
compare notes of their experiences and acquisi-
tions, but also to be regarded as arbiters of taste
and culture in their native country. It can easily
be imagined that the convivial meetings of a society
thus constituted were characterized, in that age, by
a vivacity which would be hardly in tune with the
soberer ideas prevailing at the close of the nineteenth
century.

6 History of the Society of "Dilettanti

Toung The young English aristocrat was a conspicuous

Englishmen figure 'in tne chief centres of society on the Con-
°Grand Tour. tinent- He was as much criticized abroad for what
seemed in foreign eyes his insular eccentricities, as
he was on his return for his affectation of foreign
habits of speech and behaviour. We get frequent
glimpses of him from memoirs and letters of the
time. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, writing to
her daughter about the winter which she passed in
Rome in 1740-41, says :

c There was an unusual concourse of English, many of them with
great estates and their own masters : as they had no admittance
to the Roman ladies nor understood the language, they had noway
of passing their evenings but in my apartment, where I had always
a full drawing-room. Their governors encouraged their assiduities
as much as they could, finding I gave them lessons of economy and
good conduct; and my authority was so great, it was a common
threat among them, " Til tell Lady Mary what you say." I was
judge of all their disputes, and my decisions always submitted to.
While I staid, there was neither gaming, drinking, quarrelling or
keeping/

In spite of Lady Mary's complacent opinion of
her own influence, it is to be feared that the four
practices mentioned in her last sentence were sadly
prevalent among these young men, and that in many
cases it was the governor, rather than the pupil, who
profited most by the expedition. In any case, it was
from among these young travellers that the Society
of Dilettanti was recruited.
choke of In tne absence of original records, there is nothing

name. ' beyond the obvious fitness of the name to explain
why the original members called their Society the
Dilettanti. The Italian word c dilettante' appro-
priately describes the character of these young men.
The French word 'amateur' had not yet been adopted
into the vernacular, the word c virtuoso ' had already
acquired a professional sound. There was in fact

History of the Society of Dilettanti 7

already in existence a Society of Virtuosi founded in
1689, and composed of c Gentlemen, Painters, Sculp-
tors, Architects, etc., Lovers or Professors of Art.'
This society held an annual feast on St. Luke's Day,
and on more than one occasion attempted to im-
mortalize its existence by portrait-groups. A refer-
ence to the name chosen by the Dilettanti for their
own Society is made in the preface, already quoted,
to the first volume of their great work on Ionian
Antiquities [176 9) —

c It would be disingenuous to insinuate that a serious Plan for the
Promotion of Arts was the only Motive for forming this Society.
Friendly and Social Intercourse was, undoubtedly, the first great
Object in view- but while, in this respect, no Set of Men ever
kept up more religiously to their original Institution, it is hoped
this Work will show that they have not, for that Reason, aban-
doned the cause of Virtu, in which they are also engaged, or
forfeited their Pretensions to that Character which is implied in
the Name they have assumed/

Taking December, 1732, as the probable date Earliest
of the first meeting of the Society of Dilettanti, meetings.
there is some ground for supposing that it, and
perhaps a few subsequent meetings, may have been
held in Italy. Private papers show that some of
the earliest members were certainly on the Continent
during some part of the winter of 1732-3, and
it may well have been that at some common
central meeting-place for young travellers, such as
Rome or Venice (the latter has been assumed), the
idea was first mooted of such a reunion in London.

It is difficult to ascertain for certain who were Members
the true original founders of the Society, inasmuch *■ I73<^-
as no list has been preserved of earlier date than May,
173d. The number of members at that date was
forty-six, mostly young men of rank and fashion
from twenty-five to thirty years of age, and many of

8 History of the Society of Dilettanti

them destined to play important parts as statesmen,
courtiers, soldiers, diplomatists, divines, or merchant
princes. Of the first category were Simon (after-
wards Earl) Harcourt, Richard Grenville (afterwards
Earl Temple), Sir Francis Dashwood (afterwards
Lord le Despencer), and William Ponsonby (after-
wards Earl of Bessborough) ; of the second, Charles
Earl of Middlesex (afterwards Duke of Dorset), Lord
Robert Montagu (afterwards Duke of Manchester),
Thomas Lord Archer, Sewallis Shirley, and Daniel
Boone ; of the third, George Gray, William Degge,
William Denny, and William Strode ; of the fourth,
Andrew Mitchell, Sir James Gray, Thomas Villiers
(afterwards Lord Hyde and Earl of Clarendon), and
Sir Charles Hanbury Williams \ of the fifth, Arthur
Smyth (afterwards Archbishop of Dublin), Robert
Hay (afterwards Archbishop of York), and the poet-
author, Joseph Spence ; and of the last, William
Fauquier, Robert Dingley, Robert Bristow, and Peter
Delme'. To these were added young baronets like
Sir Lionel Pilkington, Sir Robert Long, Sir Brown-
low Sherard, Sir Henry Liddell, and Sir Hugh
Smithson ; young peers like Viscount Gal way,
Viscount Boyne, and gentlemen of position such
as Simon Luttrell, Thomas Anson, James Noel,
Thomas Grimston, John Howe, Henry Harris, Sir
Thomas Whitmore, and Charles Feilding. Another
original member was George Knapton, the painter,
who held the important office of < Painter to the
Society.' The minute-books of the Society afford
sufficient evidence as to who among these noblemen
and gentlemen took the most prominent part in its
foundation and were most active in promoting its
interests. It is easy to distinguish as ruling spirits
Dashwood, Middlesex, Harcourt, James and George

History of the Society of Dilettanti 9

Gray, Howe, Boone, Harris, Fauquier, Ponsonby,
and Liddell.

The man who, if not the actual projector and Dashwood.
founder of the Society, was certainly its leading
member in 1736, Sir Francis Dashwood, has earned
an ill name in history for profanity and profligacy.
He was born in 1708, and spent the early years of
his manhood in foreign travel, during which he
acquired a European reputation for his pranks
and adventures. Bred in the school of Bolingbroke
and Voltaire, he practised a contempt for piety
and religion, which led him to the furthest ex-
treme in the opposite direction. He roamed from
court to court in search of notoriety. In Russia
he masqueraded as Charles XII, and in that un-
suitable character aspired to be the lover of the
Tsarina Anne. In Italy his outrages on religion
and morality led to his expulsion from the dominions
of the Church. On his return to England he
scandalized his contemporaries, and obtained withal
a sinister immortality, by his performances as high-
priest of the blasphemous and indecent orgies at
Medmenham Abbey. In spite of this reputation
he was a by no means incapable or uninteresting
member of the House of Commons. For some
years he held a position in the household of Frederick,
Prince of Wales, and was therefore in continuous
hostility to the Walpole administration. When
the Earl of Bute became first minister, he made his
most fatal mistake in making Dashwood Chancellor
of the Exchequer. In that capacity Dashwood
brought in the ill-starred excise bill on cider, which
was the main cause of the collapse of the Bute
ministry. Compensated with the barony of Le
Despencer, to which he was co-heir through his

io History of the Society of Dilettanti

mother, he retired to his house at West Wycombe
in Buckinghamshire, married a rich widow, built
a church as a set-off to his Medmenham escapades,
patronized artists, dabbled in classical architecture,
and finally died, old and neglected, in December,
1 78 1. With all his faults, let it be remembered
that in the House of Commons he had manfully
endeavoured to prevent the political murder of
Admiral Byng; that in the Lords, when the great
Earl of Chatham fell swooning to the ground,
Lord le Despencer was almost the only peer to
step forward with words of sympathy and hope ;
and that as Sir Francis Dashwood he had been the
principal founder of the Society of Dilettanti, for
fifty years attended its dinners and committees,
and supported both by counsel and money, even
when he did not originate, all its most successful
schemes and enterprises.
Middlesex. Charles Sackville, Earl of Middlesex, eldest son
of the Duke of Dorset, was born in 1711, and so
was barely of age at the time of the foundation
of the Society of Dilettanti. In 1730 he made
a long tour in France and Italy under the tutorship
of the Rev. Joseph Spence, the author of Poly metis ,•
who in his letters speaks highly of his young com-
panion's natural abilities. Middlesex was from the
first associated with the following of Frederick,
Prince of Wales, being for many years master-of-the-
horse in the prince's household, while his wife was
lady-in-waiting and principal ' confidante ' to the
princess. He is best known for his connexion with
the history of opera in England. On this pursuit he
squandered immense sums. He eventually succeeded
his father as second Duke of Dorset, and died on
January y, 1769. Horace Walpole says of him—

History of the Society of Dilettanti n

c His figure was handsome, had all the reserve of his family, and
all the dignity of his ancestors. He was a poet too because they
had been poets. As little as he came near them in this talent,
it was what he most resembled them in, and in what he best
supported their honour. His passion was the direction of operas,
in which he had not only wasted immense sums, but had stood
lawsuits in Westminster Hall with some of those poor devils for
their salaries. The Duke of Dorset had often paid his debts, but
never could work on his affections, and he had at last carried his
disobedience so far, in complaisance to and in imitation of the
prince, as to oppose his father in his own boroughs.'

Simon Harcourt, born in 1714, succeeded his Harcourt.
father as second Viscount Harcourt in 1720. He
travelled for four years on the Continent, from
1730 to 1734. Unlike the two members already-
mentioned, Harcourt was attached to the household
of George II, whom he attended at the battle of
Dettingen. He held the important post of governor
to George III when Prince of Wales, though his
influence was counteracted after the king's accession
by that of the Earl of Bute. He was sent to
Germany to marry by proxy Princess Charlotte
of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and escort her to Eng-
land. Subsequently he became lord-chamberlain
of the household, ambassador to France, and lord-
lieutenant of Ireland. He was a consistent patron
of the arts, and died in 1777 through accidentally
falling into a well in his garden at Nuneham
Courtenay. Horace Walpole sneers at Harcourt
as c civil and sheepish, and only able to teach the
prince what he himself knew, namely, hunting and
drinking.'

Two others of the most prominent among the The brothers
original founders of the Dilettanti were the brothers Gray-
James and George Gray. They were sons of Sir
James Gray, who was created a baronet of Scotland
in 1707 by Queen Anne. According to Horace

ix History of the Society of "Dilettanti

Walpole, who seldom had a good word for the
Dilettanti set, their 'father was first a box-keeper
and then footman to James the Second.' In 1744
Sir James Gray accompanied the Earl of Holdernesse
on his embassy to the Republic of Venice, and re-
mained there as British Resident until 1773. Lady
Mary Wortley Montagu, writing in 175-8, says that
'Sir James Gray was, as I am told, universally
esteemed during his residence here ; but alas ! he
is gone to Naples.' Gray was appointed envoy
extraordinary to Naples and the Two Sicilies in 175- 4,
and resided there many years. He took a prominent
part in the discoveries at Herculaneum, and in the
whole progress of classical research and excavation.
He was in 1761 appointed envoy to the Court of
Spain, and created a Knight of the Bath, but the
outbreak of war prevented his taking up his residence
at Madrid till 1766. He was created a Privy
Councillor in November, 1769, and died in London
unmarried in January, 1773. Although absent from
England for most of the years of his membership
of the Society of Dilettanti, Gray was one of the
most useful and active of its members. His position
at Venice and Naples brought him into contact with
many of the young men whose travels and tastes
qualified them for membership, and the Society
looked to him to supply candidates for admission.
His younger brother George Gray served with
distinction in the army, and eventually attained the
rank of major-general and became colonel of the
37th Foot. He was deeply interested in, and
unfailingly assisted, all schemes of classical and anti-
quarian research. He was to the Society of Dilettanti
in England what his brother Sir James Gray was to
it abroad. He had some distinction as an amateur

j&a/Uim.. A

COLONEL GEORGE GRAY.

History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 13

artist, and is said to have designed Lord Spencer's
house in the Green Park. He was Secretary and
Treasurer of the Society for thirty-three years, from
1738 to 1771. On the death of his brother he
succeeded to the baronetcy, but only survived him
a few weeks, dying in London in February, 1773.

William Ponsonby, born in 1704, was eldest son of w.Vonsonby.
Brabazon Ponsonby, second Viscount Duncannon and
afterwards first Earl of Bessborough. He travelled
a great deal on the Continent and in the East until
1739, and on his return took his place as a leader
of taste and fashion, and in public life served as
a Lord of the Treasury and as Postmaster-General.
He became Viscount Duncannon in 1739 on his
father's elevation to the earldom, and succeeded
his father as earl in 17/8. As a collector of
objects of art and antiquity he was one of the
earliest and the most active in the country. He
died in 1793.

Richard Grenville was a prominent member of R. Gren-
the family clique of Pitts and Grenvilles who ruled vtlle-
England for so long a time. The brother-in-law
of the great Earl of Chatham, he filled numerous
important posts in the government, and his life
belongs to the history of his country. Born in
171 1, he was but little over twenty-one years of
age at the time of the foundation of the Society, in
which at first he seems to have played a leading
part. c Squire Gawky,' as his contemporaries nick-
named him, became Earl Temple on the death of
his mother in 17^2, and died in 1779.

Among the most active of the early members of "TjSj
the Society of Dilettanti were John Howe of Han- r>e„„y '
slope in Buckinghamshire (born in 1707, died in strode,
1769), and Thomas Archer, who was created a peer JjJJJjJ'

14 History of the Society of Dilettanti

in 1747 and died in 176%. Archer lived at Umber-
slade, near Stratford-upon-Avon, and in London was
conspicuous as a great dispenser of hospitality.
William Denny, a noted man of fashion, was appointed
to the governorship of Pennsylvania in 175-5, a post
which was intended, no doubt, to be a lucrative sine-
cure, but turned out otherwise. Serious hostility was
shown to him as governor, and he was superseded in
175-9. General William Strode was known as a
faithful friend and ally of the Duke of Cumberland,
and the donor of the unfortunate statue of the duke
which stood for a long time in Cavendish Square.
Sewallis Shirley, a younger son of Earl Ferrers, born
in 1709, was notorious among the reckless and
profligate young men of fashion of his day ; among
other notorious affairs of gallantry, he had relations
with the celebrated Lady Vane (the 'Lady of
Quality ' whose adventures are recorded by Smollett
in Peregrine Pickle\ and later with Margaret Rolle, the
rich widowed Countess of Orford, Horace Walpole's
sister-in-law, to whose pranks and gallantries many
allusions will be found in her brother-in-law's letters
and memoirs. Shirley, whose connexion with the
latter lady was for a time blessed by marriage, was
none the less a member of Parliament and comp-
troller of the household to Queen Charlotte, and
died in 176 f without having outlived his reputation.
Boone, Daniel Boone, son of Charles Boone, governor of

tiddell, Bombay, was a wealthy member of the East India
HarriT9 Company. He married a rich heiress, became a
Dinghy, member of Parliament and clerk of the household
Smith son. to the Princess of Wales, and was moreover a con-
fidential friend of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and
therefore of the party opposed to the administration
of Sir Robert Walpole. Sir Henry Liddell, Baronet,

HON. SEWALLIS SHIRLEY.

History of the Society of Dilettanti is

afterwards created Baron Ravensworth, is perhaps
best known as the father of Horace Walpole's
friend, the Countess of Upper Ossory, whilom
Duchess of Grafton. William Fauquier was a
director of the South Sea Company, and eventually
became registrar and secretary of the Order of the
Bath ; he was very active in promoting the work
of the Dilettanti Society, of which he was Secretary
from 1 77 1 to 1774, an(i died in 1788. Henry
Harris acted as High Steward of the Society from
1 7 3 6 onwards ; he was a protege of Sir Thomas
Winnington, who was for a time Chancellor of the
Exchequer, and obtained from him a profitable post
as Commissioner of Wine Licences. Harris is best
known outside the Society of Dilettanti as a friend
and correspondent of Sir Charles Hanbury Williams ;
he died in 1773. Robert Dingley was a London
merchant, an amateur architect and artist, and a
collector of works of art ; he was put forward at
one time to fight Wilkes in the Middlesex election,
but has some real claim to distinction as one of the
founders of the Magdalen Hospital in London ; he
died at Lamb Abbey, Chiselhurst, in 178 1. Sir
Hugh Smithson gained high social promotion for
himself and his descendants through his marriage
with the heiress of the duchy of Northumberland
and his subsequent elevation to the dukedom.
He was regarded also as one of the handsomest men
of his day. Perhaps a stronger claim to historical
recognition lies in the fact that he was the father
of an illegitimate son, who went to America and
became the founder of the celebrated Smithsonian
Institution at Boston, U.S.A.1

1 Sir Hugh Smithson, Mr. Howe, Mr. Bellingham Boyle, and
Viscount Midleton, members of the Dilettanti, appear as members

1 6 History of the Society of Dilettanti

llanbury
Williams,
Mitchell,
Villiers.

Smyth,

Hay,

Spence,

&c.

The diplomatists who appear as original members
of the Society of Dilettanti were all distinguished
in their careers, though their residence abroad natur-
ally disabled them from taking any part in the
regular proceedings of the Society. Sir Charles
Hanbury Williams, the famous wit and satirist, spent
nearly all his life abroad as envoy to Dresden,
Berlin, or St. Petersburg. His letters, however, show
that he never lost his interest in the Society.
Mention has already been made of the services
rendered to that body by Sir James Gray. Sir Andrew
Mitchell achieved real distinction as envoy to the
Court of Prussia, inasmuch as he was one of the
£qw people who gained the confidence of that
eccentric monarch, Frederick II. Thomas Villiers,
second son of the Earl of Jersey, had a long and
remarkable career in diplomacy, and was created
successively Baron Hyde and Earl of Clarendon ;
he died in 1 7 8 tf , having bequeathed to his descen-
dants a hereditary aptitude for the transaction of
foreign affairs.

The two members who became distinguished as
prelates of the Church naturally took but little
part in the convivial meetings of the Society.
Arthur Smyth, son of the Bishop of Limerick,
travelled for some time abroad after leaving Oxford,
for a time in the company of the Earl of Middlesex ;
he became successively Dean of Raphoe and of
Derry, Bishop of Clonfert, of Down, and of Meath,
and eventually Archbishop of Dublin and Primate
of Ireland, and died in 1771. Robert Hay, second

of a small dining society, called 'The Harry the Fifth' or 'The
Gang,' presided over by Frederick, Prince of Wales, of which
there is a portrait-group, painted by C. Philips, in the corridor at
Windsor Castle.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 17

son of the Earl of Kinnoul, similarly went through
a course of travel on leaving Oxford, and became
successively Bishop of St. Asaph and of Salisbury,
and eventually Archbishop of York, dying in 1776.
Joseph Spence, another of the original members,
owed his election to the circumstance that he had
travelled as governor to the Earl of Middlesex, and
later also to the Earl of Lincoln. He was Pro-
fessor of Poetry and afterwards Regius Professor
of Modern History in Oxford, a friend and corre-
spondent of Pope, and is well known as the author
of Polymetis and the Anecdotes. He died at Byfleet in
Surrey, in August, 1768. These were among the more
remarkable of the earliest members of the Society
of Dilettanti. Others, such as Colonel Degge, Sir
Brownlow Sherard, Viscount Boyne, Viscount Galway,
Mr. E. Clarke, Sir L. Pilkington, appear in the
minute-books as active members, but their share in
the proceedings is less defined. The names mentioned
will show that, although the early meetings may
have been convivial and perhaps uproarious, the
members were for the most part men of education
and distinction, and included several who were of
real importance in the history of the country.

To the above must be added a few names of members Sandwich.
who took an active and leading part in the early
proceedings of the Society, although they were not
elected until after 1736, the date of the earliest
extant list. These were the Earl of Sandwich, the
Duke of Bedford, Mr. Thomas Brand, and the Earl
of Holdernesse. John Montagu, fourth Earl of
Sandwich, has been beyond doubt one of the best-
abused men of his century. He was born in 171 8,
and succeeded to the peerage at the age of eleven.
After a course of education at Eton and Trinity

18 History of the Society of "Dilettanti

College, Cambridge, he went in 1738 for a tour in
the Mediterranean and the Greek Archipelago under
the tutorship of the Rev. J. Cooke, who in 1799,
after Sandwich's death, published an account of the
journey. It was during this voyage that Sandwich
acquired that interest in art and antiquities which
made him afterwards so useful and energetic a
member of the Society of Dilettanti. His public
life as a statesman forms one of the chapters of the
naval history of Great Britain. He was the British
plenipotentiary at the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle in
1748. He encouraged and supported the expedi-
tions of Captain Cook, and the name of the
Sandwich Islands, given to the Hawaiian group in
the Pacific Archipelago, has immortalized his memory
in those seas. The familiar article of diet known
by his name is said to owe it to the hurried meals
he was in the habit of snatching amidst the incessant
cares of his post at the Admiralty. The fame, or
rather the ill-fame, of Sandwich rests upon the
scandal caused by his conduct in private life, on
which posterity has loved to dwell to the exclusion
of any redeeming qualities. Associated with Dash-
wood and Wilkes in the infamous orgies at
Medmenham, Sandwich gained an unenviable reputa-
tion and the nickname of i Jemmy Twitcher ' by his
attack on Wilkes in the House of Lords. The
murder of his mistress, Miss Ray, by the Rev. J.
Hackman, brought fresh odium on his head, though
Sandwich's own behaviour to the lady seems to
have been without discredit. The powerful and
scurrilous invectives of Churchill remain to com-
memorate the odium which his conduct brought
upon him. But Sandwich was a man who cared
little for the opinion of others. As a patron

History of the Society of Dilettanti 19

of art, music, athletics, cricket, tennis, field sports,
theatricals, racing, and gambling, and as a man
of wit and pleasant conversation, he occupies a
peculiar position in the history of his time. His
capacity for work of all sorts was incredible.
Posterity has judged him entirely by his vices.
But the Society of Dilettanti cannot fail to remember
that it was to him and Dashwood — men stamped by
their enemies as

£ Too infamous to have a friend,
Too bad for bad men to commend' —

that it owes the inception and success of the
principal schemes on which its reputation is based.

Sandwich was an intimate friend of John Russell, Bedford,
fourth Duke of Bedford, and exercised a great SjjJ
influence over the duke. Bedford, born in 171 o,
succeeded his brother as duke in 1732, and was
a leading politician all his life. The Bedford party
was a power in the State. He served also as lord-
lieutenant of Ireland and ambassador to France.
Horace Walpole, who had a private quarrel with
Bedford, describes him as 'a man of inflexible
honesty and goodwill to his country ; his foible
being speaking on every subject and imagining he
understood it.' He was a little man with an im-
petuous but refined manner, and very popular — the
very reverse of Sandwich, whose manners were
extravagant and rough. Thomas Brand, of the
Hoo in Hertfordshire, was a member of the Bedford
party in Parliament. He formed an important
collection of classical antiquities. Robert Darcy,
Earl of Holdernesse, born in 171 8, did not join
the Society till May, 17 \u when he was ambassador
to the Signiory of Venice. He had been a lord
of the bedchamber to George II, and attended the

c ?.

xo History of the Society of Dilettanti

king at the battle of Dettingen. After serving
for some years in diplomacy he became a Secretary
of State, and subsequently held important posts in
the household, acting as governor to the Prince of
Wales from 1771 to 1776. He had a house at Sion
Hill, Isleworth, where he entertained much society.
Horace Walpole says of him that his c talents were
not above mediocrity, but that he was taciturn and
dexterous enough, and most punctual in the execution
of his orders ' ; also, that c his passion for directing
operas and masquerades was rather thought a con-
tradiction to his gravity than below his understand-
ing, which was so very moderate that no relations of
his own exploits would, not a little since before, have
been sooner credited than his being a Secretary of
State.' Holdernesse married a Dutch lady, and died
in 1778.
other Among other and apparently less active members

members wno joined the Society before 17^0, are not a few
eforei-jjo. ^Qgg names rank high in the political and social
history of the country. Such were Thomas Coke,
the great collector, created Earl of Leicester in 1744 ;
Evelyn Pierrepoint, Duke of Kingston, who is less
remembered on his own account than on that of his
wife, the beautiful and bigamous Elizabeth Chud-
leigh j William, second Earl Cowper, F.R.S. ; Charles
Wyndham, afterwards second Earl of Egremont ;
Lewis and Thomas Watson, afterwards respectively
second and third Earls of Rockingham ; William
Wildman, second Viscount Barrington, afterwards
Secretary of War and Chancellor of the Exchequer ;
George Montagu, Lord Sunbury, well known later as
Earl of Halifax and Lord Lieutenant of Ireland ; Nor-
borne Berkeley, who successfully claimed the ancient
barony of Botetourt, and later obtained the governor-

wife ■ /Vrurf?,

EARL OF HOLDERNESSE

History of the Society of Dilettanti 21

ship of Virginia, where he hoped to realize a fortune,
but found instead a childless grave ; Welbore Ellis,
afterwards Lord Mendip, a prominent and active
politician ; William, Marquess of Hartington, after-
wards Duke of Devonshire and Prime Minister ;
Henry Bilson Legge, afterwards Chancellor of the
Exchequer ; the notorious political turn-coat and
place-hunter, Bubb Dodington, who was also some-
thing of a Maecenas and patron of art and poetry ;
and lastly, Dick Edgcumbe, well known as a wit,
versifier and draughtsman, who was solemnly
appointed ' Bard ' to the Society, and who derives
a real title to the gratitude of friends of art from
the fact that he was one of the first to recognize
the powers of Reynolds. Scotland sent Kenneth
Mackenzie, de jure Earl of Seaforth ; Mr. John
Ross Mackyej and the amiable and ill-fated Lord
Deskfoord, heir to the earldom of Eindlater and
Seafield. Of the last-named Horace Walpole writes
to Harry Conway in 1 740 : c Harry, you saw Lord
Deskfoord at Geneva; don't you like him? He
is a mighty sensible man. Tnere are few young
people have so good understandings. He is mighty
grave, and so are you ; but you can both be pleasant
when you have a mind? But poor Lord Deskfoord's
gravity and good understandings had no better end
than melancholy and suicide. The fact that military
and naval eminence began at the same time to be
represented at the Society's board by the presence
of heroes such as Granby, Anson, and Rodney,
may be taken as farther illustrating the variety of
the social elements from which the Dilettanti were
from early days, and have ever since continued to
be., recruited.

CHAPTER II

Practices
and regula-
tions of the
Society.

Places,
dates, and
hours of
meeting.

Practices and regulations of the Society — Places, dates, and
hours of meeting — The President : his toga and curule
chair — The Secretary and Treasurer — The High
Steward — The Arch-Master and his insignia — The
Regalia: Bacchus s Tomb, the Ballot-Box, Seal, and
Inkstand — Dining practices: forfeits and fines —
Convivial excesses — Toasts — Election practices :
qualification, admission, abdication — Committees and
quorums.

SO much as is known concerning the origin
of the Society of Dilettanti having been set
forth in the preceding chapter, and brief
notes having been added as to the character and
individuality of some among the most conspicuous
of its early members, the next step is to give such
account of the constitution, practices, rules, and
regulations of the Society as can be gathered from
the official minutes kept during the first half-century
of its existence. The text of these minutes has
a character and quaintness of its own, which makes
it seem desirable to quote them in most instances
verbatim.

The first meeting of the Society of which a regular
record is kept appears to have taken place at the
Bedford Head Tavern in Covent Garden on March tf ,
1 7 3 <*, for it was then ord red

cThat the Ld Boyne, Mr. How, Sr. James Gray, Sr Francis
Dashwood, Mr. Gray, Mr. Degge, Sr Hugh Smithson, Mr. Archer,
Sr Brownlow Sherrard, Mr. Whitmore, Mr. Denny, or any five

History of the Society of Dilettanti xg

members of the Society, do meet at the Bedford Head on Sunday
next to enter the Minutes now in loose Papers regularly in a Book
(T. Archer, President)/

It was from this date that the present series of
red morocco minute-books was commenced.

The meeting-place seems to have been by no
means fixed, for on February 4, 1 7 3 9, it was ordered

c That the Society meet no longer at the Bedford Head/
and

6 Resolved that the next meeting be at the Fountain in the
Strand/

A further change was made on March 6y i74f>
when it was

'Resolv'd that the Society do adjourn their next meeting in
April to the Star and Garter in Pall Mall/

In February, 1 74§, it was ordered

'That the sd Committee do meet on Saturday the 18th at the
King's Arms in Pall-Mali ' •

and on May 1, 175-7, it was again ordered

'That the Society do meet in December next at the Star and
Garter in Pall Mall/

and

c That the Regalia of the Society be removed from the King's
Arms, Westminster/

In February, 176 3, it was ordered

c That the next meeting of the Society be at Mr. Almack's in
King Street/

The first rule of the Society is as follows : —

That the members of the Dilettanti meet the first Sunday in
the month beginning the first Sunday in December and ending the
first Sunday in May/

The meetings of the Society were thus fixed to
take place on the first Sunday in every month

X4 History of the Society of Dilettanti

from December to May, but in December, 17^7,
the January meeting was postponed to the second
Sunday in that month ; and on May 20, 1 78 1, it was
resolved

c That it appears by experience to be for the advantage of the
Society that the meetings be held twice in a month instead of once,
that therefore the regulation for so doing be continued for the
ensuing year/

But this was rescinded on March 6, 1784, when the
Society reverted to c their original institution.' The
season during which the meetings were held was after-
wards changed : February to July being appointed
instead of December to May: and this is the
arrangement which holds at the present day. At
the date of the foundation of the Society and
for many years afterwards, the hour for dining was
considerably earlier than at present. Among the
early resolutions of the Society are these of
February 4, 1739:

'Ordered that the money for the Dinners be collected at the
first meeting of every year.

c Resolved that no business be transacted till after dinner/

On April j, 1 741, in consequence of a resolution,

'That Mr. Gage haveing left the- soci. without leave of the
President and contrary to a known and ancient custom be censured,
it not being seven a clock,'

it was ordered

c That it be a standing Rule of this Society That the President do
call for the Bill at seven a clock (if business will permit) and that he
do positively without fail call for it at eight ' j

and further ordered

c That no one be so disrespectfull as to go away before the bill
is called for, without leave publickly asked from and obtained
of the President/

In April, 1767, a fine of one guinea was inflicted
for a breach of the latter order.

History of the Society of Dilettanti z$

The President was chosen in rotation from the The
number of members present, the rule being at first President:

c That every Member be oblig'd to officiate as President accord- and curule
ing to his Order on the List of Names contained in the Book/ chair,

and

c That the Member whose turn it is to officiate as President not
being present, the next upon the List then present is to officiate
for that Meeting (provided he has been Six Meetings in the Society)
and the absent Member or Members who mist their turns be oblig'd
to officiate according to their Order upon the List the next time
they appear at the Society.'

At first the office was compulsory, but on Decem-
ber 4, 1742, it was resolved

' That any member shall have power to Decline the office of
President upon the Penalty of one Guinea and his name be mark'd
as if he had actually officiated that time/

By a minute of May 6y 1739, it was resolved

c That it is necessary that there be an Alteration in the dress
of the President ' ;

and on February 1, 1747,

c That a Roman dress is thought necessary for the President
of the Society/

This having been discussed in committee, the Society
on March 1, 174?,

c Agreed with the Committee as to model of the Roman dress,
disagreed with them as to the Colour being crimson. Resolved that
it should be of Scarlet,'

and further resolved

c That the President puts on the Roman dress when the Books
are open'd,'

and

' That the President Quits the Roman dress when he leaves the
Chair and not before.'

z6 History of the Society of Dilettanti

This scarlet toga, in whose folds the President
even at the present day sits enveloped, seems to have
been from the first an irksome addition to the office.
As early as December d, 1741, a motion was made

c That Sr J. Gray for the high Misdemeanour committed during
his second Presidentship in neglecting the insignia of the Office
be now publickly reprimanded by the President and advised to take
care of his behaviour for the future, and he was reprimanded
accordingly.'

The arrangement of the folds of the President's
toga was a subject of care and the duty of the
Painter to the Society, for in March, 1778,

e The Painter of the Society [Sir Joshua Reynolds] was repre-
manded for not sending the Toga to the Committee nor coming
Himself as desired by the Society ' ;

and in March, 1 7 8 o, a motion was made

'That Mr. Steward be desired to undertake to have the folds
of the Toga newly arrang'd which have been derang'd by the ill
Taste of the Painter with whom it had been intrusted/

A still direr tragedy connected with the history
of the toga is recorded in the Society's minute-
books as follows :

'April 18, 1790. The Toga not being Found in the House the
Duke of Norfolk was desird by the Society to Lend his Robes for
the Use of the President, which his Grace having been pleasd
to assent the Robes were accordingly brought and the President
arrangd therein/

' Resolvd that secreting the Toga belonging to the Society is
a high crime of misdemeenor. That all such as shall be convicted
of being concernd in secreting the said Toga shall be considerd
as guilty of high crimes and misdemeenors. That a committee be
appointed to enquire into the mode in which the Toga of this
Society has been secreted and to draw up Articles of impeachment
against all such delinquents as shall be suspected of being principals
or accessories in secreting the same. That the said Committee do
meet at this house on the second of May next, and that the Duke
of Norfolk E.M., the Earl of Sandwich and R. P. Knight Esqre. do
attend in their places, and that the Sec. do order Stone the Taylor

History of the Society of Dilettanti 17

who is suspected of having the Toga in his Posession to attend
at the Bar.'

cJune 6, 1790. Mr. Stone attended with the new Toga and
tried it upon the chairman, orderd that the new Toga be referrd
back to R. P. Knight Esq.*

From these entries a great crime may be suspected,
namely, that the two noble peers and the gentleman
mentioned were guilty of making away with the
old toga and causing it to disappear. By a minute
of March 4, 173^, it was ordered

( That a Chaire be made for the use and Dignity of the
PresdV

This chair is elsewhere alluded to as the 'Sella

Curulis.' The following bills in connexion with it

are still preserved by the Society : —

Sir Brownlow Sherrard, Bart.

1739. Debt to Elk a Haddock.

May ye 5. To a mahogany compass seat elboe chair,
covering do. with crimson velvet and
a mahogy pedestal to do. with castors . ^4 10 o

Received the full contents of this bill.

Per Elka Haddock.
and

Sir Brownlow Sherrard

Bought of John Atkinson and Co.
4§ yds. richest crimson Genoa velvet, z6s. . £5 1 3 9

The duties of Secretary and Treasurer had neces- The
sarily to be discharged for the Society from the secretary
beginning. In the history of the Dilettanti these JJjL*wr
offices have sometimes been united in the hands of one
member, and sometimes held separately. The office
of Treasurer (or Steward) was discharged at first by
Mr. Henry Harris ; that of Secretary from 1738 to
1 771 by Colonel George Gray. On February 7,
1 741, it was resolved

x8 History of the Society of Dilettanti

c That there be a proper dress for the Secretary of the Society for
the time being/

and on March 7 following,

1 That the dress of the Secretary be according to the dress of
Machiavelli the celebrated Florentine Secretary,'

and

c That Sr F. Dashwood and S* J. Gray do prepare the said dress
against the next meeting of the Society/

The High On March 7, 174^5 after the establishment of the
steward. General Fund, it was resolved

c That an officer be appointed with title of High Steward to
inspect the Oeconomy of the Society at their several meetings and to
collect the contributions of the members towards increasing the
general fund, and that in his absence he be empowered to appoint
a deputy by letter/

c Ordered that Mr. Harris be desired to except the office of high
steward which he accepted of/

At the same time it was resolved

c That a dress is thought necessary for the High Steward &
that the said dress be referred to the consideration of the
Committee/

It does not appear that this dress was ever decided
upon, though on April 4, 1 742, it was ordered

c That a short staff or Baton of Command be part of the High
Steward's mark of office/

c That Mr. High Steward Harris and Sr F. Dashwood do pre-
pare a proper baton of office for High Steward/

And on February j-, 174-2, it was resolved

c That it is the opinion of this Society that a small Bacchus
bestriding a Tun with a silver chain be wore by the Very High
Steward/

It had been ordered on May 1, 1743,

e That Mr. High Steward Harris has for future the Denomination
of Very High Steward/

The office of < Very High ' seems to have lapsed
for a time, for on February 1, 1778, it was ordered

c That the Office of Very High be Revived and that Mr. Banks

History of the Society of Dilettanti 29

be requested to accept the same. He accordingly accepted it to
the full extent of the original Institution of Ann. Non. Soc./

a dress being also suggested again to denote the
office.

On May 2, 1742, it was ordered

c That for the more decent Introduction of new members &
for other ceremonious purposes it is very necessary there shou'd be
appointed an Arch-Master of the Ceremonies/

and it was moved

* That the Right Honle. the Earl of Sandwich shou'd be
appointed Arch master of the Ceremonies, and He was accordingly
appointed and accepted of the said office/

On March tf, i74f, it was ordered

'That the Committee appointed for Thursday the ioth March
do take into consideration the manner of apparelling the Arch-
Master of the Society ' j

and on February ? , 1 74X it was resolved

'That a long Crimson Taffeta Robe full pleated with a rich
Hungarian cap and a long Spanish Toledo be the properest dress
to dignify the Arch-Master.'

The following bill is preserved among the archives
of the Society : —

Mr. Knapton.

Bt. of Ridley Tanner.

i Feb. ao yards and \ crimson sarsnet, at %s. 4^.
4 yards and \ gold figuered orris, at 5*.
4 yards scarlet cloth for the belt
To a crimson tassell etc. .
Making the dress
A scarlet cloth hussar's cap
1 March. A sword, gilding etc.,

4 yards crimson sarsnet, at is. 4^.
2 silk tasseels, cord, and binding
Altering the cap, fur, etc.,
Altering the dress

7
1

2
IO
IO

9
10

3
o

4
6
o
o

The Arch-
Master and
his insignia.

£9 o 11

30 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Received the above on March and, 1 74I-, in full for the above
bill £y 6. o. Geo. Knapton.

Buckle, 5s.

This seems to have excited the irrepressible levity
of Sandwich, for at the same time it was ordered

c That the Ld Sandwich the present Arch Master be suspended
from his office for his misbehaviour to and contempt of the Society,'

and

c That Sr Fra8 Dashwood be requested by the Presid* to accept
the office of Arch Master, which he did/

The Arch-master's dress was entrusted to Knapton,
the Painter, and to Dashwood ; and on May 1, 1748,
it was resolved

c That Mr. Savage be requested to accept of the Function of
Arch Master of the Ceremonies for the year Ensuing, and he
accepted it accordingly/

c That the Arch Master of the Ceremonies has Liberty to go to
any Creditable Masquerade in the Robes of his Office/

Lord Sandwich seems to have repented of his
misbehaviour, for on February y, 17^4, it was
resolved

6 That the thanks of the Society be returnd to Ld Sandwich
for his magnificent benevolence in presenting to the Society
a Baudrier embossd and embroiderd with Gold for the Decoration
of the Person of the Archmaster/

The office was at first elective, but on May <*, 17J0,
it was ordered

c That the President shall be empower'd to name an Arch
Master at every meeting who upon refusal to serve shall forfeit one
Guinea, but that the President shall not name the same Person
a second time till each member present has served or forfeited ' 5

and again on March 3, 17^, it was ordered

£ That the office of Arch-Master of the Ceremonies be executed
by Rotation, and that any member shall be excused serving upon
the forfeiture of half a Guinea ' j

History of the Society of Dilettanti 31

and eventually in December, 17 6 6y

cThat the youngest member present (provided he has been six
meetings of the Society) do act as Arch-Master or forfeit half-a-
guinea to the General Fund, and that then the next youngest
member do act, liable to the same forfeiture on non-compliance/

A few words are necessary concerning the so-called The
4 regalia ' of the Society. As has been stated before, ^ega!'ai
a minute-book was not kept until March tf, 1736, Tomb the
when the still existing series of red morocco volumes Bal/ot-Box,
was commenced. It was not until April 1, 1744, Seahand
that a separate vellum-bound book was provided n s an
for entering the minutes of the Committees of the
Society, which met for the transaction of business
on other days than those appointed for the dinners.
On March tf, 1736, when the regular minute-books
were first ordered, it was also ordered

c That a Box be made for the use of the Society/
and

c That the said box and the ornaments thereof be left to the
direction of Sr James Gray, which at the request of the Society he
consented to.'

On May 1, 1737, it was ordered

'That fifteen guineas be paid to Mr. Adye for carving and
ornamenting the Box, which was done accordingly out of the forfeit
money/

Mr. Thomas Adye was then appointed < Scultore
to this Society,' and it was also ordered

c That a Committee be appointed to meet on Sunday the 1 5th
of May to transfer Books, papers, and money from the old Box
to Bacchus's Tomb/

A balloting-box was ordered on the same occasion,
Mr. Knapton to provide the design and Mr. Adye
to execute it. On May 7, 1738, it is recorded that

c It is the opinion of this Society that the Tomb of Bacchus and
the Balloting- Box ought to be engraved on copperplates ' ;

gx History of the Society of Dilettanti

but this laudable desire does not appear to have been
carried out. On the same day it was ordered

c That the Lid of Bacchus's Tomb be ornamented and that the
Ornaments thereof be left to the Tast and direction of Mr. Knapton
and that the Tomb be left with him for that purpose ' ;

and

' That cases be made for the Tomb and Balloting-Box and that
the direction of the same be left to Mr. Knapton/

The following bill has been preserved : —

x7?5>* Jan* 7* The Honble. Society of Dely-tentos.

Dr. to Thos. Adey.

For carving the top of Bacchus' Tomb, with

sculpture and ornaments of fouldige . . £11110
For a case for the Balloting Box . . . 1 11 6

£ia 12 6 (sic)

Feb. 8. Reed, the Contents.

Per. Thos. Adey.

On April 1, 1739, xt was resolved

c That the thanks of this Society be returned to Mr. Ponsonby
for his great Generosity in presenting the Society with Ballotting
Balls and Bag/

The ornament for the top of Bacchus's Tomb, as
the box for containing the books of the Society was
henceforth called, was not executed till some time
after, for on April 1, 1744, it is recorded that

c Pursuant to an order of the Society of April Ann : Soc : Sex :
That an Ornament is necessary for the Top of Bacchus's Tomb,
Resolved that it is the opinion of the Society that a Bacchus is
a proper ornament for the same and that the Sculptor of the Society
be directed to execute/

The inspection of this was delegated to Sir John
Rawdon, Mr. Knapton, and Mr. Fauquier, ana on
February 3, i74|, there is recorded:

' Paid to Mr. Adye Ten guineas (out of the forfeit money) for

"BACCHUS'S TOMB"

History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 33

having gott executed the Bacchus for the top of the Tomb in Ivory
to the satisfaction of the Society/

A further adornment was subsequently deemed
necessary, for on December 7, 1767, it was proposed
and agreed,

c That as Bacchus's backside appeared bare, there should be some
covering provided for it/

Mr. Revett was therefore requested to prepare
a design, which was approved by the Society in
February, 1768, when it was resolved

£That Mr. Revett be desired to procure a model of the sd
design executed by Mr. Moser and to be produced to the Society
when finished/

It does not seem as if this was ever carried out,
for in April, 1780, it is recorded that

c Sr John Tayler having Presented to the Society by the Hands
of the Sec. a Bas Relivo in Ivory of Perseus and Andromeda,
orderd that the Thanks of the Soc. be given to Sr John Tayler
for his generous benefaction. A motion was made that Sr John
Tayler's benefaction seeming to be nine inches long be proper to be
applied to Bacchus's back — /

This application was entrusted to Mr. Stuart under
pain of a forfeit, but on amendment the name of
Mr. (afterwards Sir Joseph) Banks was substituted.
On May 4, 1740, it was resolved

'That it is necessary a publick Seal be made for the use of the
Society,'

and a committee was appointed to consider a proper
form and device for the said seal. On March 7, 1 74.1,

cThe Question being put to agree with the Committee in
a resolution that the Device of the Great Seal of the Society be
a Consular Figure in the chair with the Fasces and the inscription
Auctoritate Reipublicae it passed in the Negative,'

and it was ordered

c That the figures of Minerva and Apollo be the Device of the
Great Seal of the Society/

34 History of the Society of Dilettanti

On May 2, 1742, it is recorded

cThat it is the opinion of the committee that the drawing
of Apollo and Minerva produced by Sir Francis Dashwood bee the
proper Device for the great seal of the Society /

and it was ordered

c That the Motto for the said seal be either Virtus Dilectantium
or Cum Judicio Elegantia or Inter Utrumque tene or Seria Ludo/

and

' That Seria Ludo be the Motto/

The device of Sir Francis Dashwood appears, how-
ever, to have been abandoned in favour of another,
for a seal, well known to the Society afterwards as
the ' Medusa,' was ordered and purchased in March,
174J, although no record appears in the minutes.
The following bill, however, has been preserved : —

Delivered to Mr. Napton, from Jacob Dahomel, Jeweller.
March 23, 174.I :

A large seal of a Medusa's head in silver guilt
in the shape of a Mercurs cape and a caducea
for the handle of the seal : the cutting of
the stone and Jewellers' work and silver comes
to two guineas and a half .... £z 12 6

The carving or chacer work comes to a guinea

and a half £1 i\ 6

The guilding and the chagrin casse . . £1 1 o

£l ? 0

Received of the Society of Dilettanti the contents in full.
6th Jan. Geo. Knapton.

A silver standish or inkstand was procured for
the Society in April, 1742, by Mr. William Bristow
at a cost of twenty guineas, repaid him in the
following March. This inkstand was presented to
Sir Henry Englefield, Bart., on February 18, 1822,
when he resigned the office of Secretary.
Dining The dinners were paid for by a collection among

practices.

IVORY RELIEF

Let into the back of " Bacchus' s Tomb

History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 35-

the members present, the price being fixed at first at
5*/. per head. The sum then collected went to pay
the cost of the dinner next ensuing. If this sum
proved insufficient for the purpose, the deficit was
supplied from the general fund. A forfeit of 1 os. 6d.
was inflicted for non-attendance of members ' if in
the kingdom and neglecting to send an excuse.'
Forfeits were also inflicted for the breach of the
following regulations, as recorded in the minutes : —

c April 1767. Ordered that any member who quits the Room
before the Bill is paid without first obtaining leave from the
President do pay the sum of £i i. o. to the General Fund.'

'April 1770. Resolved that any Member drinking to another
during the Time of Dinner and the Member so drank to accepting
the Compliment each of them to pay half-a-crown to ye General
Fund.'

Under this regulation in March, 1779,

f Mr Langlois being convicted of hob or nobbing with Sr Richd
Worsley was find .... o: a : 6. Sr Richd not having acknowledgd
the receipt of the said comp* was allowed to be innocent and
of course not fineable.5

'Feb. i, 1778. Ordered that every Member who shall produce
upon the Table a Dish of Tea or Coffee do pay to the Gen. Fund
of this Society one guinea for every such Dish/

On May 2, 1779,

c Mr Greville having producd a dish of Coffee upon the Table
incurrd the Penalty of one guinea but refused to pay it/

On December tf, 1778, it is also recorded that

c Ld Sandwich and Mr. Banks having calld this respectable
Society by the disrespectful name of Club were find a bumper each
which they drank with all proper humility. Lord Mulgrave do. do/

c Ld Sandwich having again calld the Society by the dis-
respectful name of Club was again find a bumper and again
respectfully submitted/

Afterwards a fine of one guinea (reduced at a later
date to half a crown) was inflicted for this crime.
The following fine was ordered in January, 1780, viz. :

* That any Member who shall make a motion in the Society

d a

3 6 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti

which motion is not seconded by some other Member then present
do pay the sum of half-a-guinea into the Gen. Fund.'

Convivial The second of the ordinances above quoted was
excesses. 0f some importance. Hard drinking was very much
in fashion at the time, and much drunkenness was
caused by the habit of friends toasting each other,
often in bumpers, the compliment being one which
it was considered an insult to decline. The reproach
of convivial excess is one which the early members
of the Society of Dilettanti neither could nor would
have chosen to disclaim. Their reputation for it
is shown by Horace Walpole's sneer in a letter
to Sir Horace Mann on April 14, 1743, where he
says of the Dilettanti that <■ the nominal qualification
is having been in Italy, and the real one, being
drunk : the two chiefs are Lord Middlesex and
Sir Francis Dashwood, who were seldom sober the
whole time they were in Italy.' Walpole's delicate
constitution made it impossible to indulge in these
excesses ; arid in later years he became a martyr
to gout without, as it seems, having done anything to
deserve it. That the drunkenness of the time some-
times led to an open scandal is shown by the story
of the Calves' Head Club. On January 30, 1734,
a party of young men, seven of whom (Harcourt,
Middlesex, Boyne, Sewallis Shirley, Strode, Denny,
and Sir James Gray) were members of the Dilettanti,
met to celebrate the birthday of one of the company
present by a dinner at the White Eagle Tavern
in Suffolk Street. The disorder caused by their
drunken revels attracted a crowd, who were led to
believe that the dinner was held to commemorate
the execution of Charles I on that day, and that
a calf's head had been served at table by way
of ridicule. A bonfire was lit, and on the diners

THE BALLOT BOX

History of the Society of Dilettanti 37

appearing at the windows they were stoned by the
mob, in spite of their protestations of fidelity to
the Government and the king. It ended in a riot,
stirred up by a Catholic priest, which the newspapers
converted into an event of historical importance.
At the committee meetings of the Dilettanti Society,
which were held under circumstances of less ceremony
than the ordinary meetings, a high pitch of con-
viviality seems to have prevailed, for on February 1 8,
1 74^, it is recorded that

* The Committee growing a little noisy and drunk and seeming
to recollect that they are not quite sure whether the Report of the
Committee signed by Chairman and Toast-master Holdernesse
may not be so intelligible to the Society as the meaning of the
Committee have intended, etc., etc/

That the hard drinking of the time was not de-
leterious to life seems proved by the fact that of the
original members of the Society all, with but two
or three exceptions, lived to be well into the second
half-century of life. The resolution of April, 1770,
against health-drinking was repealed by a minute of
February 13, 1791.

c The Resolution of April Ann. Soc. Trig. Sept. declaring " that
every member who drinks to another or accepts the Comp* of being
drank to during Dinner shall forfeit half a Crown " was taken into
consideration & after due deliberation being had it appearing
that little or no income had arisen from the infraction of this Rule
it was unanimously resolvd that it be rescinded & that in Future
members be at Liberty to drink to each other, & thank each other
for the compliment without incurring any Penalty/

The general toasts originally proposed and adopted roasts.
by the Society were Viva la Virtu, Grecian Taste and
Roman Spirit, and Absent Members. To these was
added by a minute of March 7, 174^, Esto praeclara3
esto perpetua. On March 29, 1789, it was resolved
to add the toast of The King to precede all others.
This addition was, no doubt, due to the outburst of

Election
practices :
qualifica-
tion^

admission^
abdication.

38 History of the Society of "Dilettanti

loyalty which took place when the king resumed his
authority, after his recovery from his first attack of
insanity,on March 1 o of the same year. A toast hardly
tending to edification was enjoined on the committee
meetings by a resolution of March 19, 1786.

New members were proposed and seconded to the
dinners and elected by ballot. The regulation was

c That no Person can be proposed to be admitted of this Society
but by a Member who has been personally acquainted with him or
her in Italy and at their request/

and

c that no Person propos'd can be admitted but by the Consent of
more than three fourths of the Company present by Ballot.'

The first resolution was quaintly modified in March,
1 747, by a resolution

'That it is the opinion of the Society that Avignon is in Italy,'
and

' That no other town in France is in Italy/

Avignon was a great centre for English travellers,
the Duke of Ormonde having established a colony
of Jacobite exiles there. The member in question
seems to have been the Honourable Captain Edg-
cumbe, proposed by the Duke of Bedford, who,
1 having passed the Gutt or Streights? was duly
elected. On January rf, 1747, ** was moved by
Lord Sandwich, and carried nem. con. —

c That leave be given to any member of the Society Residing in
Italy to propose Members by Letters, to be Balloted for as if
present/

c Resolv'd Nem. Con. that this order be pass'd into a Law/

This was to enable Sir James Gray, then Secretary
to the Embassy and afterwards British Resident at
Venice, to secure members for the Society, so to
speak, on the wing. In April, 1777, it was
resolved

History of the Society of Dilettanti 39

c That all who can give proof of their having been ever out
of the King's Dominions, shall hereafter be deem'd sufficient
Candidates and may be elected Members of the Society ' ;

but in April, 17^4, this resolution was erased as
contrary to the original spirit and meaning of the
Society, and the original rule was further amended
by the resolution to substitute, for the words
following 'this Society,' the words —

c Who cannot bring sufficient proof of his having been in Italy,
or upon some other Classic Ground out of the King's Dominions
and at his own request/

Early in 1742 it was considered necessary that a
diploma or parchment instrument, with the great
seal of the Society affixed, should accompany the
admission of members. On February 4, 174J, it
was resolved

c That it is the opinion of the Society that the Form of an
Instrument for the Admission of Members be as follows : —
To the Highly Favoured —

We the most Illustrious and vertuous Society of the Dilettanti
do hereby inform you to take your place in our most august
assembly. , President/

And on April 1, 1744,

c That it is the opinion of the Society that a Committee of seven
of the most antient members of this Society be appointed to sign
the Diplomas to all those who are now members, and that the
Presid* do sign all those for the time to come/

New members were obliged to take their seats
within the next six meetings of the Society, and
their introduction was conducted by the Arch-
Master with ceremonies partaking to some extent
of a masonic character. Resignation, whether
voluntary or incurred through inadvertent neglect
of the rules and usages of the Society, was styled
abdication, and a member was said to have abdicated
under the rule —

'That every Member who neglects to Come or Write Six

40 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Meetings successively be looked upon as no longer a Member of
this Society and his Name be Struck out of the List accordingly/

The following minutes tell the story of the early
attempts of the Society to keep inviolate the honour
of being a member of the Dilettanti :

'April i, 1739. Resolved that to prevent difficulties which
may arise from the appearance of any former members after
abdication the officiating Secretary be directed to advise them
of their neglect according to the following form : —

Sr — You having neglected to write or attend the Society

of the Dilettanti as their Laws require I am ordered

to acquaint you that you are no longer a member

thereof.

' Resolved that any new elected member who shall not appear at

the Society within six meetings, the day of election inclusive, shall

be excluded.

'Resolved that in case any person elected does not make his
appearance within the time before limited the person who proposed
him shall be obliged to pay the forfeitures incurred by his non
attendance/

' March 2, 1 74.0. Ordered that one hundred Copies of the Letter
notifying Exclusion be printed in Italicks/

' April 1, 1744. Ordered that a printed Letter of Admonition
sign'd by the secretary be sent to those members who have missed
three times successively coming to the Gen11 Meeting/

'May zf, 174.4.. Ordered that the following form should be
used in the Letter of Admonition : —

This is to inform you that you have neglected to
attend or write your excuse to the Society of Dilet-
tanti for three successive meetings, and that upon a
fourth omission you will be no longer a member thereof.
Resolved that this form be neither engraved, written, nor printed/
' April 7, 174.5-. Resolved that when any member shall abdicate,
a memorandum of the sum in which he shall then stand indebted
to the Society be added by the Secretary as a Postscript at the
bottom of the Letter/

'April 5, 1747. The Society agreed with the Committee in
their Resolution That the Debts of those members who have
abdicated be examined into, and that a statement of the Debt
of each particular abdicated member be sent forthwith with a most
vehement Exhortation to them to pay their debts so fairly con-
tracted and so unjustly detained/

'March 4, iffx* Ordered that any member who does not

History of the Society of Dilettanti 41

make his personal appearance at the Society with in the space
of two years (it* in Great Britain) be excluded to commence from
the first Sunday in December next.5

'April 6y 1 7 5 7. Resolved that all Persons who have ever been
members of the Society may upon application at any of the
meetings of the Society on or before the meeting in May 1758
be re-admitted and considered as new-elected members/

'April 1, 1764. Ordered that any Person who has been
a member of the Society and is re-elected shall on his re-election
pay all the Debts incurred and due to the Society at the time of
his Exclusion or that he shall be excused on payment of Ten
Guineas/

'Jan. 23, 1780. Orderd that the Secretary shall in future when
any member shall have incurrd « forfeits write him a letter
notifying to him the danger of Abdication in which he stands and
that he be allowd to incur two more forfeits before his abdication
be considered as compleat/

' That a year of Grace be allowd to all who have abdicated
during which year they may return to & again take their places
in the Society without a re-election/

With reference to the committees of the Society, commit-
it was resolved on April 7, i745\ tees and

quorums.
' That a number not less than five do constitute all Committees

of this Society,'

and in March, 1747, it was ordered

' That nine members shall be deen/d a suff* number to Transact
the common Business of the Society viz: Receiving and paying
and putting out money to Interest and Electing of Members, But
that no number less than twelve shall be empower' d to alter any
of the Standing Laws/

CHAPTER III

Miscellaneous activities of the Society: the West-
minster Bridge Lottery — Foundation of General
Fund: building schemes — The Cavendish Square
site — Its abandonment and the financial result —
Promotion of the Italian opera — Middlesex and
Vanneschi — Schemes for an Academy of Arts —
Mr. Dingleys plan — Communications with Haymans
Committee of Fainter s — Fhe Society's plan —
Collapse of negotiations — Foundation of the I{oyal
Academy : its relations with the Dilettanti — Proposal
to form a gallery of casts from the antique —
Revival of the building scheme — Suggested sites:
the Green Park — The Star and Garter — Camelford
House — Final abandonment of building scheme —
Increasing riches of the Society — Face-money: J^ule
Ann. Soc. 'Undec. — Other sources of income — Incidental
records.

Miscel- r" ~^HE earliest recorded transaction of the Society
laneous of Dilettanti relates to the lottery for the

tfZ?" new bridge over tne Thames at Westminster.

society: This lottery was a scheme initiated by Sir Robert
the West- Walpole in order to defray the cost of constructing
mmster tne new bridge. An Act of Parliament was passed
iltury. m I7$6 to sanction the lottery, and commissioners
were appointed to manage it. The scheme was
not very successful, although it was taken up by

History of the Society of Dilettanti 43

the public with their usual reckless impetuosity
in such matters ; and Walpole had to bear the
brunt of the complaints which came from those
who were disappointed or dissatisfied. Numerous
satirical prints were published on the matter.
There seems to have been more than one drawing
of the first lottery, and a second was begun in
December, 1740. The Dilettanti, many of whom
had no doubt been individually responsible for
helping to start the scheme, were early in the field
in a corporate capacity. On May 2, 1736, it was
resolved (and this is the first resolution standing in
their minute-books)

c That it is the opinion of this Society, that the proposal for
a subscription to the Lottery for the intended Bridge is worthy the
consideration of the Dilettanti and accordingly have agreed to
subscribe two Guineas and a half each in case the same is agreed
to at the next meeting. Harcourt, President/

The sum of £112 17s. 6d. was thus raised by
subscription, and the list of members who either
subscribed or else were absent at the moment gives
for the first time the names of those who have been
since regarded as the original members of the Society.
On May id, 1 7 3 6", it was resolved

'That Mr. Harris be desired by the Society of Dilettanti to
take upon himself the office of Treasurer of the Lottery Money.
That he be impowered to lay out in Lottery tickets one hundred
& seven guineas & one half, for the use of the said Society-
and whatever deficiencys may remain upon the Collection of the
Subscription, shall be made up out of the money contributed towards
the next year's Dinners, which money he is hereby permitted to
make use of* but at the same time, desired to write to so many
Members as have not subscribed, or not paid in their money, if
subscribed/

Also it was ordered

c That Mr. Harris shall transmit to Sr Fra's Dashwood the number
of tickets bought with one hundred and twelve pounds seventeen

44- History of the Society of "Dilettanti

shillings and sixpence with the respective numbers of the said
purchased tickets. L. Pilkington, Presid*/

Eleven additional subscriptions were subsequently-
paid in, leaving Mr. Harris with £123 7s. 6d. to
invest in lottery tickets, and eventually twenty-
seven tickets were purchased at £\ iij\ each from
Richard Shergold, whose lottery office is stated in
an advertisement of the London Daily Post^ January
23, 1740, to have been at the Union Coffee House
over against the Royal Exchange, Cornhill. Three
of these twenty-seven tickets won prizes, and in
March, 173^, the following entry was made in the
minutes : —

'Received of Mr. Harris £4.4. 8*. od. for three prizes zt £11
4*. od. each and for 24 blanks at ys. each/

It will thus be seen that the venture was not very
profitable. When the second lottery was started in
1740 it was resolved, on May 4,

1 That thirty-nine pounds eighteen shillings and sixpence be
paid to Mr. Treasurer Harris out of the Lottery Money, for the
use of the Society, in the Adventure of the present Bridge Lottery/

And it was ordered

' That Mr Harris shall transmit to Mr Comptroller Boone the
Number of Tickets bought with thirty-nine pounds eighteen shillings
& sixpence with the respective numbers of the sd purchased
tickets/

Eight tickets were purchased with this money, two
of which gained prizes of £20 and £10 each at the
drawing in March, i74f. This venture was more
successful than the last, but on December 7, 1740,
it was ordered

{ That a Committee of the whole Society be appointed to meet
on Tuesday the 17th instant to enquire into the Conduct of
Mr. Treasurer Harris and Mr. Comptroller Boone in respect to
the purchasing of Lottery Tickets, and that they have power to
call for Books, papers, etc. Duncannon/

o
6

4*
35>

z
6

6
I1

8
o

£l%

History of the Society of Dilettanti 45-

The result of this inquiry, if held, has not been
preserved. A statement made by Colonel George
Gray, the Secretary to the Society, just previous to
the drawing of the last lottery gives an interesting
record of the finances of the Society in 1740 and

I741-

Ann. Soc. Sept. £ s. d.

In the Lottery Box the first meeting . . . zj 9 8
Money arising from Profits ....
Overplus of Dinner Money for Ann. Sext.

In Cash, exclusive of Dinner Money for Ann. Oct.
Paid to Mr. Harris for Lottery Tickets .

Remaining in Lottery Box
Thirty subscriptions for Dinners for the next year,

I7+I

Total Cash .

From this it will be seen that the ventures of the
Society in the lottery were attended with great
risk, reducing their cash in hand to £6 us. %d.
Had they been unsuccessful altogether, the Society
might have had no further history, and might have
distinguished itself by none of those achievements
with which its name was subsequently to be
connected. The original members were not, how-
ever, prophets or clairvoyants, and the idea of
making any practical use of their meetings and
their funds had not as yet entered their heads.

The experience thus gained from the Westminster foundation
Bridge Lottery led to a very important resolution °fGeneral
on March 7, i74|j that %%J„g

c The Words " Lottery Money," placed on the fourth partition schemes.
of the Treasure be removed, and the Words " General Fund "
placed in their room/

It was at the same time ordered

c That a Building be erected or procured for the more honourable
and commodious reception of the Society/

46 History of the Society of Dilettanti

c That a Voluntary Subscription be made by every Member of the
Society not exceeding five guineas nor less than one guinea/

'That the General Fund be appropriated and made sacred to
the sole use of erecting or procuring Building, etc/

e That an officer be appointed with title of High Steward, etc/
(see page a 8).

c That Mr. Harris be desired and empowered to ask and collect
the voluntary Contribution not under one guinea nor exceeding
five guineas for the erecting or procuring a Building for the more
Honourable and Commodious reception of the Society as he
occasionally sees them/

On May i, 1743, it was resolved

c That four Commissioners be appointed to look out for a proper
spot to build a Room. The Commissioners Lord Middlesex, S*
James Gray, Mr. Boone, Mr. Very High Steward Harris and a
fifth added Sr Francis Dashwood/

Active steps towards this scheme do not appear
to have been taken till May 3, 1747, when a com-
mittee of thirteen members (five being a quorum)
was appointed

'To enquire and treat for a proper place and ground for the
Erecting the Building intended for the Reception of the Society,*

and empowered to purchase ground for a sum not
exceeding £300 or the value of that in annual rent.
The thirteen members chosen were Sir Francis Dash-
wood, the Duke of Bedford, Mr. Gray, Mr. Fauquier,
Mr. Boyle, Sir H. Liddell, the Earl of Holdernesse,
the Earl of Middlesex, Mr. Harris, Mr. Howe, Lord
Duncannon, Mr. Boone, and Mr. Brand, and to this
number were subsequently added the Earl of Bles-
sington, Mr. Knapton, Mr. Berkeley, Mr. Shirley,
Sir A. Calthorpe, Mr. Villiers, and Mr. Mackye.
The caven- This committee decided on a site in Cavendish
dish Square 5quare? which was purchased by the Society from
the Duke of Chandos at a cost of £400, the in-
creased expenditure being sanctioned by a minute
of December 6y 174.7. The ground was situated

History of the Society of Dilettanti 47

on the north side of the square, between the houses
of the Earl of Abercorn and Sir Richard Lyttelton.
The ground was levelled, enclosed with a wall de-
signed by Colonel George Gray, who was an amateur
architect himself, and eight large elms and six horse-
chestnut trees were planted on the north side
of the square. Over two hundred pounds' worth
of Portland stone was purchased and deposited on
the spot, the foundations were actually dug out,
and an additional piece of waste ground behind
Lady Abercorn's house was rented, apparently from
Sir Richard Lyttelton, in order to afford a back
entrance into the Society's premises. On May 3,
1 7 j 2, a resolution was passed

e That it is the opinion of the Society that it would be adviseable
to come to a Resolution to fix upon some Antique Building as
a model for that intended by the Society according to the most
exact proportions & measurements that can be procured, this with
a view to prevent the numberless difficulties that may come in
fixing upon any new modern Plan as such an undertaking when
finished must amuse the curious and having bten approv'd for
many ages must naturally put a stop to all supercilious Criticisms/

On May d, 17^3, the Society agreed with the com-
mittee in their resolution

c That the Temple of Pola be taken as a model for the intended
Building and that a Plan or Elevation according to that model be
forthwith directed to be prepared that it may be carried into
immediate execution/

Sir Francis Dashwood, Mr. Howe, Mr. Dingley,
another member who dabbled in architecture and
designed the Magdalen Hospital, and Colonel Gray
were appointed a committee to carry out the above
resolution. The choice of the Temple at Pola was
probably due to the drawings by James Stuart and
Nicholas Revett, which had been taken there in
175-0, and doubtless submitted to Sir James Gray
at Venice (see below, p. 76).

4-8 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Its aban-
donment
and the
financial
result.

The whole project, however, seems to have been
abandoned by April d, i7?6> the Society resolving

c That a Committee be appointed to meet and that they have
full Powers to treat with the best purchaser, that shall offer, and
dispose of the Ground in Cavendish Square to ye best Bidder, but
that the said ground be not disposed of for any sum under ;£i8oo
besides the full value of the stone, and that three be a Quorum
provided that Sr Fra8 Dash wood or Col. Gray be one, and that
the sd Committee have power of vesting the purchase money in
the publick Funds for the use of the Society/

The land was valued at £2,200, and the com-
mittee in May, i7y<*, was instructed not to dispose
of it for less than £2,400, c if such a sum is offer'd
during the course of the summer.' Such an offer
does not appear to have been made, for on May 1,
1 7 j 7, it was ordered

c That Sir Francis Dashwcod and Colonel Gray dispose of the
Ground before the next meeting for the best sum that they
can get,'

and

c That the sd purchase money when receiv'd be vested in Bank
Annuities/

It was not, however, till May, 17^9, that the follow-
ing order was signed by the members present : —

c At the General Meeting of this Society it is this day ordered
that Sr Fran8 Dashwood Bar* in whose name the Land in
Cavendish Square was lately purchased of the most Noble Henry
Duke of Chandois and his Trustees, in Trust for the use of this
Society Do sell and dispose of the same and all the said Society's
interest therein unto George Forster Tufnell Esq* and his Heirs for
the sum of ;£i8oo — which sum he the said Sr Fran8 Dashwood is
hereby authorized and required to receive and to give a sufficient
Receipt or other discharge to the said Purchaser for the same.
Ordered that the said ;£i8oo together with the produce of the
General Fund be laid out in Gouvernment Securitys in the names
of Sr Fran" Dashwood and Col. George Grey for the use of the
Society/

It is not clear why the Society so suddenly

History of the Society of Dilettanti 49

abandoned its plan of erecting a Temple of Pola
in Cavendish Square. So keen had the members
been about the scheme a few years earlier, that they
had passed a resolution in April, 1749,

'That any member who proposes to alienate any part of the
Gen11 Fund to different purposes than for which it was established,
viz*, towards procuring or erecting a Building for the more com-
modious and honourable reception of the Society shall be declared
an Enemy to the Society and that on no account any disposition
shall be made of any sum appropriated to the sd Fund except on
the day of a Gen11 call of the whole Society/

Nay more, — a further subscription to a special Build-
ing Fund was started at the same date, headed by
a subscription of £20 from Dash wood and various
sums from other members of the Society, the minimum
being five guineas. It may have been the rapid rise in
value of the land in Cavendish Square which led to
the decision to part with it, for on the whole the
Society came well out of the affair, since after defray-
ing all the expenses and selling the Portland stone,
the Society was left with a clear profit of/i,od 311/. yd.
This sum, added to that specially subscribed and to
the General Fund, placed the Society in possession
of capital from about £3,000 to £4,000. An attempt
was made in April, 1756^ to secure a room in Mon-
tague House, presently to be occupied by the British
Museum, or else in Somerset House ; but this proving
unsuccessful, the idea of establishing the Society in
a building of its own seems to have lapsed for the
next five years, and the Society resumed its ordinary
meetings at the Star and Garter Tavern in Pall Mall.

Meanwhile the Society had given other proofs Promotwi
that its members intended themselves to be con- °fthf
sidered as leaders and arbiters of public taste. On lt* lan

* opera,

March 6, 1 741, it was resolved

' That a Committee of the whole Society do meet at the Star

5"o History of the Society of Dilettanti

Middlesex

and

Vanneschi.

and Garter on Thursday the ioth of March to consider of the
Proposals made to the Society in regard to the carrying on of
Operas for the next season & if the scheme be found practicable
that the Committee have full power to transact the affair with the
Propostr the same as if a Society ' ;

and it was further resolved, on April 3 following,

c That it is the opinion of this Society that the scheme for carry-
ing on of Operas is highly worthy of the Countenance of the Society
of Dilettanti, that the Society is sensible by the number of
subscriptions already obtained amounting in the whole to at least
150 that the scheme is likely to be brought into effect (by which
it is the opinion of this Society that great Emolumts must
redound to the Society) and therefore it is most earnestly recom-
mended by the Society the taking the most vigorous measures for
the putting this scheme into immediate Execution especially as
by the nature of the thing and the necessity of giving an answer to
the Performers it can admit of no delay/

This motion of the Society of Dilettanti was
obviously due to the Earl of Middlesex, who was
a great supporter of the Italian opera, and had
in 1 741 himself taken the King's Theatre in the
Haymarket, which he, as director and impresario,
opened on October 31 of that year. This was
in direct competition with the Italian opera as
directed by Handel and Heidegger, and led to
Handel's quitting London for Ireland, almost ruined
by opera, but with the newly written score of The
Messiah in his coat-pocket.

Middlesex engaged a new company of Italian artists,
with the celebrated Galuppi as conductor, Monticelli
as first male soprano, Amorevoli as tenor,
Visconti as first female soprano, and the Abbe'
Vanneschi as general manager. Horace Walpole writes
to Sir Horace Mann on November y, 1741 ; —

'Here is another letter, which I am entreated to send you,
from poor Amorevoli : he has a continued fever, though not a high
one. Yesterday Monticelli was taken ill, so there will be no opera
on Saturday, nor on Tuesday. Monticelli is infinitely admired,

History of the Society of Dilettanti 5-1

next to Farinelli. The Viscontina is admired more than liked.
The music displeases everybody, and the dances. I am quite un-
easy about the opera, for Mr. Conway is one of the directors, and
I tear they will lose considerably, which he cannot afford. There
are eight, Lord Middlesex, Lord Holdernesse, Mr. Frederick, Lord
Conway, Mr. Conway, Mr. Damer, Mr. Brook and Mr. Brand.
The five last are directed by the three first ; they by the first, and
he by the Abbe Vanneschi, who will make a pretty sum/

On April 14, 1 743, Walpole writes again to Mann :

c There is a new subscription formed for an opera next year to
be carried on by the Dilettanti, a club, for which the nominal
qualification is having been in Italy, and the real one, being drunk.'

This is the subscription recorded as above in the
minutes of the Society, but it does not appear to
have come to anything, for no operas were given
at the Haymarket Theatre from June, 1744, to
January, 1746. From that date it was carried on
fitfully under Middlesex's direction for about ten
years, after which period, what with the whims,
squabbles, and ailments of the performers, the in-
difference of the public, and the reckless extravagance
of Middlesex and Vanneschi, the whole scheme came
to grief, and Vanneschi found himself in the Fleet
prison.

Soon after this somewhat ineffectual attempt Schemes for
of the Dilettanti to guide the public into a taste *»^cademy
for Italian music, a scheme of a more important °*
and very different nature came before their
notice : namely, that for founding an Academy
of Arts in London similar to those existing in
Rcme, Bologna, and other cities on the Continent.
The drawing academy which already existed in
St. Martin's Lane was entirely in the hands of a
committee of artists, who had no wish to enlarge
its scope. The Dilettanti evidently aimed at the
foundation of a new institution on a broader basis,

E 2

5*1 History of the Society of Dilettanti

and including some of those social elements which

they themselves represented.
Mr. At a committee meeting held at the King's Arms,

Dinghy s pa[j[ Mall, on February 18, 1748, the members
* an' present being Lord Holdernesse, Lord Duncannon,

Sir Francis Dashwood, Mr. Fauquier, Mr. Berkeley,

Major Gray, Mr. Gell, and Mr. Dingley,

cMr. Dingley laid his scheme before the Committee which after
having examined Resolved That it is the opinion of this Committee
That it is highly worthy the Consideration of the particular
members of the Society and recommend it as a scheme that
deserves all encouragement.

' Resolved That it is the opinion of this Committee whenever
Mr. Dingley's or any other scheme for an Academy shall take
place to show their readiness to promote and encourage such
scheme.

* That the Society of Dilettanti do give ten pounds per ann. out
of their General Fund for the second best Performances in the
three different Branches mention'd in the said scheme.

'Holdernesse, Chairman/

This was the meeting to which allusion has already
been made (p. 37), and at which a postscript was
added to the effect that

' The Committee growing a little noisy and drunk and seeming
to recollect that they are not quite sure whether the Report of the
Committee signed by Chairman and Toast-master Holdernesse
may not be so intelligible to the Society as the meaning of the
Committee have intended, that there should be inserted after the
word "encourage " and before the word " such," " having premiums
assd." and after the word " that " and before the word " the " the
word " then " be inserted and that the words " the n and " said "
before the word "scheme" be expunged and the words "Mr.
Dingley's " be inserted. Resolved in the negative/

The precise nature of the scheme proposed by the
versatile Mr. Dingley has not been recorded. A too
adventurous bark, amply christened at its launching,
it seems to have promptly foundered in port.

However, the desire of the Dilettanti to promote

History of the Society of Dilettanti $3

some such scheme seems to have got abroad, for
on February 2, i7ffy

CA Paper from Mr. Newton secretary to the Committee of
Painters directed to the President was deliver'd to them by Colonel
Gray and read accordingly/

This paper accompanied an introductory discourse Communka-

and plan of an Academy for the Improvement of ttons ****

Arts in General, and was drawn up by the select com- rSmStn

mittee of painters, statuaries, architects, engravers, &c, of Painters.

which had originally met at the Turk's Head Tavern,

Gerrard Street, Soho, with Francis Hayman in the

chair, on November 13, 17^3 ; a momentous date in

the history of British art. The concluding paragraph

of the said discourse contains a distinct reference

and appeal to the Society of Dilettanti, as follows : —

c As then the undertaking is of a public nature ; as the expense
to the public will be inconsiderable in comparison to the
advantages to be expected from it; as a distinguished set of
Noblemen and Gentlemen, long ago convinced of the necessity
of such a plan, set apart a sum of money to be applied to a
similar use, when opportunity shall offer; as pecuniary rewards
have been offered by another society of Noblemen and Gentlemen,
to stimulate and encourage young beginners ; and as no founda-
tion however narrow in its views and purposes whatsoever, has
ever yet wanted patrons and benefactors, it would become
criminal even to suppose a possibility that such an one as this
would be suffered to perish in the birth for want of assistance only.'

On March 2, 1757, it was resolved

c That it is the opinion of the Society that a Letter be wrote to
the Members of the Academy of Painting &c, to return them
thanks for the particular regard shown in their application to them
as a Body and to every member respectively and that as soon as
the proposed scheme is brought to any maturity and a Charter
obtain'd they will be ready to give them all the assistance that
shall be in their power. (Bedford, president.)'

On April tf, 175T, a letter from the Academy of
Painters, &c, signed by the Gentlemen of the said
Academy, among whom James Stuart and Nicholas

5"4- History of the Society of Dilettanti

Revett were also members of the Dilettanti, was
read. The contents were as follows : —

' Gentlemen of the Dilettanti Society.

' May it please you to accept the sincere acknowledgments
of us the Committee of Painters, Statuaries, Architects, etc., for
the condescending Resolution passed in our favour, and com-
municated to us by Colonel Gray, as also to permit us, in the
most respectful manner, to represent, that in consequence of the
encouragement derived to us from it, we have entertained thoughts
of enlarging the plan of our Charter, so as to make room for the
reception of a number of Members not of the professions above
specified, to assist conjointly with us in directing and governing
the Royal Academy, of which we are now soliciting the establish-
ment; and that we should think ourselves highly honoured and
extremely happy in receiving the number which may be proposed
out of your Society ; to which we are also desirous to submit the
nomination of our first President ; being persuaded that with your
countenance and assistance we cannot fail to obtain the counten-
ance and assistance of the public. But then we beg leave to add,
that, such an alteration in our original plan making it absolutely
necessary to have a suitable alteration in our Charter, it will be
out of our power to bring it to an issue as required, till your pleasure
with regard to this is made known to us.
c We are, Gentlemen,

c Your most obliged and most devoted humble Servants,
F. Hayman J. Gwyn Robt. Taylor

Chas. Grignion G. M. Moser Wm. Hoare

Thos. Hudson Sam. Wale L. F. Roubilliac

George Lambert Ric. Yco Thos. Carter

Samuel Scott R*. Strange James Stuart

Richd. Dalton G. Hamilton

Fr. Milr. Newton Isc. Ware

J. Reynolds John Astlcy

Hy. Cheere Nicolas Revett

John Pine Thomas Sandby

'April!, 17^/

After reading this letter it was resolved

1 That the consideration of the said Letter be referr'd to the
General Meeting in May/

and

'That Col. Gray be desir'd to inform himself from the Academy
of Painters etc., of their scheme for a Royal Academy and the

History of the Society of Dilettanti 57

purport of their intended Charter, which he is requested to produce
at the next general meeting ' ;

and

'That an extraordinary and General Committee be appointed to
meet on Sunday the 20th of April to consider of the proposition
of the Academy of Painters etc., and that Circular Letters be sent.'

At the committee meeting of the Dilettanti on The Society's
April 20 the following resolutions were passed, and &*•
adopted by the general meeting of the Society in
May following: —

' That it is the opinion of that Committee That the President
of the intended Royal Academy be all wayes and annually chosen
out of the Society of Dilettanti.'

'That all the members of the Dilettanti be members of the
Academy, but that only twelve of the Senior members Present
at the meeting shall have votes/

' That any artist may be chosen a Member of the Academy, but
that only twelve of the Artists to be chosen annually out of their
Body shall have votes, and that upon an equality of Votes the
President shall have a second vote. e Sandwich? chairman/

In the minutes of the same meeting it is recorded that

' A printed paper of a scheme for a Royal Academy * being read
to the Society it was agreed that Colonel Gray be desired to obtain
one of the said printed papers from the author and to enclose the
same in a letter to the Society of painters acquainting them that the
Society of the Dilettanti approve of that as a groundwork to proceed
upon tho5 liable to alterations, and to desire their opinion thereupon
and report the same at the next meeting of the Dilettanti in Dec/

No mention of such a report occurs in the minutes

of the Society for December, i7ff'y but the following

was addressed to the Society by the Committee of

Painters on December 3 o : —

' To the Noblemen and Gentlemen of the Dilettanti Society.
We, the Committee of Painters, Sculptors, and Architects, beg
leave to remind the Honourable Dilettanti Society of two Resolu-
tions of theirs ; the one signed by His Grace the Duke of Bedford,
encouraging us to proceed with our design of preparing and
soliciting a Charter for the establishment of a Royal Academy ;

1 Perhaps Mr. Dinglcy's scheme.

$6 History of the Society of Dilettanti

and the other by the Earl of Sandwich, Chairman of the Committee,
for considering our proposals in relation thereto : assuring us that
their determination thereon should be communicated to us; as also
to intimate in the most respectful manner, that the sooner we can
be favoured with the said determination, the more a favour we shall
esteem it, — it appearing to us as highly unbecoming to proceed in an
affair once laid before them, till we have been made acquainted
with their sentiments upon it.
i We are, Gentlemen,

c Your most obliged and most devoted humble Servants,
F. Hayman G. M. Moser Jas. Paine

Robt. Taylor Saml. Scott Frs. Milner Newton

Saml. Wale Thos. Carter C. Grignion.'

J. Gwyn J. Reynolds

Collapse of There is no record in the minutes to show that
negottatmis. this letter was ever submitted to the Society, or of
any further communication with the Society of
Painters on the subject. The Society of Dilettanti
seems at first sight to have been rather high-handed
in passing the resolutions detailed above, which were
hardly consonant with the scheme set forth by the
committee of artists ; but at that date circumstances
had already shown the difficulty of carrying on an
Academy managed by artists alone, and some of the
artists themselves appear to have been of opinion
that a strong infusion of unprofessional members
would make the scheme more workable. It is
evident that the Dilettanti would be content with
nothing but the complete control of the new
Academy, and that, their help not being forthcoming
on any other terms, the whole scheme collapsed. One
member however of the committee of artists, Sir
Robert Strange, has in his Inquiry into the J^ise
and Establishment of the fyyal Academy left the
following tribute to the behaviour of the Dilettanti
on this occasion : —

c A Society composed of a number of the most respectable
persons of this country, commonly known by the name of the

History of the Society of Dilettanti 5-7

Dilettanti, made the first step towards an establishment of this
nature. That society, having accumulated a considerable fund,
and being really promoters of the fine arts, generously offered to
appropriate it to support a public academy. General Gray, a
gentleman distinguished by his public spirit and fine taste, was
deputed by that Society to treat with the artists. I was present
at their meetings. On the part of our intended benefactors, I
observed that generosity and benevolence which are peculiar to
true greatness j but on the part of the majority of the leading
artists, I was sorry to remark motives apparently limited to their
own views and ambition to govern, diametrically opposite to the
liberality with which we were treated. After various conferences,
the Dilettanti finding that they were to be allowed no share in the
government of the Academy, or in appropriating their own fund,
the negotiation ended/

The Society nevertheless took a cordial interest Foundation
in the Royal Academy when that body eventually °fthe R°yal
came into existence and obtained its charter in t ca e,mJ '

a r t^ r lts relations

176%. As it turned out, the first President or the with the
Royal Academy, Sir Joshua Reynolds, was actually Dilettanti.
a member of the Dilettanti at the time of his
election. The Society showed its interest in a
practical way, for on March 0% 1774, it was ordered

1 That the Interest of four Thousand pounds three pr Cent.
Annuities be appropriated to the use of sending two students
recommended by the Royal Accademy to study in Italy or Greece
for three years, and no longer, from the time they are appointed ;
that tho: due attention is to be paid to the recommendation of the
Royal Accademy the Dilettanti shall not be oblidged to receive the
persons they propose except they are approved by a majority at
a Call of the Society when if they think them insufficient they
may nominate others/ [Seaforth.]

On February 2?, 177?, a call of the Society was
ordered for the first Sunday in the following month of
March, and Sir Joshua Reynolds was desired to bring
the students appointed by the Royal Academy to
pursue their studies abroad to receive the approba-
tion of the Society. The Dilettanti exercised their
power of selection, for in March, 1 77?, Mr. JeiFerics,

5*8 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Proposal to
form a
gallery of
casts from
the antique.

painter, and Mr. Banks, sculptor, being recommended

by the Royal Academy, it was ordered

£That Mr. Jeffries be appointed as a student to go into Italy
under the Protection of the Society ' •

and also

1 That Mr. Pars also go into Italy claiming the same Protection,
Their salaries to begin from the date of their arrival at Rome/

The two students named arrived in fact at their
destination on October 7 and December 21, 1777,
respectively.

The object of establishing a national drawing
academy in London had been materially advanced
by the munificence of Charles Lennox, third Duke of
Richmond, who, after returning from the usual tour
in Italy, formed when twenty-two or twenty- three
years of age a collection of paintings, sculpture, and
casts from the antique in a gallery in the garden of
his house at Whitehall. This he opened in March,
175-8, as a gratuitous school of drawing for students
under the direction of G. B. Cipriani the painter and
J. Wilton the sculptor. This was the first attempt
to make a collection of such casts in England, and
the first school in which the systematic study of
antique sculpture was rendered possible to young
students of small means. Horace Walpole says :
cThe institution of a school of statuary in the house
of a young nobleman of the first rank rivals the
boasted munificence of foreign princes.' The Duke
of Richmond was not at the time a member of the
Society of Dilettanti, which he did not join until
March, 1765 ; but it may safely be attributed to his
example that on March 1, 1761, it was moved by
Sir Francis Dashwood and carried,

c That a Committee be appointed to consider of the expcnce, and
how far it is practicable to procure the first and best casts of the

History of the Society of Dilettanti 5-9

principal Statues, Busto's, cV Bass Relievo's great or small in
order to produce something from this Society that may be benc-
ficiall to the publick.'

In the original plan for the formation of a Royal
Academy such a collection of casts, etc., had been
contemplated, but only c for the improvement of the
students.' The resolution of the Dilettanti, although
not carried into effect, appears to be the earliest
scheme in England for founding a set of casts from
antique sculpture for the use of the public, such as
have been recently formed at Cambridge, Oxford,
and the South Kensington Museum.

This scheme had the effect of reviving the idea of Revival of
a separate building to be erected for the use of the *f?*"J *
Society, since the committee to which it was referred,
its members being Sir Francis Dash wood, Colonel
Gray, Colonel Denny, and Sir Thomas Robinson,
were of opinion

c That some Act should be undertaken to show to the World
the Intention of their Original Institution — in order to wh. they
agreed. First— that some proper place should be found out, in
order to build a Room, to hold any purchases of the Virtu kind the
Society may hereafter make, and also it was Resolv'd that Enquiry
should also be made with regard to any room or rooms, now built,
which may answer the said purposes — to make a report to the
Society on these heads, at their next meeting.

( It was then proposed to recommend to the Society to purchase
Casts of the best Statuery Busts or Basso-relievo's etc., that may
be now in Great Britain or Ireland.

c It was further agreed by the Committee to recommend to the
Society to purchase abroad any fine Casts of the best statues &c.
in the manner and att the time the Society shall direct — & it is left
to the consideration of the Society to make out the names of such
Gentlemen abroad, who they think might be willing to assist in
procuring those pieces of Virtu, which are the objects the Society
have in view & letters to be wrote to 'em, signed by their members,
desiring their assistance on this occasion.'

Keeping in view the requirements of this scheme, *«■**"•
the committee made an attempt to secure the auction- Grem Park.

60 History of the Society of Dilettanti

rooms of the well-known Mr. Cock, the auctioneer,
for their premises. But the negotiations proved
fruitless owing to a complication of leases between
Mr. Cock, a Mr. Smith, the Crown, and the French
Protestant refugees, whose chapel the building had
once been, while Mr. Cock asked an exaggerated sum
for his share in the lease. The committee then stated
their opinion

c That if a piece of ground could be obtained from the crown,
adjoining to the Park Wall in Piccadilly situated between the
Duke of Devonshire's and Lord Bath's in order to build an exact
copy of an antique Temple, that it would be the properest way
of disposing of the Society's money, according to their Intention,
and would be a publick ornament, and the first example of this
kind in his Majesty's Dominions — and redound greatly to the
honour of this Society.'

No further action, however, was taken in the
matter until March 28, 17^4, when the committee
declared, and on April 1, 17^4, the Society ordered

' That the Original Resolution viz*. That a Building be erected,
for the more Commodious and Honourable reception of the Society
for which purpose the money has hitherto been collected, be speedily
taken into consideration being consistent with the Honour and
Dignity of the Society/

The committee further recommended

c That a memorial be presented to His Majesty beseeching His
Majesty that he will be graciously pleased to allot a proper piece
of ground in the Green Park next Piccadilly, or wherever else His
Majesty shall think fit, on which a building may be erected for
the more commodious and honourable reception of the Society,
according to the Order of the Society at the last General Meeting •
and that Lord Le Despenser, Lord Charlemont, Mr. Wood and
Colonel Gray be desired to prepare such memorial to be laid before
the Committee.'

A draft petition was prepared and Sir Francis
Dash wood (now Lord le Despencer) < was desired to
present the same to His Majesty, and if it meets with
His Majesty's approbation to forward the petition to

History of the Society of Dilettanti 61

the Treasury.' On April 20 Lord le Despencer
reported ' that he had presented to His Majesty the
petition agreed to at the last committee, which His
Majesty received very graciously and was pleased to
say he would consider on it.' This, however, proved
a barren effort, for on May 1 a resolution was passed
(and subsequently ordered by the Society)

' That it was the opinion of the Committee viz. Lord Le
Despenser, Lord Middlesex, Mr. Howe, Colonel Denny, Lord
Charlemont, Mr. Wood, Colonel Gray, Sir James Gray, Mr.
Stewart and Mr. Fauquier, Secretary, that another Petition be
presented to His Majesty, specifying particularly the ground
in the Green Parke, on which it is proposed to erect the intended
Building viz. to commence opposite the East End of Whitehorse
Street next below the Earl of Egremont from thence one hundred
and twenty four feet westwards towards Hyde Park Corner and
projecting into the Green Park one hundred and forty Fett.'

This petition was likewise presented to His Majesty
by Lord le Despencer, who on June 5- following
reported to the committee that c the Chancellor of
the Exchequer, Mr. G. Grenville, had returned him
the Petition to His Majesty, desiring ground in the
Green Park, to erect a building on, and at the same
time acquainting him that His Majesty desired to see
a Plan of the Intended Building first.'

At this gentle but obvious snub the Society The star
abandoned their designs on the Green Park, but in ^d Garter.
May, 176 f , they made an attempt to secure for them-
selves the premises of the Star and Garter Tavern in
Pall Mall, at which they were accustomed to hold
their monthly meetings. The tenant, Mr. Fynmore,
was willing to part with his lease, which had twelve
years to run, but on application to Mr. James Beau-
voir of Danham Hall, Essex, the lessee under the
Crown, it was discovered that Mr. Beauvoir had no
power to sell. No further steps were taken for

6z History of the Society of Dilettanti

some time towards erecting a building, but in April,
1770, it was resolved

'That any member making any motion for the appropriation
of any part of the General Fund exceeding One hundred Pounds
to any purpose but that of erecting the new Intended Building
should for leave to make such motion pay the sum of two
guineas, & in case the motion is rejected by a majority of the
Members present, he is to forfeit the further sum of three guineas/

The matter, however, only advanced in fits and
starts, though never dropped out of sight. In
May, 1772, it was resolved

c That a Committee be appointed to Consider of a proper
manner of effectually carrying into execution the resolution of the
Society with regard to the New intended Building, — that Lord
Dispenser, Sr James Gray, Mr. Howard, Ld Clanbrasil, Mr.
Ascough, Sr Jos. Reynolds, Mr. CrowJe, Be of that Committee
and to meet next Saturday 9th May 177X5 — That all members who
come have Voices and that Cards be sent to all acquainting them
of this resolution, — That this Committee be Called the Grand
Committee ! '

On May 2, 1773, it was resolved

' That during the Recess the Society be formed into a Committee
to Consider of purchasing a piece of Ground to erect a Building
upon for the use of the Society and that Five Members be
a quorum, — That the Committee do not exceed the sum of one
Thousand Pounds for the purchase of the Ground/

Then nothing more was done until April, 1776,
when it was ordered

£ That there be a Call of this Society next meeting to take into
Consideration the disposal of a certain sum from the Publick Fund
towards Building a Temporary Room for the Reception of the
Society next year/

But this proposal was negatived in the following May.
In April, 1777, it was proposed by the committee to
take permanently a room at the Star and Garter
Tavern, and in the following May the Society
resolved to agree
'with the Determination of the Committee of the zoth April

History of the Society of Dilettanti 63

1777 and Recommend it to the members of the Society to pay
a guinea per annum for 3 years to come to the Master of the
Star and Garter tavern for the Recompense to him for the use
of this room, — That the Secretary do pay two Hundred guineas to
the Master of the Star and Garter Tavern upon His signing the
Article of Agreement this day produced by the Secretary and laid
before the Society for their inspection.'

It is not clear from the records of the Society camelford
whether this arrangement was actually carried out House.
or not. But the idea of erecting a separate building
for the use of the Society seems to have been again
abandoned about this date (1777) owing to heavy
expenditure from its funds in another direction, as
will be recorded in the succeeding chapters. It
was once more revived in February, 1785-, by a
proposal from Lord Camelford to sell to the Society
the shells of two new houses adjoining his own in
Hereford Street, which might be thrown together
to form a museum * for what is properly called
virtu.' The offer, however, was declined by the
Society on discovering that in addition to an initial
cost of £2,5-00 for the completion of the buildings
by Sir John Soane, they would incur large ex-
penses for furniture, decoration, ground-rent, taxes,
service, &c. 5 moreover, Lord Camelford made it
a condition that he was to be allowed a special
door and key leading from his own house into
the gallery on the ground floor.

The last flicker of the building scheme seems to Final aban-
have occurred in March, 1790, when it was resolved donment °f

building
c That a Committee be appointed to meet here on Sunday the scheme.
aist instant j and that they do take into Consideration the sums
that have been expended by the Society in attempting to provide
a room ; and inquire into the state of the site of the Opera House,
that was burnd down last summer, and how far the same may be
proper to be purchasd for the purpose of building one, and to such
other matters as they may think Fit/

6^ History of the Society of Dilettanti

Nothing appears to have come from the above
resolution ; and thus the idea of a separate build-
ing or even a separate room for the use of the
Society was finally abandoned, and the Society
continued to hold its meetings at the Star and
Garter Tavern up to the end of the eighteenth
century.
increasing The voluntary subscriptions, however, of the
rkhes of the senior members, and the customary contribution
octeiy' to the building fund, paid as an entrance fee by
all newly elected members, added to the profit made
by the sale of the land in Cavendish Square, had
increased the riches of the Society and placed them
in command of capital of no inconsiderable amount.
This was further augmented by two enactments of
great importance in the history of the Society.
Face-money. On January 4, 1 74^, it was ordered

c That every member of the Society do make a present of his
Picture in Oil Colours done by Mr. Geo. Knapton, a member, to
be hung up in the Room where the sd Society meets;

(Sam1 Savage, President.) '

and on February 3, 174^, it was ordered, nemine
contradicente^

c That every member of the Society who has not had his Picture
painted by Mr. Knapton by the meeting in February next year,
shall pay One Guinea per Annum till his Picture be Deliver'd
into the Society, unless Mr. Knapton declares that it was owing to
his want of time to finish the same.'

As many of the members did not care, or did not
find opportunity to comply with this order, the pay-
ments on this account, known as c Face-money,'
produced a considerable sum every year.
Rule Ann. On February y, 174J, it was ordered

' 'That after the first of March 174I every member who has

any increase of Income either by Inheritance Legacy Marriage
or preferment do pay half of one p. ct. of the first year of his

History of the Society of Dilettanti 6$

additional income to the Gen11 Fund, but that every member
upon paymt. of £10 shall be released from such obligation/

[Strafford, Preside]

This enactment, known as Rule Ann. Soc. rUndec.^ and
still solemnly recited at every meeting of the Society,
seems to have been first received in a rather ribald
spirit, for on April 7, 1747, it was

i Resolv'd that the Committee have leave to sett again and that it
be an Instruction to the said Committee to Consider and explain the
word Preferment in the order dated Ann: Soc: Undec: Feby. ?th.'

In May, 1745-, it was resolved

1 To agree with the Comittee in their first Resolution That all
Titles and Honours are deem'd Preferment. Also in their
Comittee's second Resolution viz: That all Preferment shall be
valued according to the subsequent rates viz :

An Arch Bishop

A Duke .

A Marquiss

An Earl .

A Viscount

A Bishop

A Baron

A Judge .

A Knight of the Garter

A Knight of the Thistle

A King at arms

His Majesty's Ratcatcher

A Knight of the Bath

his Blessing

his Grace

his Honour

nothing

something

ii ... .

6 pence

6s. %d.

iis.^d.

10 pounds Scotch

5 pounds English

8 pounds

9 pounds

10 pounds/

A Trumpeter

On May 7, 1769, it was resolved

c That it is the opinion of this Society that the word Inheritance
means any encrease of income by the death of another person j
but that this be not meant to extend to the falling in of Leases
for Lives or Lands and Tenements.'

The payments on this^ account also produced
annually a fairly large sum, and as it is one of
the few orders dating from the early years of the
Society's existence which remain in force at the
present day, the full list of such payments gives

66 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Various
sources of

Incidental
records.

a most interesting insight into the rank and position
of the members. The first few entries give a good
idea of these payments.

'March 4, 174I. Mr. Secretary Gray paid in the sum
of eighteen shillings & threepence being the half of one p. ct.
of £r%6 10s. conformable to the Resolution of Feb. 5th being
appointed Major of Brigade/

c Dec. 2, 1744. Mr. Fauquier paid in to the Gen11 Fund the sum
of fifteen shillings being the half p. Ct. of ^"i 50 ann. Conformant
to the Resolution of Feb. 5th and appointed Director of the London
Insurance Company ; Lord Middlesex being married to the Honble.
Miss Boyle Daughter to the late Ld Viscount Shannon paid into the
Gen11 Fund the sum of Twenty Guineas (not taking the advantage
of the Resolution of Feb. ye 5th which admitts of compounding for
ten pounds being the nearest calculation to his Increase of Income)/

cJan. 6, 174I. Received of the Duke of Bedford Eleven guineas
for having accepted the Place of First Commissioner of the
Admiralty* Received of Lord Sandwich Five guineas for having
accepted the Place of one of the Lords of the Admiralty/

The principal sources of the funds in the posses-
sion of the Society of Dilettanti up to 1778 may
therefore be briefly enumerated as follows :

Dinner Money.

Lottery Money.

Face-money.

Fines and Forfeits.

Entrance subscriptions to Building Fund.

Fee of £ per cent, on Increase of Income.

Profit from sale of land in Cavendish Square.

Interest on investments in bank or other annuities.

Interest on the sum of i^o guineas lent on mortgage to the

Earl of Sandwich, paid up to 1791, when the earl died

and the capital was never recovered.

To these funds must be added a legacy of jfyoo
made to the Society of Dilettanti by Mr. James
Dawkins in 175- 9. By accumulations derived from
these various sources the riches of the Society,
which in 1743 amounted to £321 $s. 8^., had in
May, 1778, increased to £\^o66 19/. 2d.

The following incidents recorded in the minutes

History of the Society of Dilettanti 67

seem worth noticing as among the obiter dicta and
facta of the Society. At a committee meeting
(where the company seems to have been invariably
very lively) on February 7, 174-^, it is recorded:

'The Committee met. Resolved That it is the opinion of
this Committee that Mr. Brand will be Damned.

' Resolved That it is the opinion of this Committee That all
Publick pious Charities are private Impious abuses/

'March, 1747. Resolved that the Honble. Richard Edgecumbe
be Bard to the Society/

This was the Dick Edgcumbe already mentioned,
the friend of George Selwyn and Gilly Williams and
Horace Walpole, one of the choicest wits of his day.

'April ?, 1 7 5" 5. Whereas a very extraordinary message was
sent up to the Society, by a Divine of the Church of England for
ought it knows, with a couple of Books fairly bound, which the
Society never can or will read, It was thought absolutely necessary
to prevent any further interruption to send him one Guinea of
publick money for the Society's private convenience.'

'March a, 1760. John Russell a Eoy between 14 or 17 years
of age produced to the Society several drawings which were judged
to be very deserving and therefore for his encouragement It was
agreed to make him a present of £<; 5. 0/

This entry appears to note the first appearance in
public of John Russell, the well-known painter of
portraits in pastels and afterwards a Royal Acade-
mician. Russell seems to have enjoyed the special
favour of the Society, for he was their guest at
dinner on at least two occasions in 1774 and 1778.
On March y, 1 7 8 d, it is recorded that

'Mr. Johnnes having offered to the Society certain Poems
of the Late Sir Ch. Hanbury Williams that have not yet been
Publish' d on condition that they publish them, ordered that the
consideration thereoff be referred to the Committee which meet on
Sunday March 19/

The publication of these poems seems to have
engaged the attention of this committee, but no
resolution was ever arrived at upon the question.

F X

CHAPTER IV

The Dilettanti and Classical Archaeology — Earlier history
of the study — The Earl of Arundel — The Arundel
Marbles — Other collectors — Explorations in situ :
Nointel and Carrey — Spon and Wheler j Chishull
— British artists in fyme j Brettingham and Gavin
Hamilton — Stuart and J^evett — Sir James Gray and
the Dilettanti — Election of Stuart and T{evett —
Their expedition to Athens — Dawkins and Wood —
Le Ityy and Dalton — The Dilettanti and ' The Anti-
quities of Athens' — Success of the volume — The
Society sends an expedition to Asia Minor — Chandler >
J(evett, and Pars — Instructions to the expedition —
Work in the Troad and Ionia — Approval of the
Society — Work in Attica and the Morea — Return
and reception of the explorers — The 'Ionian Anti-
quities' : choice of materials — Preparation and
publication of the volume — Presentation copies —
Chandler's * Inscriptions ' and ' Travels ' — Proposed
continuation of ' Ionian Antiquities ' — The drawings
of I^evett and Pars : various claimants for their
use — Difficulties between Stuart and I^evett —
Appointment of a Committee — Death of Stuart:
posthumous publication of 'The Antiquities of Athens,'
vols.iisiiiiand iv — Publication of 'Ionian Antiquities'
vol. ii — Custody of the Society's marbles — Marbles
and drawings presented to the British Museum.

The /^^\^^ narrative has thus far been chiefly

Dilettanti I 1 occupied with the personal aspects and
and classical V-^ convivial usages of the Society, with its
re aeo ogy. ^ny^ing schemes, its gradual accumulation of cor-
porate funds, and its projects, more or less successful,

History of the Society of Dilettanti 69

for the encouragement and patronage of the
fine arts at home. We now approach a different
and by far the most fruitful field of its activity.
To the Dilettanti belonged for many years the
chief, and in several instances the whole, credit
of initiating and supporting those undertakings by
which the remains of classical antiquity in Greece
and the Levant have been explored and published
for the benefit of students and of the world. Before
recounting in detail their enterprises of this nature, a
few words on the previous history of archaeological
discovery and research in Europe will be in place. /

From the days of the early Renaissance, the soil Earlier
of Italy, and especially that of Rome and its neigh- history of
bourhood, had been continually yielding up its the study-
treasures, and the passionate curiosity and admira-
tion excited by these, as well as by the remains of
ancient architecture still above ground in the same
country, had revolutionized the arts and the taste
of Europe. But Greece itself, and the sites of
Greek civilization in Thrace, Macedonia, Asia
Minor, and the Archipelago, had under the Turkish
dominion become practically inaccessible to students
from the West. Beyond the small number of
objects obtained from Greece by Poggio Bracciolini,
and the remains observed and inscriptions copied in
the islands by Ciriaco of Ancona, both of them in
the fifteenth century, there had existed only a very
meagre importation of antiquities from those coun-
tries into Venice; and these had consisted chiefly
of the casual spoils of conquest. In promoting the
regular search for such antiquities, and thus laying
the foundations of what we now call the science
of Greek archaeology, England may fairly claim to
have taken a lead among the nations of Europe.

70 History of the Society of Dilettanti

It was only in the seventeenth century that an
English nobleman found and used the opportunity
of giving a new stimulus to such research.
The Earl of This was the famous art-lover and collector,
Arundel. ^Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel. He had spent
some years at Rome, and there signalized himself
by his zeal and lavish expenditure in the collection
or ancient marbles and other antiquities. When Sir
Thomas Roe was appointed ambassador from James I
to the Ottoman Porte, in 1621, Arundel profited by
the occasion and endeavoured, through the new
ambassador, to secure some of the monuments of
Greek art known or reputed to be scattered among
the more famous classical sites of Greece itself and
of the Levant. Roe accordingly sent agents to the
sites on the Bosphorus and in the Troad \ but more
definite work was commenced in \6i$ by William
Petty, whom Arundel sent out as a special agent in
his interest. Arundel found an important rival in
George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, who used his
unparalleled influence at home and abroad to secure
such objects for his own collection, and established
a strong claim to a joint share with Arundel in the
results of Roe's efforts.
The Petty in 1615 visited Pergamon, Samos, Ephesus,

Arundel Chios, Smyrna, and Athens, and obtained a number of
marbles, including a valuable series of inscriptions.
These were dispatched home, and arrived at Arundel
House in 1 627 , and no less a person than John Selden
devoted his attention to deciphering the inscriptions,
which were published as the Marmora Arundelliana
in 1628. A fresh collection of marbles was sent
over in that year by Petty to Arundel, who after
Buckingham's assassination found a fresh rival in
Philip Herbert, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery ;

History of the Society of Dilettanti 71

while other collectors on a smaller scale sprang
up, including the king, Charles I, himself. The
civil wars put an end for the time being to these
pursuits. The collections of the king and the
Duke of Buckingham were dispersed, and Arundel
himself died in 16 4.6, before the wars were ended.
There is no need here to describe in detail the
gradual dispersal and partial reunion of the famous
Arundel Marbles — how some went to Tart Hall and
were eventually sold ; how, after the bulk of the
collection had been shamefully ill-treated and
neglected by Arundel's grandson, all the inscriptions
which could be saved were presented to the Univer-
sity of Oxford j how another division of the collec-
tion found its way to the Earl of Pomfret's house at
Easton Neston, and after much mauling under the
pretence of restoration by one Guelfi, was eventually
reunited to the inscriptions at Oxford ; and how yet
another part went to form the nucleus of the
Earl of Pembroke's famous collection, still pre-
served at Wilton House. The Wilton collection
was presently much enlarged by the acquisition of
the antiques which had belonged to Cardinal
Mazarin, and of numerous busts collected some-
what indiscriminately in Italy by the eighth earl.

These were the great collections of classical other
antiquities gathered in England in the seventeenth collectors-
century, though a historian cannot neglect the
smaller cabinets formed by the third Earl of Win-
chilsea (d. 169 6\ the first Baron Carteret (d. 169 j ),
and Mr. John Kemp, F.R.S. ; the last sold in 172.1.
Mention must also be made of the celebrated col-
lection of Dr. Mead (d. 1 7 j 3), and of that — including
miscellanies in almost every department of antiquity,
curiosity, and natural history — which was formed by

71 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Sir William Courten, passed afterwards to Sir Hans
Sloane, and finally became the nucleus of the British
Museum. The first Duke of Devonshire, Edward
Harley second Earl of Oxford, the fourth Earl of
Carlisle, the architect Earl of Burlington, and Sir
Andrew Fountaine, and above all Thomas Coke,
afterwards created first Earl of Leicester, were all
active collectors of antiquities in the early years of
the eighteenth century.
Explora- The attention of these several collectors and their

tions'm agents had been almost entirely confined to the ac-
Nointeland c[ulSit^on °£ sucn works of sculpture and fragments
Carrey. of architecture as were movable and portable within
reasonable expense. In the meantime a beginning
had been made in that other branch of classical
research in which the Dilettanti were by-and-by to
reap their especial laurels, that is, in the systematic
exploration and study of ancient monuments as
they were to be found existing in situ. About id 74
(or a little earlier) the Marquis Olier de Nointel,
French Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte, passed
through Athens, and was so much struck by the
beauty of the sculptures still remaining on the
Parthenon, that he employed a painter, by name
Jacques Carrey, a pupil of Le Brun, who accom-
panied him in 1674, to make careful drawings in red
chalk of all the sculptures which then survived.
Wars and earthquakes, the ravages of time and man,
had left little that remained of Greek sculpture
or architecture undamaged or entire. The Turks,
never a wilfully destructive race, had nevertheless
allowed in contemptuous negligence all the monu-
ments of antiquity which had survived the classical
days to perish slowly by reckless usage, decay, and
ruin. Even in Carrey's day the sculptures of the

History of the Society of Dilettanti 73

Parthenon were in a very damaged and mutilated
state, but his drawings derive an especial value from
the fact of the further destruction which ensued
during the Venetian bombardment under Morosini
in i6%7 l. A narrative of De Nointel's expedition
was published in 16%% by Cornelio Magni, of Parma,
who accompanied it 2.

Shortly after Carrey had commenced his drawings, spon and
in 167? and 167 6 , a learned antiquary of Lyons, wt?lr.)
Jacob Spon, in company with an Englishman, Mr.
(afterwards Sir) George Wheler, travelled through
Greece and the Levant. Theirs was the first anti-
quarian expedition in those regions of which a
careful record has been kept, and although the in-
formation gathered by them has been supplemented
and in part superseded by subsequent travellers,
their labours served as a starting-point for all
those which immediately ensued. Spon published
an account of the expedition in 1678 3, and Sir George
Wheler an account in English four years later4.

1 Carrey's drawings of the Parthenon pediments are preserved
in the Louvre, and are well known by numerous reproductions in
archaeological works. But there exist other pictorial records of
M. de NointeFs expedition, in all likelihood also by Carrey's hand,
which have until recently escaped notice. These consist of (i) two
paintings in one of the upper galleries of the palace at Versailles,
representing the reception of the Embassy at Constantinople ;
and (a) a large picture recently deposited in the town museum at
Chartres, in which are represented M. de Nointel and his suite
received by the Turkish pasha at Athens. The town of Athens
appears in the background, with the Acropolis, on which are seen
the Parthenon, the Turkish minaret, and the mediaeval tower,
surrounded by the red roofs of houses standing crowded up to the
very walls of the enclosure.

2 Relatione delta Citta d Athene, colle Provincie deW Attica, Focia,
Beozia, etc. net Tempi che furono passeggiate da Cornelio Magni, Parme-
giano, I'anno 1674, e dallo stesso publicate V anno i(>88.

3 Voyage (fit a lie, de Dalmatie, de Greee et du Levant. Lyon, 1678.

4 A Journey into Greece by George Wheler, Esq., in company of

74 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Another traveller in classical lands whose work
deserves recognition was Edmund Chishull of
Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Having received
from his college the 'traveller's place,' he was in
1698 appointed chaplain to the factory of the
Turkey Company at Smyrna, and during his
residence there made various expeditions in Asia
Minor and Turkey, of which he published ac-
counts which proved valuable to later explorers *.
Chishull found a friend and editor in the well-
known antiquary Dr. Mead, and also owed some of
his information to a French explorer in Asia Minor,
M. Pitton de Tournefort, the botanist, whose voyage
into the Levant was translated into English in
1 7 1 8 . The published accounts of these several
travels, together with the impetus given to the
taste for Greek art by the marvellous yields of
archaeological excavation in Italy, and the attrac-
tion of an added spice of adventure, no doubt
supplied the stimulus which induced some young
English aristocrats on the Grand Tour, such as Lord
Sandwich, Lord Charlemont, Mr. Ponsonby, and
others, to extend their travels to Greece and the
coasts of Asia Minor. The experience gained and
interest awakened during these journeys were reflected
in the subsequent action of the Society of Dilettanti.
British Another group of persons who shared the pre-

artists in vailing enthusiasm for classical antiquity and c virtu '
BrS* ham was to ^e found among the colony of British artists
and Gavin wno made Rome their head-quarters from the
Hamilton, early part of the eighteenth century. Among these

Dr. Spon of Lyons , Lond. i68a, folio. Spon and Wheler met and
compared notes with M. de Nointel at Constantinople.

1 Inscriptio Sigea antiquissima, Ijzl ; Antiquitates Asiaticae, etc.,
1718; Travels in Turkey and back to England, 1747 (a posthumous work).

History of the Society of Dilettanti 75*

were two who are particularly identified with the
cause of archaeology, and whose services to the
collectors and amateurs of their age appear to have
been free from the charges of extortion and falsifica-
tion to which other purveyors of the antique then
laid themselves open : viz. Matthew Brettingham the
architect, who built the Earl of Leicester's house at
Holkham (1699-1769), and Gavin Hamilton the
painter (17 3 0-17 9 7).

In the course of the year 1742 there arrived two Stuart and
others whose names were destined to be still more R*vm.
honourably connected with the progress of the same
study, and with the work of the Society of Dilettanti
in particular. These were James Stuart and Nicholas
Revett. James Stuart was the son of a mariner of
North British extraction, and was born in London
in 1 7 1 3 . Losing his father at an early age, he for
a time supported his family by painting, and according
to tradition painted fans for Goupy, the celebrated
fan-painter in gouache. In 1742 he determined to go
to Rome, and made his way there on foot. At Rome
he not only studied art, but acquired a sufficient know-
ledge of the classical languages at the College of the
Propaganda to publish in 17^0 a treatise in Latin1
on the obelisk found in the Campus Martius, which
attained sufficient notice to gain him a personal intro-
duction to the Pope. Nicholas Revett was a member
of a very ancient Suffolk family, being the second son
of John Revett of Brandeston Hall near Framling-
ham, where he was born about 1721. Determining
to become an artist, he left England on September 22,
1742, for Leghorn, and thence proceeded to Rome,

1 De Obelesco Caesaris Augusti, Campo Martio Nuperrime Effbso,
Epistola Jacobi Stuart Angli, ad Carolum Wentworth, ComJtem de
Malton. Roma, 1750.

76 History of the Society of "Dilettanti

Sir James
Gray
and the
Dilettanti.

where he studied under Cavaliere Benefiale, a painter
then in repute. In April, 1 748, he joined Brettingham,
Stuart, and young Gavin Hamilton in an expedition to
Naples, which they accomplished on foot, and it
appears to have been during this expedition that the
project of a journey to Athens was first mooted. At
any rate it was towards the close of this year that the
young men drew up the prospectus of a scheme
entitled c Proposals for publishing an accurate descrip-
tion of the antiquities of Athens, &c.' The idea seems
to have originated with Hamilton and Revett, and to
have been eagerly and warmly taken up by Stuart.
Their scheme receiving support and financial aid from
distinguished amateurs like Lord Charlemont and
Charles Watson-Went worth, Earl of Mai ton (after-
wards Marquess of Rockingham), Stuart and Revett
quitted Rome for Venice in March, 175-0. At Venice
they failed to obtain a ship for Greece and were
delayed for several months. Three of these months
they spent at Pola on the Dalmatian coast, occupying
themselves with a careful examination of the theatre
and other remains of classical antiquity in that city,
The result of these researches was subsequently
printed in vol. iv of The Antiquities of Athens : and
it was no doubt due to them that in 175-3 tne
Dilettanti, as set forth in Chapter III, contemplated
constructing their new building on the model of
the temple of Pola.

At Venice Stuart and Revett were thrown much
into the society of Sir James Gray, with con-
sequences of great importance both to the Society of
Dilettanti and to their own future labours. It has
been noted in Chapter II that at a meeting of the
Society on January d, i74j, a motion was carried
permitting any member residing in Italy to pro-

SIR JAMES GRAY, BART. K.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 77

pose candidates by letters ; and at the same time
it was resolved that a letter be sent to Sir
James Gray acquainting him of this resolution.
Gray's situation, first as Secretary to the Embassy
and afterwards as British Resident at Venice, afforded
him special opportunities for enlisting young English
travellers in Italy among the ranks of the Dilettanti ->
but for a time few such travellers seem to have passed
his way. In May, 1746, it was resolved nem. con.

'That the Secretary do write to Sir. James Gray to remind him
of his proper situation & peculiar ability to procure members for
this Society/

He had already proposed by letter in May, 1745", Election of
the Earl of Holdernesse, the Earl of Ashburnham, Stuart and
and Mr. St* George ; and in December, 1746, in Revett-
response to the above reminder, he wrote to propose
Lord Hobart and Sir Thomas Sebright. His next
candidate was Mr. Steavens, in May, 17/0; in the
course of same year he proposed his new acquain-
tances Stuart and Revett, together with a Mr. Trench;
and the three were duly elected at the meeting in
March, 17^1. The election of the two young artists
was a new departure for the Dilettanti, since their
members, with the exception of Knapton, had hitherto
been drawn from those who by rank or wealth figured
as social leaders, and proved an important event
for the Society, leading, as we shall presently see, to
its first corporate venture in the domain of Greek
archaeology.

It was not until January, 175-1, that Stuart and Their
Revett succeeded in embarking from Venice. They expedition to
travelled by Zante, Chiarenza (or Cyllene), Patras, Athms-
Corinth, Cenchrea, Megara, Salamis, and arrived at
the Piraeus on March 17, and at Athens on the
following day. In the following May there arrived

78 History of the Society of Dilettanti

at Athens two English gentlemen of culture and
learning, who were engaged, like themselves, on a
voyage of archaeological research, and only wanted
the services of practical artists to give greater utility
and completeness to their work.
Daiukins In 17 fo Mr. John Bouverie, Mr. James Dawkins,

and Wood, and Mr. Robert Wood had started on a journey of
exploration through the west of Asia Minor ; they
had visited Cyzicus, Pergamus, Sardis, Teos, Ephesus,
Miletus, and Magnesia on the coast, and at the last
place Bouverie had died. Dawkins and Wood came
to Athens soon after, and remained there some time,
joining with Stuart and Revett in explorations, but
not interfering with their work. In fact it was by
means of the liberality of Mr. Dawkins that Stuart
and Revett were enabled to carry through their
work at Athens. In March, 17^1, Dawkins and
Wood left for their celebrated expedition to Palmyra
and Baalbec. Not long afterwards tumults arose in
Athens, due to the misrule of the Turkish Govern-
ment, and in March, 17 si-, Stuart and Revett thought
it advisable to go to Smyrna for a short time, visiting
Delos and Scio on the way. They returned in
June, but were again driven away in the follow-
ing September both by the tumults and by a more
formidable enemy, the plague, without having com-
pleted their work of measuring all the buildings on
the Acropolis. They became involved in a serious
dispute with the British Consul, a Greek, and as a
new pasha was appointed to govern the district
about the same time, Stuart decided to avail himself
of the escort of the retiring pasha to Constantinople
to have his position secured by a firman. The escort
proved treacherous, and Stuart more than once ran
considerable risk of being murdered. He succeeded

History of the Society of Dilettanti 79

however in escaping, and arrived at Salonica, where
he was subsequently joined by Revett, and whence
the two made their way together again to Smyrna.
The continuance of the plague rendered it impossible
for them to return to Athens to complete their
measurements and researches, and they arrived in
England,after a long quarantine at Marseilles, early in
175-5-. Meanwhile a fresh prospectus of the proposed
publication of their researches had been issued in
London by Colonel George Gray of the Society of
Dilettanti in 175-1 ; another was provided and issued
in 175-2 by Mr. Dawkins and Mr. Wood ; and another
in 175-3 by Consul Smith at Venice.

It is important to notice these dates, because a & Roy and
Frenchman, M. Le Roy, was moved to undertake a rival Dalton*
journey in the interests of France, and was supported
both by royal favour and private interest. He did
not however leave Rome for Athens until 175-3. He
published an account of his researches illustrated with
plates, and an English translation, also illustrated, was
brought out by Robert Sayer in 17^9, evidently
in rivalry with the projected publication of Stuart
and Revett, whose appearance it anticipated by three
years. Richard Dalton also, who accompanied Lord
Charlemont to Greece in 1749, an(^ was afterwards
employed by George III, made several drawings of
Athenian antiquities which he engraved; but they
are of little value either for art or archaeology.

On their return to England Stuart and Revett The
were at once admitted as members of the Society of j^jjj?
Dilettanti, to which, as we have seen, they had been Antiquities
elected at Venice four years before ; and in April, of Athens:
1 7 5- 5-, Stuart proposed Mr. James Dawkins as a member.
Stuart's patron, the Marquess of Rockingham, had
been elected in the preceding February; Lord

80 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Charlemont was proposed by Mr. Dawkins and
elected in March, 17? 6$ Mr. Robert Wood joined
the Society a few years later, in 1763. Stuart and
Revett set to work to arrange their notes and draw-
ings for printing and engraving, and issued a fresh
prospectus of their intended publication. In their
expenses they were assisted by many members of
the Dilettanti. In March, 175-7, it was resolved

cThat the Society do present the Authors of the Antiquities
of Attica with the sum of Twenty Guineas for their first Volume
and for the further Encouragement of so great and usefull a Work do
intend the same sum for each Volume as they shall be published/

It was not however until 1762 that the authors
were able to issue the first volume of The Antiquities
of Athens, measured and delineated by James Stuart, F.l^S.
and F.S.A., and Nicholas T^evett, painters and architects,
with a dedication to the king. Many names of the
Dilettanti appear in the list of subscribers ; the Duke
of Bedford took two sets, Sir Francis Dashwood
five, Mr. James Dawkins (who died in 17 f 9) had
subscribed for twenty, the Marquess of Rockingham
for six, in addition to those taken by other members
of his family, and Mr. Wood for eight. On
January 23, 1763, it was ordered by the Dilettanti

' That the thanks of the Society be returned to Mrs. Stuart and
Revett for their attention in presenting them with their Book of the
Antiquities of Athens so magnificently and elegantly bound.*

Success of The success of this volume was instantaneous and

the volume, remarkable. Stuart found himself famous, and was

for ever afterwards known as c Athenian Stuart }}

1 It would appear that even before the publication of the work
Stuart had expatiated freely upon its merits and those of the artists
concerned, for there is a tradition, apparently well founded, that
Hogarth's caricature of ' The Five Orders of Perriwigs,5 published
in 1 761, was intended as a satire on the authors of The Antiquities
of Athens. This engraving is styled by Hogarth ' The Five Ordeis

History of the Society of Dilettanti 81

The work for the first time revealed to the educated
public the important place in the history of art
which the existing remains of Greek sculpture and
architecture still have a right to hold. The pub-
lications of Dawkins and Wood on the ruins at
Palmyra and Baalbec had excited interest, but had
not appealed to the imagination of a class mainly
educated on classical lines in so direct a manner
as The Antiquities of Athens. < Grecian Gusto ' became
the fashionable craze of the moment, and Stuart
and Revett found themselves elevated to the posi-
tions of fashionable architects in a new but, it must
be confessed, sadly inadequate application of the
classical style to domestic use. It is from the
publication of this first volume of Stuart and
Revett's researches that the modern study of Greek
archaeology may be said to date ; and although the
Dilettanti were not responsible as a body for its
publication, yet without the support which they
gave to it, individually and as a society, the book
might very probably have never seen the light.

The success of this publication, and the accession The Society
to the Society, not only of Stuart and Revett, «***?»
but also of Dawkins, Wood, Charlemont, and 2J25JT
Rockingham, led the Dilettanti to concentrate Minor.
their thoughts on a new scheme for the continua-
tion of these researches in Greece and Asia Minor.
On the regretted death of Mr. Dawkins in 17^9,
he left a legacy of £yoo to the Society, of which
the following notices occur in the minutes —

c May, 175:9. Mr. Revett deliverd a message from Mr. Dawkins

of Perriwigs as they were worn at the late Coronation, measured
Architectonically,' with a further statement that c Least the Beauty
of these capitals should chiefly depend, as usual, on the delicacy of
the engraving, the Author hath etched them with his own hand/
t G

82 History of the Society of Dilettanti

that he was ready to pay the ^oo, left as a Legacy by his Late
Brother towards the Building or an Academy whenever the Society
are ready to receive the same.

'Order'd Mr. Revett to return the Thanks of the Society to
Mr. Dawkins and that they will lett him know when they think
themselves Intitled to receive the said legacy.

c In order to show the Society's great regard for our late worthy
member Mr. Dawkins, the Society proceeded to Ballot for the
Deceas'd's Brother and he was Elected/

On May i, 1763, it is recorded

c Received of Col. Gray ^oo paid to him by Mr. Henry
Dawkins, being a Legacy left to the Society by his Brother Mr.
James Dawkins, and for which sum Col. Gray has given a receipt
sign'd by him to sd Mr. Henry Dawkins.'

After some consideration, actuated no doubt by
a desire not to interfere with the future publication
of Stuart and Revett's remaining material from
Athens, and also probably at the advice of Mr.
Robert Wood, the Society in 1764 determined to
apply a portion of the funds — which had accumulated
to a fairly large sum since the last scheme for
erecting a building had been abandoned — to sending
out an expedition to Asia Minor at the cost and
under the control of the Society. In the words
of the preface of the Society's first publication —

' Upon a Report of the State of the Society's Finances in the
year 1764, it appeared that they were possessed of a Considerable
Sum above their current Services required. Various Schemes were
proposed for applying part of this Money to some Purpose ; which
might promote Taste, and do Honour to the Society, and after
some Consideration it was resolved " That a Person or Persons
properly qualified should be sent, with sufficient Appointments
to certain Parts of the East, to collect Informations relative to the
former State of those countries, and particularly to procure exact
descriptions of the Ruins of such Monuments of Antiquity
as are yet to be seen in those Parts."

c Three Persons were elected for this undertaking. Mr. Chandler
of Magdalen College, Oxford, Editor of the Marmora Oxoniensia,
was appointed to execute the Classical Part of the Plan. The
Province of Architecture was assigned to Mr. Revett, who had

HON. WILLIAM PONSONBY,
afterwards Earl of Besslaorough .

History of the Society of Dilettanti 83

already given a Satisfactory specimen of his Accuracy and Diligence
in his Measures of the remains of Antiquity at Athens. The
choice of a Proper Person for taking Views, and copying Bass
Reliefs, fell upon Mr. Pars, a young Painter of promising Talents.
A Committee was appointed to fix their Salaries, and draw up
their Instructions, in which, at the same time that the different
objects of their respective Departments were distinctly pointed
out, they were all strictly enjoined to keep a regular journal, and
hold a constant Correspondence with the Society/

It is interesting to record the names of the com-
mittee who were appointed to draw up the instructions
for this expedition. They were Lord le Despencer
(Sir Francis Dashwood), chairman ; Sir James Gray,
Mr. Shirley, Lord Hyde, Colonel Denny, Colonel
Gray, Mr. Howe, Mr. Fauquier, Earl of Bessborough,
Earl of Sandwich, Mr. Ellis, Duke of Bedford, Duke
of Kingston, Mr. Dingley, Mr. Stuart, Mr. Revett,
Mr. Berkeley; and the committee called to their
assistance Lord Middlesex, Mr. Wood (of Palmyra
fame), Mr. Robinson (afterwards Sir Thomas), Marquess
of Tavistock, Lord Warkworth, Earl of Charlemont,
and Mr. Brand. It is to the credit of these gentlemen
and noblemen, some of whom have borne but little
character for seriousness in their life, that the
instructions laid down by them were not only clear
and distinct in their conception, but were carried
out with conspicuous success by those upon whom
they were enjoined.

At the meeting of the Society in April, 1764, tne chandler,
resolutions of the committee were adopted, it being Revett> and
also ordered ""'

£ That a sum not exceeding Two Thousand pounds be appro-
priated to the above excellent Purpose ; ' and c That when such
Persons properly qualified can be procured and are approved of by
the Society, an application be made to His Majesty and His
Ministers for the strongest and best Recommendations to the
Embassadors, Ministers, and Consuls, and also to the Turky
Company in order to facilitate the Operations of such Persons/

g z

84 History of the Society of Dilettanti

At their meeting in the following May the
Society agreed to the appointment of Messrs.
Chandler, Revett, and Pars, and ordered that

cUpon the best Calculation that can be made the scheme
proposed may be carried into execution at the rate of about eight
hundred pounds a year/

The choice of Mr. Richard Chandler to take
charge of this expedition shows the serious spirit
in which the Dilettanti set about this work.
Chandler, a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford,
was introduced to them by Mr. Robert Wood,
who had helped and advised Stuart and Revett
in their Antiquities of Athens^ although he only
joined the Dilettanti in 17^3. Chandler had
already performed an important service to Greek
archaeology by his description of the Arundel
Marbles at Oxford, published in two folio volumes,
entitled Marmora Oxoniensia^ at the expense of the
University Chest. He was thus admirably fitted
by previous training for such a task as that now
entrusted to him. Revett's skill in measuring
and drawing monuments of sculpture and archi-
tecture had already been tested. William Pars
was a young painter who had just gained a medal
from the Society of Arts.

instructions The following instructions were drawn up by

to the Mr. Wood1:—

expedition.

'Instructions for Mr. Chandler, Mr. Revett and Mr. Pars.
Whereas the Society of Dilettanti have resolved that a person or
persons properly qualified be sent, with sufficient appointments,
to some parts of the East, in order to collect informations, and to
make observations relative to the ancient state of these countries,
and to such monuments of antiquity as are still remaining -7 and the
Society having further resolved that a sum not exceeding £2000
be appropriated to that purpose, and having also appointed you

1 Dr. Chandler's Travels in Asia Minor, 1775.

History of the Society of "Dilettanti 85-

to execute their orders on this head ; We the Committee, entrusted
by the Society with the care and management of this scheme, have
agreed upon the following instructions for your direction in the
discharge of that duty to which you are appointed,

1. You are forthwith to embark on Board the Anglicana,
Captain Stewart, and to proceed to Smyrna, where you will
present to Consul Hayes the letters which have been de-
livered to you from one of His Majesty's Principal Secretaries
of State, and from the Turkey Company and you will
consult with Mr. Hayes about the most effectual method
of carrying these instructions into execution.
z. The principal object at present is that, fixing on Smyrna
as your head-quarters, you do from thence make excursions
to the several remains of antiquity in that neighbourhood,
at such different times and in such manner as you shall,
from the information collected on the spot, judge most safe
and convenient j and that you do procure the exactest plans
and measures possible of the buildings you shall find, making
accurate drawings of the basreliefs and ornaments, and
taking such views as you shall judge proper; copying all
the inscriptions you shall meet with, and remarking every
circumstance, which can contribute towards giving the best
idea of the ancient and present state of these places.

3. As various circumstances, best learnt on the spot, must

decide the order in which you shall proceed in the execution
of the foregoing article, we shall not confine you in that
respect, and shall only observe in general, that by a judicious
distribution of your time and business you may, with proper
diligence, in about twelve months visit every place worthy
your notice within eight and ten days journey of Smyrna.
It may be most advisable to begin with such objects as are
less distant from that city, and which may give you an
opportunity of soon transmitting to the Society a specimen
of your labours. You will be exact in marking distances and
the direction in which you travel, by frequently observing
your watches and pocket compasses, and you will take the
variation as often as you can.

4. Though the principal view of the Society in this scheme is

pointed at such discoveries and observations, as you shall
be able to make with regard to the ancient state of those
countries, yet it is by no means intended to confine you to
that province : on the contrary, it is expected that you do
report to us for the information of the Society whatever can
fall within the notice of curious and observing travellers ;
and, in order to ascertain more fully our meaning on this

86 History of the Society of Dilettanti

head, we do hereby direct, that, from this day of your
departure from hence to that of your return, you do each
of you keep a very minute journal of every day's occurrences
and observations, representing things exactly in the light
in which they strike you, in the plainest manner and
without regard to style or language, except that of being
intelligible ; and that you do deliver the same, with what-
ever drawings you shall have made (which are to be con-
sidered the property of the Society) to Mr. Hayes, to be
by him transmitted, as often as conveyances shall offer to
us, under cover to William Russell, Esq., Secretary to the
Levant Company, and you shall receive from us, through the
same channel, such further orders as we may judge necessary.

5. Having ordered the sum of ^"200 to be invested in Mr.

Chandler's hands to defray all expenses which may be in-
curred till your arrival at Smyrna, we have also ordered
a credit in your favour to the amount of £800 per annum^
to commence from the date of your arrival at that place ;
you giving drafts signed by Mr. Chandler and Mr. Revett,
or Mr. Pars ; the whole to be disposed of as follows, viz : —
^100 a year to Mr. Revett, ^80 a year to Mr. Pars, who
are each of them to be paid one quarter in advance ; the
remaining £6ro to be applied to the common purposes
of the Journey by Mr. Chandler, who is to be Treasurer,
paymaster and accomptant, and may appropriate to his own
private use such part of that sum as he shall find necessary,
informing us of his management of the common stock, and
transmitting to us his account from time to time.

6. And though our entire confidence in your prudence and dis-

cretion leaves us no room to doubt but that perfect harmony
and good understanding, which are so necessary as well to
your own happiness as to the success of the undertaking, will
subsist among you, yet in order to prevent any possible
dispute which might arise about different measures in the
course of this expedition ; we expressly declare, that the
direction of the whole is hereby lodged in Mr. Chandler,
assisted by Mr. Revett. And though Mr. Revett and
Mr. Pars should protest against any measure proposed by
Mr. Chandler it is our meaning that any such difference
of opinion should not in the least interrupt or suspend your
operations ; but that, at the same time that such persons as
dissent from or disapprove of what is proposed shall transmit
to us their reasons for such dissent, they do notwithstanding
continue to pursue Mr. Chandler's plan until they receive
our further orders for their conduct.

History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 87

Given under our hands, at the Star and Garter, this 17th day
of May 1764.

(Signed) Charlemont Middlesex

Rob. Wood Le Despenser

Tho. Brand J. Gray

Wm. Fauquier Besborough.'
James Stuart

In accordance with the above instructions Chandler, Work in the
Revett, and Pars quitted England on June 9, 17^4, J^fand
in the ship Anglicana^ Captain Stewart, bound for
Constantinople. They were landed in the Darda-
nelles, and took the opportunity of visiting the
Troad with the plains of Troy and the Sigean
promontory, where Chandler copied the celebrated
inscription, which was in later days brought itself
to England. On leaving the Dardanelles they
travelled by Tenedos and Scio to Smyrna, where
they arrived on September 11. Making Smyrna
their head-quarters, as directed by the Dilettanti,
they made two prolonged excursions in the neighbour-
hood (September 30 — October 29, 1764, March 25- —
August 8, 1765). Among the most important
antiquities explored by them were the temple of
Apollo Didymaeus, near Miletus, and the Sacred Way
leading up to the temple from the harbour, with the
seated figures of the priestly clan of the Branchidae,
which were destined, nearly a century later, to be
secured for the British nation by another explorer,
Mr. Newton, also a leading member of the Dilettanti
Society. They also explored Clazomenae, Erythrae,
Teos, Priene, Tralles, Laodicea, Sardis, Philadelphia,
and Magnesia. Further work in Asia Minor was,
however, checked by the most serious enemy which
foreigners could encounter — an outbreak of the
plague. The party nevertheless succeeded in getting
to Smyrna, and left that place on August 20

88 History of the Society of Dilettanti

for Athens, which they reached on August 31,
after touching at Sunium and Aegina on the way.
From time to time they sent home to the Society
of Dilettanti a consignment of journals and draw-
ings, as appears from the report in the committee-
book.

Approval of At a committee meeting on May 1, 176^

the Society. Mr. Fauquier reported

c That Messrs. Rivett, Chandler and Pars had drawn for ^800
viz : — £400 on the 3rd August 1764. from Leghorn, and £4.00 on
the 22nd January 1765 from Smyrna which Drafts had been paid,
and that their credit was now out. Ordered that a Letter of
Credit be sent to Leghorn to empower the said Gentlemen to draw
on the Society for £800 more, viz : — ,£4.00 in July next and £400
in January next. Mr. Wood produced to the Committee Letters
from the said Gentlemen viz : — one from on board the Anglicana
dated 25th Augt. 64, three from Smyrna bearing 26th Sept. 2nd.
Novr. and the 5-th of Jany. last and also a Journal from the 9th
of June to the 3rd of September last.

c Order* d the said Letters and Journal be enter'd in a fair hand
in a Book to be provided for that purpose.

c The Several Drawings following made by Mr. Rivett and Mr.
Pars were produc'd to the Committee viz : — Two views and
a plan of a ruin'd Building at Troas an Inscription on a Pedestal
with the ornaments of the same a Fragment of a Basso Relievo, and
a Copy of the Sigean Inscription/

All which met with the approbation of the com-
mittee.

c Resolved that it is the opinion of this Committee that Messrs.
Rivett, Chandler and Pars have (as far as they have gone) complied
with their Instructions, and answer'd the intent and meaning
of the Society in sending them/

At a committee on December 1 o —

CA Letter from Mr. Chandler dated Smyrna 14th Augt. was
read. Mr. Fauquier reported to the Committee that Messrs.
Chandler, Rivett, and Pars had drawn on Messrs. Backwells &
Co., two Bills for £400 each and that these Bills had been paid.
Several Drawings of Architecture and Basso relievos and many
Greek Inscriptions sent by the said Gentlemen were produced to
the Committee and met with the approbation of the Committee.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 89

' Resolv'd that it is the opinion of this Committee that Messrs.
Chandler, Rivett and Pars have so well answer'd the meaning and
intent of the Society in sending them to Greece that they deserved
commendation and further encouragement/

In the minutes of December iy, 176?, it was
ordered

'That the Drawings sent by Messrs. Chandler and Co., from
Greece, be sent to the Star and Garter in Pall Mall on the first Sunday
in Febry to be seen by the members of the Society from the hours
of Eleven o'clock to four o'clock and not afterwards that day/

On February 6y 1766^ at the committee

'Mr. Wood produced to the Committee several Views and
Drawings of Architecture sent by the Gentlemen in Greece all
which met with the approbation of the Committee/

' The Committee took into consideration the Order of the Society
at their last meeting (On Feb. 2) viz : — that the Further sum of
^foo be granted to the Committee for the use of the Gentlemen
employ'd in the East, in order to bring them home through the
Morea or Magna Grecia if Practicable ; if not that they be confined
to such a sum as will bring them home in the most frugal and
expeditious manner any former resolution to the contrary not-
withstanding/

'Resolv'd that it is the opinion of this Committee that the
Gentlemen in Greece have taken great Pains in the several Draw-
ings transmitted to the Society/

' Resolv'd that a Letter be wrote to the said Gentlemen acquaint-
ing them that their Performances had given Satisfaction to the
Society, and that in consequence thereof They had granted a
further sum of ;£5roo to the Committee for the purpose of bringing
them home through the Morea and Magna Grecia, if Practicable.'

Chandler's party remained at Athens until June 1 1, Work in
1 766^ completing some of the work which Stuart Attica and
and Revett had been compelled to leave unfinished, e orea'
and visiting Marathon, Eleusis, Megara, Epidaurus,
Delphi, Salamis, Aegina, Nemea, Corinth, and in
the Peloponnesus Nauplia, Argos, Mycenae, and
Chiarenza (or Cyllene), Patras, Olympia, and the
plain of Elis. From the latter place they made
their way to Zante, from whence they eventually

90 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Return and
reception
of the
explorers.

took ship on September i, 17 66, for England,
and landed at Bristol on November 2 following ;
their return having been hastened by an illness
which most of the party contracted in Elis.

On reaching London Chandler lost no time in
handing over to the Society his journal, drawings,
copies of inscriptions, and all the marbles collected
by him during the expedition. At the committee
on December 2, 1766,

£ Mr. Chandler and Mr. Pars attending were called in. Many
Drawings and Measurements of Architecture were produced by
Mr. Revett and also a great Variety of Views and Drawings of
Basso relievos of the Temple of Minerva at Athens and others
were produced by Mr. Pars, which appeared to the Committee to
be all done with Taste and Accurateness/

c Mr. Chandler brought to the Committee a Basso Relievo part
of the Frieze of the Temple of Minerva representing a Horse's
Head and Bust of a Man of Exquisite Workmanship, and acquainted
the Committee that He had some other Marbles brought from
Athens particularly a very Curious Inscription relating to the
architecture of the Temple of Minerva/

c Resolved That it is the opinion of this Committee that Mr.
Chandler, Mr. Revett and Mr. Pars have each of them in their
respective departments fulfill' d the Expectations of the Society, and
that They deserve the Thanks and further Encouragement of the
Society/

On December 1 1 the committee met and resolved

c That at the next meeting of the Committee the Gentlemen
who are return'd from the East do deliver into the hands of the
Committee the Journal Drawings and Marbles, which they have
brought with them.

'Resolved that at the next meeting of the Committee the
remaining part of the ^oo granted to the Committee the znd
of Feb. last for the use of the Travellers in the East be disposed
of by that Committee in the manner they think most proper/

The sum amounted to £400, and on January 17,

1767,

'The Committee having very maturely consider^ the Works
perform'd by Messrs Chandler, Rivett & Pars and their Gratefull
and Proper behaviour, came to the following resolution.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 91

c Resolved that Four hundred Pounds (being the remaining part
of the £%oo voted the 2nd of Febry. last) be divided equally
between them and to be paid to them directly, on condition that
they each of them in their respective departments do Promise to
deliver their works in such Order and Arrangement as shall appear
satisfactory to the Committee.'

The journals, drawings, marbles, and inscriptions, The c Ionian
copied by Chandler, Revett, and Pars during their Afj- 1
expedition, having been delivered up by them to ffiJ'J^
the Society of Dilettanti, the committee appointed materials.
to supervise the expedition proceeded to make a
selection from them of what seemed most suitable for
publication. In view of the projected continuance
of Stuart's publication, The Antiquities of Athens, the
committee evidently considered it advisable not to
spend their money on that part of the material
before them which would be likely to conflict with
Stuart's work, and was really little more than a
supplement to it. In the preface to the Ionian
Antiquities the Society state that

cThe Materials which they brought home were thought not
unworthy of the Public : The Society therefore directed them to
give a Specimen of their Labours out of what they had found
most worthy of Observation in Ionia ; a Country in many re-
spects curious, and perhaps, after Attica, the most deserving the
Attention of a Classical Traveller. Athens, it is true, having
had the good Fortune to possess more original Genius than ever
was collected in so narrow a Compass at one Period, reaped the
Fruits of literary Competition in a degree that never fell to the
lot of any other People, and has been generally allowed to fix
the Aera which has done most Honour to Science, and to take
the lead among the antient Greek Republics in matters of Taste :
However, it is much to be doubted, whether, upon a fair Enquiry
into the Rise and Progress of Letters and Arts, they do not,
upon the whole, owe as much to Ionia, and the adjoining
Coast, as to any other Country of Antiquity/

'The Knowledge of Nature was first taught in the Ionic
School : And as Geometry^ Astronomy^ and other Branches of the
Mathematics , were cultivated here sooner than in other Parts
of Greece, it is not extraordinary that the first Greek Navigators^

9X History of the Society of Dilettanti

Preparation
and

publication
of the
volume.

who passed the Pillars of Hercules, and extended their Commerce
to the Ocean, should have been Ionians. Here History had its
Birth, and here it acquired a considerable degree of Perfection.
The first Writer who reduced the knowledge of Medicine or the
Means of preserving Health, to an Art, was of this Neighbourhood :
And here the Father of Poetry produced a Standard for Composition,
which no Age or Country have dared to depart from, or have been
able to surpass. But Architecture belongs more particularly to
this Country than to any other ; and of the three Greek Orders it
seems justly entitled to the Honour of having invented the two
first, though one of them only bears its Name ; for though the
Temple of Juno at Argos suggested the general Idea of what was
after called the Doric, its Proportions were first established here.
As to the other Arts which also depend upon Design, They have
flourished no where more than in Ionia ; nor has any Spot, of the
same Extent produced more Painters and Sculptors of distin-
guished Talents. Among the Remains of Antiquity which have
hitherto escaped the Injuries of Time, there are none in which
our Curiosity is more interested than the Ruins of those Buildings
which were distinguished by Vitruvius and other antient Writers,
for their Elegance and Magnificence. Such are the Temple of
Bacchus at Teos, the Country of Anacreon ; the Temple dedicated
to Minerva, at Priene, by Alexander of Macedonj and the
famous temple of Apollo Didymaeus, near Miletus. However
mutilated and decayed these Buildings now are, yet surely every
Fragment is valuable, which preserves, in some degree, the Ideas
of Symmetry and Proportion which prevailed at that happy Period
of Taste.'

The three temples mentioned in this extract
formed therefore the material for the volume to be
issued by the Society of Dilettanti. The committee
on January 31, 1767, recorded that

c Having considered the Drawings of the Views, architecture,
and Bass Reliefs, of Asia Minor, It is their Opinion, That they
be engraved at the expence of the Society, and that such part of
the Journals and Inscriptions be published as relates thereto/

On February 7, 1767,

c It appears to the Committee that the Publishing the Drawings
etc. by Degrees is the properest method, and have selected from
them Three of the most curious and Interesting subjects as the
first specimen of the intended work : viz : — one view of the
Temple of Apollo Didymaeus, called the Branchidae, Four pieces

History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 93

of Architecture and Views, The Temple of Minerva Polias at
Priene, and five Pieces of Architecture, Two pieces of architecture
of the Temple of Bacchus at Teos, The engraving of which will
amount to about the sum of ;£i8o/

This was agreed to by the Society in March. On
February 14, 1767,

cMr. Rivett was desired to shade some of the drawings of
Architecture ready for the Engraver, and to produce them to the
Committee on Saturday the a 8th instant to which day the Com-
mittee adjourned/

At this next meeting of the committee (of which no
record has been kept) it must have been decided
to publish a volume to be entitled a Specimen of
the work intended by the Society, for on March 7,
1767, it was resolved

'That it is the opinion of the Committee That at least One
hundred and fifty Copies of the first specimen of the intended work
be engraved, and Printed, for the use of the Society/

And on March 8, 1767, it is recorded that

c Majr Genl Gray laid before the Committee the sums already
expended in the plates for the specimen amounting to about £z<)0
and was desired to proceed as he shall find necessary/

In March, 1 768, it was ordered by the Society

c That a Committee of the whole society be appointed to meet
on Teusday (sic) the 8 th day of March at 11 o'clock in the morning
to consider further on the publication of the first specimen of the
intended work. That five members do constitute a Committee,
and that they be empowered to give such orders and directions with
respect to the said work, or any other matters relative thereto as
to them shall seem necessary, and that they have power to adjourn
themselves from time to time/

The meetings of this committee have not been
recorded, there being a hiatus valde deflendus (as a
later Secretary has it) in the committee-book for
some years. The work, however, progressed, as is
shown from the payments in the minute-book.

94- History of the Society of Dilettanti

'May 1768. Paid to Mr. Revett and Pars an account for
Copper Plates for specimen . . . ^"315 a o
To Do. on Do. account .... £<)0 o o

Presentation The specimen was, however, ready for publication
copies. jn the following March, 17^9, when it was ordered

that copies of the same should be sent to the King
and Queen, the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge,
Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Dublin ; the Royal Society,
Royal Academy, Society of Antiquaries, and British
Museum. In April it was further ordered that
copies should be sent to the King of Spain and
the Universities of St. Andrews and Aberdeen.
The book was ready in the following May, when
it was resolved

c That the books of the specimen of Ionian Antiquities be pre-
sented to the several personages and Societies according to the list
sent in by Coll. Gray * ;

and the following payments were made among others :

To Mr. Revett on account £^0

To Do. for printing papers &c. . . 100
To Mr. Pars for finishing and making new draw-
ings colouring &c . » 42

To Mr. Revett on account 2?

The presentation of the volumes to the King and
the Queen was entrusted to Lord le Despencer,
who reported to the Society at their meeting on
January 14, 1770,

c That pursuant to their request he had presented the Book
of the Specimen of Ionian Antiquities to the King, having previously
obtained permission from his Majesty to Inscribe the Book to Him
and that the Book had been most graciously received by His
Majesty, who was pleased to declare his approbation of the work.'

Lord le Despencer also reported to the Society

' That he had delivered another Book of the Specimen of Ionian
Antiquities to Lord De Lawarr Chamberlain to the Queen as the
proper Channel thro* which it might be presented to Her Majesty
who was pleased to receive it most graciously.'

History of the Society of Dilettanti 95-

Sir James Gray, who had now been for some years
Ambassador and Plenipotentiary to the Court of
Spain, reported at the same meeting —

c That pursuant to their request he had directed Mr. Harris (he
having left Madrid before the Book arrived) to present the Book
of the Specimen of Ionian Antiquities to the King of Spain and
that in consequence he had received a letter from Mr. Harris
which he read to the Society as follows : —

Escurial. Nov. 7, 1769.
I received a few days ago from Bilboa, the elegant publication
of Ionian Antiquities design'd as a present from the Society
of Dilettanti to his Catholic Majesty. In consequence of
which I yesterday waited on the Duke de Lozada, who in the
evening in the name of the Society, presented it to the King :
the Duke this morning told me, it had given His Majesty
infinite pleasure and that he had charged him through me, to
return his thanks to the Society for it.

(Signed) James Harris.'

The valuable collection of inscriptions copied chandler's
during the expedition and the journals were handed c J»^>-
over to Mr. Chandler to publish at his own risk /^/w^.'
and discretion. At a meeting of the committee on
March 8, 1768, it is recorded that

' Mr. Chandler desiring permission to publish the Inscriptions
collected by him in the Expedition to Asia Minor and Greece,
the Committee are of opinion That he be permitted to publish
them and that he place such Title to the said Work as the Society
shall judge proper/

In 1774 Chandler, who had returned to Oxford
and taken the degree of Doctor of Divinity, published
at Oxford the inscriptions in a volume entitled
Inscription es antiquae^ pleraeque nondum editae : in Asia
Minori et Graecia^ praesertim Atbenis, collectae. Cu?n
Appendice. In 177 ? he published, also at Oxford, the
first instalments of his journals as Travels in Asia
Minor^ and in 1770' the second part as Travels in
Greece. All these three works are dedicated to the

96 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Proposed

Society of Dilettanti, and were published with their
assistance, as is shown by the following entries : —

'March 1773. Ordered That the Secretary do write to Mr. Chandler
that as a Mark of the Society's approbation of the intended Work
They have orderd their Secretary to pay Mr. Chandler Twenty
five Guineas upon his delivering a compleat Bound Sett for the
use of the Society/

'Feb. 1774. The officiating Secretary having read a Letter
from Dr. Chandler desiring to dedicate his Book of Inscriptions to
the Society, the Secretary was order'd to write to Dr. Chandler
to acquaint him that the Society did accept of His Dedication as
proposed and to make him a present of Twenty five Guineas for
the same, when He shall deliver the Book properly bound to the
Society/

'March 1775". Read Dr. Chandler's Letter and order'd by the
Society to inform Him they accepted of His offer of dedicating His
Travels Sec. to them/

'March 1776. That the Secretary be order'd to give Dr.
Chandler twenty five guineas, upon the completion of the
Pub", of His Travels and think a further Dedication totally
unnecessary/

A second edition of the Travels in Asia Minor and
Greece, containing many emendations by Nicholas
Revett, was published in 1 8 1 7 ; Revett's copy with
his manuscript corrections is now in the British
Museum. A new edition, with a memoir of Chandler
by Ralph Churton, was published at Oxford in 1 82^ .
That the Society intended to continue the publica-

of ' Ionian
Antiquities'

continuation tion of the Ionian Antiquities is shown from minutes
dated respectively January, 1771, April, 1771, and
April, 1772.

' That General Gray be directed to enquire of Mr. Revitt what
Expence will attend preparing for Publication of the Drawings
belonging to the Society/ — 'That L* Gen1 Gray who has given
in a List of the Drawings in Mr. Revett's possession in con-
sequence of a order of the Society be empowered to pay Mr. Revett
fifty pounds towards finishing the same/ — ' That General George
Gray do pay to Mr. Rivett (out of the General Fund) a further
sum of Fifty pounds and desire him to continue his drawing for
the use of the Society/

History of the Society of "Dilettanti 97

The matter, however, made slow progress, for in
March, 1774, a further minute occurs,

c That Mr. Rivet having wrote to the Secretary of the Society
desiring the Society woud assist Him farther towards the compleat-
ing the Publication of the Asiatic and Grecian drawings, Agreed
that He be paid Ninety nine pounds nineteen shillings out of the
General Fund/

Little progress was, however, made with the work,
although the value of the drawings was well known.

In 1770' and 1777 Paul Sandby, the well-known Drawings of
artist, made applications to the Society for leave to ***** **<*
publish a series of aquatint engravings from Pars's Pars. [

1 • c a 1 *«-r«t • O ~D various

drawings or Athens. This request was acceded to claimants
in a minute of March, 1777. for their use.

'That Mr. Sandby have permission to engrave all the Views
belonging to the Society and that Mr. Greville be Intrusted with
them to deliver them two at a time to Mr. Sandby and to see
they are properly engraved according to the specimens produced
with a proper dedication to the Society. That the Society do '
not divest themselves of their Property in the Drawings It being
understood Mr. Sandby is to present the Soc. with four engravings
of each drawing and to return the original drawings.'

Meanwhile, as Mr. Revett delayed so long with the

drawings, a fresh competitor appeared in the field

in the person of Stuart, Revett's former colleague,

and apparently now his rival. Stuart contemplated

a continuation of his Antiquities of Athens, and

(having purchased all Revett's rights in the book)

applied to the Society for the use of their drawings

in order to complete his work. In March, 1777, it

was ordered

c That Mr. Rivet be orderd to attend with the Drawings
belonging to the Society that are in his possession this day
forthnight and that a Committee who are appointed to meet do
take into consideration whether Mr. Stewart is to be permitted to
have any of them for his use ' j

and in May, 1777,

c That Ld Mulgrave, Mr. Dundas, & Mr. Crowle be appointed

98 History of the Society of Dilettanti

to inspect the Drawings and Sketches belonging to the Society in
the possession of Mr. Rivett and to give Him such directions as
they think proper which of the unfinish'd sketches He shall first
proceed to execute.'

All schemes for further publication however hung
fire, for in February, 1 7 8 o, it was ordered

c That the Sec*, do deliver the Drawings belonging to the
Soc. to Mr. Wyndham and that he have the custody of them
for one year giving a proper receipt for them to the Sec/ j

and again in March, 1780,

c Mr. Banks movd that the Sec. do order Mr. Revett to deliver
all the drawings belonging to them finishd and unfinishd into
the hands of the Secretary before the next meeting/

Mr. Sandby, who had been entrusted with certain
drawings belonging to the Society in order to engrave
them in aquatinta, returned the drawings to the
Society, and begged leave by the Secretary to thank
the Society for the use of them, and to present a set
of the prints to them for their use. In the following
April

i Mr. Wyndham to whom the Soc. had entrusted the Care of
their drawings requested that they would empower him to deliver
to Mr. Stuart for the use of his intended publication of a second
volume of Athenian Antiquities the Drawings of the Eastern View
of the Temple of Minerva at Athens taken by Mr. Pars and such
of the Basso releivos belonging to the same Temple as he may
wish to make use of to which request the Soc. agreed/

In March, 178 1, Sir John Taylor moved and
Mr. Wyndham seconded tne following motion, viz.: —

'That Mr. Peachy be allowd the use of such Drawings the
Property of the Soc. now in the custody of Mr. Windham as
he shall think fit to have copies made of the same for his use
promising the Soc. that he will not permit the artist who copies
them to take any other copy than that intended for his use nor
will communicate the copies taken by him to any other person/

Difficulties It would appear that the dilatory progress made
with the further publication of these drawings

between

History of the Society of Dilettanti 99

was due to difficulties between Stuart and Revett, Stuart and
and that the Society decided in favour of the ******
former; for at a committee held on April 21, 1782,
it was

c Resolv'd That it is the opinion of this Committee that a Sum
not exceeding ^"xco be granted to Mr. Revett as a full compensation
for all his Claims upon the Society including his payment for
finishing Drawings by order of the Society and for work done upon
and paid for an unfinished plate.

c On condition that he gives up to the Society as there property
all Memorandums, Scetches and other Private Remarks taken by
him during the voyage to Greece and Asia Minor which he made
under the Patronage of the said Soc'

* That whereas the Learned Judge Potter by his hereditary
Knowledge of Grecian Antiquities and that he has acquired of the
Laws of his Country is amply able to prepare a proper acquitance
to Rivett the said Mr. Rivett to the Performance of his part of
this Contract he be requested by the Society to produce a Draught
of the said acquittance at their next Meeting.'

* That whereas the Secretaiy has received information that the
Plates of the Ionian Antiquities Formerly publish'd by this Society
were in the Possession of the Late Ld. Le Despencer at the time
of his Death the Secretary be empower'd to apply to the executors of
the said Late Ld. Le Despencer for the said Plates the Property
of the said Soc. and empower'd to receive the same.'

' That all the Drawings and Plans of the Propylaea and all
others of Fragments of Antiquities in the Acropolis belonging to
this Society be lent to Mr. Stuart for the space of one year in order
for their publication in the second volume of the Antiquities of
Athens.'

These recommendations of the committee were
ratified by the Society with the further proviso,
evidently passed in the hope of hastening matters,

' The said Mr. Stuart agreeing to return the same into the hands
of the Secretary within twelve months from the Day when they
shall be deliverd to him and to publish engravings of each and
every one of them in the second vol. of his Work entitled Anti-
quities of Athens within eighteen months from the said day on
which they shall be delivered by hand or present to the Society
finishd proofs of all of them under the Penalty of 20 guineas
to be paid by him the said Mr. Stuart and applied to the General
Fund.'

H 1

ioo History of the Society of Dilettanti

Appoint-
ment of a
committee*

Revett still, however, had to be disposed of, and in
May, 1782, the committee for publishing the drawings
resolved

* That the Receipt prepared by Mr. Justice Potter according to
the order of this Committee at their last Meeting does appear to
this Committee to be a proper and sufficient Receipt.'

' That it is the opinion of this Committee that all the Remain-
ing perfect Copies of the Ionian Antiquities now in the Hands
of Mr. Revett be bought by the Society at 1 f shill. a piece/

< That every member of this Soc. who shall desire to purchase
(Bona fide for himself) the Ionian Antiquities, shall have them at
the Price paid to Mr. Revett by the Society and that all profits by
the future public sale of the Ionian Antiquities shall be applied
to the intended publication of the Remaining Antiquities in
addition to the ^i^o proposed to be given out of the Income
of the Society.'

It was also resolved

c That in order for the Publication of the Remaining unpublished
Drawings made by Messrs. Revett and Pars in Ionia and Asia
Minor the Society be requested to appoint a Select Committee
of its own Members to take the Charge of, and direct the said
publication — which Committee shall be answerable for the care
and accuracy with which the publication shall be conducted.'

'That a sum not exceeding £i<)0 for one year be appropriated
out of the Income of the Soc. to the engraving of such Drawings
etc. as the Committee shall judge worthy of Publication, together
with such Letterpress as shall be thought necessary for the Explan-
ation thereof, and that the Committee shall at the end of the
year report to the Society the progress of their said work.'

* That when any Numero of the said work shall be fit for
Publication, a perfect copy of the said Numero shall be presented
by the Society to each of its members.'

The committee appointed for this purpose of the
Society consisted of Mr. Knight, Mr. Windham,
Mr. Peachey, Mr. Stuart, and Mr. Gore. In May,
1783, Mr. Revett produced 200 copies of the Ionian
Antiquities^ which were collated and found correct.
On March, 13, 1785-, it is recorded

< That Lord Sandwich moved, Mr. Potter seconded that in-

History of the Society of Dilettanti 101

st ructions be given to the Committee of Publication to assist
Mr. Stuart immediately and effectually towards the Publication
of his Athenian Antiquities but that the said Committee be
answerable to the Society for the Property of the Plates engravd
at their expence untill the Publication of the second volume of the
said Athenian Antiquities be actually effected which motion being
put was agreed to nem. con.'

On February 26, 1786,

1 Mr. Stuart attended and informed the Committee that he had
been prevented by indisposition from Collecting together the
Drawings belonging to the Society but intended to do so forthwith.'

And on March, 19, 1786,

1 Mr. Stuart delivered in the Drawings intrusted to him by the
Society for the Finishing his Athenian Antiquities which being
compared with the scedule were found right and return'd to him.'

The second volume of Stuart's Antiquities of Death of
Athens made this slow progress, no doubt, owing to Stuart:
the increasing age and infirmities of the author. ^Zlii^tkn
Stuart had been appointed Painter to the Society, and of 'Athenian
through the influence of Lord Anson had obtained Antiquities,'
the almost sinecure post of Surveyor to Greenwich . * n> tlly
Hospital. He was employed in architectural work
of a classical nature by Earl Spencer, Lord Anson
(whose house in St. James's Square, designed by Stuart,
is stated to have been the first building of Grecian
architecture in London), and Lord Eardley. He
was helped in the preparation of the volume by
his assistant and successor at Greenwich, William
Newton, whose brother, James Newton, engraved
some of the plates. It was almost ready for publica-
tion toward the end of the year 1787, but its final
appearance was delayed by Stuart's death, which
occurred in February, 1788. It was then at last
issued by his widow, although it bears the date
1787. Prefixed was a 'Letter to the Public from
Elizabeth widow of James Stuart,' in which she

ioi History of the Society of "Dilettanti

states, c to the gentlemen of the Dilettanti Society
I am greatly beholden, they having, with the utmost
liberality, presented me with many of the plates,
necessary to complete the volume, from original
drawings in their possession'; and again, 'Com-
pleted by the assistance of William Newton of
Greenwich, having been left unfinished by the sudden
death of Stuart, who had been very infirm for some
years and left his papers in great disorder. The
completion of the work is entirely due to the
Society of Dilettanti.' In a minute of June i, 1788,
Mr. Windham moved and Mr. Knight seconded,

'That the vote of March 13, 1785: in Favor of Mr. Stuart be
renewed on behalf of his Widow on condition that the expenditure
of the money of the Society be limited to the Paying for Plates of
the Drawings lent by them for the completion of the second volume
of the Athenian Antiquities. It was understood that £300 would
fully answer the purpose and that probably the business would be
effected for Less money but it was thought proper to Leave the
Committee without any Limitation.'

In 1794 Stuart's executors published a third
volume, the editing of which was entrusted to
Mr. Willey Reveley, the architect. To this volume
the Society of Dilettanti contributed, as appears
from a minute of May 10, 1790 —

'The 3rd volume of the Antiquities of Athens being undertaken
under the direction of the executors of the Late Mr. Stuart,
Mr. Windham proposd that two drawings now in the possession
of the Committee of publication viz : — the two views of the Temple
of Jupiter Olympius at Athens be Lent to the managers of that
work in order that a plate may be engravd from them to be
inserted in it which was unanimously agreed to/

In 1 8 14 a fourth volume was published by Mr. John
Taylor and edited by Mr. Joseph Woods. This
last volume contained biographies of Stuart and
Revett, an engraved portrait of Revett, and numerous
extracts from Stuart and Revett's miscellaneous notes

History of the Society of Dilettanti 103

and journals, including their notes on the antiquities
of Pola K

Meanwhile the Committee of Publication con- Publication
tinued to prepare for publication a second volume of 'Ionian
of the Ionian Antiquities. In 1783 the committee **?&****
resolved at successive meetings : —

4 That the Drawings of the Temple at Jackly should be engraved
— Mr. Byrne upon being applied to agreed to undertake the
engraving the View of the said Temple for the price of 70 guineas
and to finish the same by Christmas next/ — c That the plan and
parts at large at Jackly be delivered to Mr. Newton to whom
they were accordingly given for engraving.' — c That the Drawing
of the Elevation of the Columns of the temple at Jackly be
delivered to Mr. Newton for the purpose of engraving the same/

The number of drawings selected for this work did
not however appear to be sufficient, so the com-
mittee in June, 1784, resolved

4 That the No. containing the drawings of the great Theatre
of Laodicea together with the view of the Stadium be fixed upon
for the next publication/

In May, 1790, Mr. Windham gave notice

c That the number which is at present in hand under the direction
of the Committee of publication is in great forwardness and will
he hopes be ready for delivery in the beginning of the next year/

The publication of the volume still hung fire, for

1 In 1830 a supplementary volume to the Antiquities of Athens,
intended to form a fifth volume to the whole, was published under
the title ' The Antiquities of Athens and other places in Greece, Sicily, etc.
Supplementary to the Antiquities of Athens by James Stuart and
Nicholas Revett, delineated and illustrated by C. R. Cockerell,
W. Kinnaird, T. L. Donaldson, W. Jenkins and W. Railton/

A new edition of vols, i, ii, and iii, edited by Kinnaird, was
published on a reduced scale during the years 18x5-30, with
a fresh volume of new matter, of which a limited issue was also
printed on large paper as vol. v, of the old edition. An abridged
version or epitome of the whole, with reduced copies of the plates
in outline, was published in manual form in 1841, and the third
edition of this abridgement was issued as one of the volumes in
Bonn's Illustrated Library.

104 History of the Society of Dilettanti

on April f, 1795*, Mr. Windham, on the part of the
Committee of Publication,

c Informed the Society that the Second volume of the Ionian
Antiquities is Finishd as far as the engravings and that nothing
remains to be done but printing the Letterpress and engraving
the vignettes, that he had examind the engraving bills delivered
into the hands of the Committee by the Secretary and found them
right. He remarkd that some views had been brought home
by Sir Rob* Ainslie of which the Architectural parts of similar
buildings were already engraved and that Sr Rob* had Liberally
offered them to the Society in order to their being engravd for the
completion of the work.'

It was resolved

£ That Sr Rob* Ainslie's Liberal offer be accepted on the Part of
the Society and that the Committee be directed to avail themselves
thcreoff according to their discretion.'

The second volume of the Ionian Antiquities was
at last published in 1797 as a continuation of
vol. i. Chapter v (the first of the second volume)
contained views of the Temple (of Jupiter Panhel-
lenius) at Aegina, the Temple of Sunium, the Temple
of Jupiter Nemeus between Argos and Corinth, and
the Temple of Ceres at Eleusis. Chapter vi con-
tained a miscellaneous collection of antiquities at
Mylasa, Stratonice, Ephesus, Miletus, Laodicea, and
in Lycia and Troas. Four of the Lycian views
were taken from the drawings done by L. Mayer
(otherwise Myers), a German artist, for Sir Robert
Ainslie. It would seem that the volume was issued
in numbers, but there is no mention of any number,
except No. 5-, being issued separately.
Custody of The marbles brought home by the members of the
the Sjicittfs Ionian expedition had been at first entrusted by the
Society to the care of one of its members, Mr. Brand.
On his death in 177 1, it was ordered

1 That the Secretary do write a Letter to Mr. Brand to desire
him to deliver the Antiquities belonging to the Society of the

History of the Society of Dilettanti io?

Dillettanti which were deposited at his Father's House (our late
worthy member) to the care of Lord Clanbrassil : "

and in May, 1771, it was reported

cThat Mr. Revett received the Antiquities belonging to the
Society from Mr. Brand and delivered them to the care of Lord
Clanbrassil/

In December, i77f, they were again transferred, this
time to the care of Lord Bessborough. In May,
1778, the Secretary reported to the Society

' That in consequence of their orders he had waited on Ld.
Bessborough and reccivd from him the Marbles belonging to the
Society, which he had deposited in his own house; that Ld.
Bessborough had presented 3 marble heads to the Society which
the Secretary had deposited with the rest of the marbles of the
Society, that a peice of the principall inscription was wanting when
the Secretary reccivd it.'

The Secretary at this date was Sir Joseph Banks, who
seems from this to have received them into his own
house. On May n, 1783, an interesting minute
occurs.

c Resolvd that Mr. Flaxman have permission to modell a Bass
Rcleif of a mans and a hoises head the property of the Society in
the Secretary's house.'

This appears to have been the fragment of the
frieze of the Parthenon, brought home by Chandler,
and now in the British Museum. On April d,
1784, Mr. Colman moved and Lord Mulgrave
seconded

c That the marbles formerly a part of the Frieze of the temple
of Minerva Parthenon the property of this Society be deposited in
the custody of the Royal Academy, until reclaimd by us their
owners, the President of the Royal Academy signing a receipt in
the name of the Royal Academy Binding the President and
Members of the said Royal Academy to return the said Marbles
whenever they are Demanded by order of the Dilettanti Society
signified through their Secretary for the time being.'

io6 History of the Society of "Dilettanti

Marbles These fragments of the frieze from the Parthenon

~ . appear to have remained in the custody of the Royal

presentfdto Academy until 1817, when they were handed over

the British to the British Museum. On May 22, 1784, Mr.

Museum. Peachey moved, Mr. Windham seconded,

'That all Marbles the Property of the Dilettanti Society, on
which are inscriptions, be presented to the British Museum which
motion being put was carried on condition that they are placd
in such situations as the Members of the Dilettanti Society who
are Trustees of the British Museum shall approve and proper
inscriptions be affixed to them Commemorating the gift of the
Dilettanti Society.'

On March 13, 1785*, the secretary read a letter
from the Trustees of the British Museum by the
hands of their secretary, the Revd. Mr. Harper, as
follows : —

British Museum, January 7/1785-.
Sir,

I am ordcrd by the standing Committee of the Trustees
of the British Museum to request the Favor of you to return their
respectfull Thanks to the Society of Dilettanti for the very valuable
present of Marbles with which they have been pleasd to enrich
this Collection and to assure them of their readiness to comply
with the conditions annexd thereto.

(Signed) J. Harper, Sec.
Sir Jos. Banks, Bart.

Sec. to the Society of Dilettanti.

At a later date all the drawings made by Revett and
Pars were deposited by the Society of the Dilettanti
with the Trustees of the British Museum. They were
entrusted to the care of the Keeper of the Greek and
Roman Antiquities, but were transferred to that of
the Keeper of the Prints and Drawings until 1893,
when they were, with the exception of certain
selected water-colour drawings by Pars, retransf erred
to the department of Classical Antiquities.

CHAPTER V

Personal changes in the Society — New members — Deaths
of Founders — New spirit among their successors —
J. C. Crowle — Sir Joseph Banks — Charles Greville
— Sir William Hamilton — Sir Richard Worsley,
Mr. Peachey, and Sir George Beaumont — Charles
Townley — Richard Payne Knight — Sir Henry Engle-
field — Hamilton and the ritual of hernia — DHan-
carville — The 'Priapeia • — Reception of the volume —
Retrospect: work of the Dilettanti in Italy — Work
in Greece and Asia Minor — Further enterprises:
new Publication Committee — c Specimens of Antient
Sculpture' — Mode of publication — Proposed second
volume — Opportunities lost meanwhile — Sir William
Flamiltoiis notes and drawings — Letter from Lord
Elgin — The Parthenon Marbles since Carrey — Thomas
Harrison — Action taken by Lord Elgin — Lord Elgin
and the Dilettanti — Influence of Payne Knight in
discrediting the Marbles — Champions on the other
side : West, Fuseli, Hay don — Progress of the Con-
troversy— Crown Prince of Bavaria, Visconti, Canova —
The Select Committee — Final result.

IN narrating the circumstances attending the long- Personal
delayed publication of Ionian Antiquities, vol. ii, chimps m
we have passed somewhat beyond the proper Society.
limits of the last chapter, which deals in the main
with the period in the Society's history comprised
between 17^0 and 1790. During this interval the
personal changes arising from the election of new
members and the disappearance of old had naturally

108 History of the Society of Dilettanti

been many. We have seen how, about the beginning of
the period, fresh blood was introduced in the persons
of several artists and scholars engaged in the practical
labours of exploring and publishing the remains of
ancient art in Greece and Asia Minor. At the same
time the original character of the Society was kept
up by the admission of a steady flow of new members,
recruited chiefly from the governing families of the
country, and including many names well known in
political and social life.
New Such were Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess

members. 0f Rockingham, the Whig Prime Minister and
friend of Burke, who was the fourth of his family
to join the ranks of the Dilettanti; the Dukes of Rich-
mond, Roxburghe, Buccleuch, and Marlborough; the
Earls of Charlemont, Upper Ossory, Clanbrassil, and
Earl Spencer; Sir Thomas Robinson, afterwards Lord
Grantham; and Viscount Palmerston. Charles James
Fox was elected at the age of twenty : and there ap-
pear on the list some members of the family of Pitt,
but not those either of the Great Commoner himself
or of his father. The army sent Lord Ligonier and
Colonel Henry St. John ; the navy, Augustus Hervey,
the original husband of the bigamous Duchess of
Kingston, and his nephew Constantine Phipps, the
Arctic explorer, afterwards Lord Mulgrave. Other
sections of society and fashion were represented
by such men as the Honourable Charles Greville,
George Selwyn, the famous wit, with Bennet Langton
and Topham Beauclerk, the friends of Johnson. One
member earned distinction of a fortunately unique
description ; Robert Fitzgerald, by birth and marriage
connected with the best families in the land, was
found guilty of murder of a very atrocious descrip-
tion, and suffered the just expiation of his crimes upon

History of the Society of Dilettanti 109

the gallows. The bar was represented by John
Charles Crowle, of whom more hereafter. Commerce
sent Luke Scrafton, who was for some years governor
of Bengal, and being sent out with Governor Van-
sittart to inquire into the affairs of India was lost
at sea in the Aurora frigate in 1 7 7 o. Science furnished
a powerful representative in the person of Sir
Joseph Banks, who was destined, as we shall see, to
take a very prominent place in the affairs of the
Society. The drama and dramatic literature con-
tributed David Garrick and George Colman. From
the ranks of art came first and foremost Sir Joshua
Reynolds (who was elected in 1764 and appointed
Painter to the Society in 1769, an office which he
continued to hold until his death), as well as
Nathaniel Dance, and (coming down to a date a few
years later than the limit mentioned at the beginning
of this chapter) Sir Thomas Lawrence and Benjamin
West, who were both elected in 1792. At the same
time it happened that antiquaries and dilettanti
rproperly so called, the professed lovers, collectors, and
connoisseurs of art,) began to hold an increasingly
prominent place in the Society's ranks. Distinguished
among these were Sir William Hamilton (unless he
is rather to be counted in his other capacity as
a diplomatist), Sir Richard Worsley, Sir George
Beaumont, the Honourable John Peachey, afterwards
Lord Selsey, Philip Metcalfe (one of the executors
of Sir Joshua Reynolds's will), Joseph Windham
(a member of the Norfolk branch of that family),
Richard Payne Knight, Charles Gore, Charles
Townley, Sir Henry Englefield, Dr. Ash, and in the
last years of the century the Rev. C. M. Cracherode.
To most of these names we shall presently recur :
four at least of them, viz. Hamilton, Payne Knight,

no History of the Society of Dilettanti

Townley, and Cracherode, will be held in permanent
remembrance on account of the great collections of
works of art which passed by bequest or purchase
from their hands into those of the nation, and
between them compose no inconsiderable proportion
of the public treasures at the British Museum.
Deaths of In the meantime most of the founders of the
Founders. Society, and not a few men of those who may be
regaraed as belonging to the second generation of
its members, had in the course of nature fallen
out of its ranks. Mr. Harris, its first Treasurer,
was one of the earliest to go in 1764, followed
in the next year by the gay Sewallis Shirley. In
1769 died Mr. Howe and the Duke of Dorset, better
known to the Society as the Earl of Middlesex ;
in 1 77 1 Daniel Boone, the Duke of Bedford, and
Mr. Robert Wood, the explorer and first director
of the Society's archaeological ventures. In 1773
both the brothers Gray, who may be ranked among
the true founders of the Society, followed each
other quickly into the grave ; Sir James first, leaving
the baronetcy to be held for a few months only
by his brother, the General. Both died past the
years of the Psalmist, but, curious to say, left
a mother to mourn their loss. Earl Harcourt died
in 1777, Knapton the painter and the Earl of Holder-
nesse in 1778, Earl Temple in 1779, 'Athenian'
Stuart in 1 7 8 o. In 1 7 8 1 Lord le Despencer (under
which title the conspicuous name of Sir Francis
Dashwood was somewhat obscured) paid the debt
of nature after a long and varied, not wholly in-
famous, nor even wholly inglorious career. Fauquier
the banker, who had been Treasurer to the Society
for a few years, died in 1788. The Earl of Sandwich
succumbed in 1792, dying, as he lived, hard, and

1 A R.L OF S ANDWICH

History of the Society of Dilettanti in

leaving a name to be battened upon by litefary and
historical scandal-mongers. With all his vices, he
was a man of unquestionable ability, and a true
and industrious servant of his sovereign and his
country. The last survivor among the original
members was William Ponsonby, Earl of Bessborough,
who did not quit the scene until 1793.

The leading place which had at first been held in New spirit
the councils of the Society by such men as these was among their
gradually assumed by successors of a somewhat successors-
different stamp. The first Dilettanti had been
a company of gay and brilliant carousers, animated
both by the passion and the fashion for art, but
professing no special knowledge of their own. They
wrote no essays and delivered no oracular opinions
upon the subjects in which they took a common
interest. What they did was to select the best men
they could to carry out the work they desired to see
accomplished, and in most instances to testify to their
sense of the workers' merits by electing them in due
course members of the Society — a highly coveted
social distinction. The work done, they presented
it to the world at large in as handsome and complete
a form as they could, displaying thereby not only
their true enthusiasm for the subject, but a generous
and honourable public spirit. But from the beginning
of the period on which we are now entering (about
1 78 0-18 20) the guiding spirits of the Society were
chiefly drawn from the special group of cultivated
amateurs whose accession to their ranks has just been
mentioned. Some of these gentlemen were not
content to be merely patrons and collectors, but
must needs take the tone of savants and professors.
To their minds the pursuit of antiquarian knowledge
was a perquisite of wealth and influential position,

in History of the Society of Dilettanti

and under their guidance the Society was sometimes
induced to pose as the oracle and arbiter of taste
and learning, pronouncing judgement with dogmatic
authority, and not always according to wisdom. In
some directions they did excellent work ; in others
they were betrayed into errors of judgement which
will have to be recorded in the present chapter.
The names of members on whom we have to dwell
as taking a special prominent place in the records of
the Society, after the gradual disappearance of its
founders, are John Charles Crowle, Sir Joseph Banks,
Charles Greville and his uncle Sir William Hamilton,
Sir Richard Worsley, the Honourable J. Peachey, Sir
George Beaumont, Charles Townley, Richard Payne
Knight, and Sir Henry Englefield.
J.c. In 1774 Mr. Fauquier, who had succeeded Lieu-

crow/e, tenant-General Gray in 177 1 as Secretary and
Treasurer, resigned his post, and, as entered on the
minutes of February tf, 1774,

c Mr. Fauquier desiring to quit the post of officiating Secretary
the Society accepted of the same, and Mr. Crowle was desired by the
Society to accept of the said post, and He was pleas'd to consent to
the wishes of the Society.'

John Charles Crowle was a barrister, who earned
some notoriety at the time of the Westminster election
in 1749, which resulted in a scrutiny being held that
lasted for five months. Crowle, who was counsel
for Sir George Vandeput, was accused of having un-
duly prolonged the scrutiny, and also of having
spoken of the orders of the House of Commons
as brutum fulmen. For this misdemeanour he was
ordered to appear at the bar of the House of
Commons, and solemnly reprimanded upon his
knees by the Speaker. On rising Crowle wiped his
knees, and said that it was the dirtiest place he

WILLIAM FAUQUIER, ESQ

History of the Society of Dilettanti 113

had ever been in. Crowle was the owner of Fryston

Hall in Yorkshire, the seat in the present century of

another well-known Dilettante, Lord Houghton. He

was a noted joker and boon companion, and left

a tangible proof of his interest in art and antiquity 1

in the illustrated and interleaved copy of Pennant's

History of London which he bequeathed to the British

Museum. He was the hero of a duel with Lord

Hervey, celebrated by Sir Charles Hanbury Williams

in some satirical verses entitled 'The Merry Campaign ;

or, the Westminster and Green Park Scuffle, a New

Court Ballad To the Tune of " Chevy Chase." '

Crowle seems to have been somewhat irregular in his
business habits, for on January 2 2, 1 77 y, it is recorded :

' Nothing more done, Mr. Secretary Charles John Crowle being
absent without leave, having neglected to prepare the Bcoks, and
having appointed a Deputy totally incapable.'

Crowle held office until March, 1778, when

'Mr. Crowle Having desired to resign the Office of Secretary
He was permitted so to do and Mr. Banks was desired to accept
the same which he accordingly did.'

Sir Joseph Banks holds so high a position among sir Joseph
the ranks of English worthies that it is hardly Banks.
necessary to give any account of him here. His
succession to the family estate of Revesby in Lincoln-
shire put him in a position while still young to satisfy
his passion for botanical science and for travel j and
his indomitable strength of character . carried him
victoriously alike through the adventures of his
earlier and the conflicts of his later career. Through
the influence of Lord Sandwich, Banks and his friend
Dr. Solander were enabled to accompany Captain
Cook's first famous voyage in the Endeavour^ which
lasted from 176% to 1771. It is noteworthy that
whereas a former prominent member of the Society,

ii4- History of the Society of Dilettanti

the Earl of Sandwich, gave his name to the Sandwich
Islands, the once famous Botany Bay owed its name
to the field for successful research which it afforded
to Banks and his companion Solander. Banks was
proposed as a member of the Society of Dilettanti by
'Athenian ' Stuart and elected on February 6, 1774.
In November, 1778, he was elected President of the
Royal Society, a post which he held — for a while in
the face of vehement opposition — until his death in
1820, when he bequeathed his valuable library to
the British Museum, thus becoming a second founder,
after Sir Hans Sloane, of what is now the Museum
of Natural History. Banks was one of the most dis-
tinguished and honoured members of the Society of
Dilettanti. In spite of his numerous occupations
elsewhere, he continued to act as Treasurer and
Secretary of the Society until June, 1794, when he
resigned the former office to Mr. Philip Metcalfe, and
as Secretary alone until February 19, 1797, when the
following entry was made in the minutes : —

' A letter was received this day from Sir Jos. Banks to the great
Regret of the Society, expressing his intention of resigning the
office of Secretary (which he has performed so much to their
satisfaction & advantage for eighteen years).

' OrderM That a Letter be written to him by the Treasurer
conveying in the Strongest terms their regret at losing so good &c
useful! an officer, & hoping shou'd he persist in his determination
that he will attend the Call on Sunday 5th March & to hope that
he will retain the office, till a successor be appointed/

charhs Charles Greville, who on the promotion of Banks

Grevllle. to be Secretary of the Society succeeded him in the
office of Very High, was a younger son of the Earl
of Warwick and nephew of Sir William Hamilton.
He was one of the best-known men in the England
of his day, a leader ofbaut tony member of Parliament,
and well-known amateur and collector of coins,

History of the Society of "Dilettanti 115-

gems, and engravings. He has earned a niche in the
temple of history less for his wit and culture than
for the circumstances of his connexion with the
beautiful Emma Lyon. She had lived with Greville
for four years as his mistress and received from him
a kind or education before he passed her on to the
protection of his uncle. Moreover, it was through
Greville that the famous Emma received her introduc-
tion to Romney the painter, the results of which have
perhaps done more to recommend her to the favour of
posterity than any of the other adventures of her life.
A portrait of Greville appears in ZofFany's picture of
Charles Townley in his gallery of antiquities, and an-
other in one of Sir Joshua Reynolds's famous groups of
Dilettanti portraits, reproduced in the present volume.

Sir William Hamilton, K.B., was a diplomatist of Sk William
distinction, and rendered important services to his Hamtlton-
country and to the kingdom of Naples during the
twenty-six years that he acted as British envoy and
plenipotentiary to that court. He was more fortu-
nate than his nephew Greville, in that his connexion
with the woman who eventually became his wife and
Nelson's mistress did not obscure the considerable and
not to be forgotten services which he contributed to
the cause of classical archaeology. His earliest studies
were chiefly connected with the volcanic phenomena
of Vesuvius and the excavations then in progress
at Pompeii and Herculaneum, which he supported
both by his enthusiasm and his purse. In 1766
Hamilton commenced his famous collection of Greek
vases, terra -cottas, bronzes, and gold ornaments, which
he sold to the nation in 1772. This collection formed
the nucleus of the Department of Greek and Roman
Antiquities in the British Museum. While it was
still in Hamilton's hands, he caused it to be illustrated

I z

Sir Richard
Worsley ;
Mr.

Peachey }
Sir George
Beaumont.

ii(5 History of the Society of Dilettanti

and described in a great work of four volumes with
text by D'Hancarville, a French antiquary and scholar
then in undeserved repute ; but deeply as the world of
art is indebted to Sir William Hamilton for his col-
lections of Greek vases, it is rather from the vases
themselves that the modern student acquires informa-
tion than from the splendid and ponderous folios on
which Hamilton lavished so much time and expense.
A second collection formed by Hamilton passed — at
least as much of it as was rescued from shipwreck —
into the collection of Mr. Hope of Deepdene. Elected
a member of the Dilettanti in 1777, Hamilton was
prevented by his residence at Naples from being more
than a rare attendant at its meetings.

Sir Richard Worsley, who, like Sir James Gray, was
for some time British Resident at Venice, made a tour
through Greece and the islands and coast of Asia
Minor in 1 7 8 j-6. He formed a large and valuable
collection of classical antiquities on the spot, and was
fortunate enough to succeed in bringing his collection
safe back to England. He spared no expense in
following the examples of Stuart and Revett and
of the Society of Dilettanti in causing the most im-
portant specimens of his collection (and with them
some drawings done for the Dilettanti by Pars) to be
engraved and published in two important and valu-
able volumes, known as the Museum Worsleyanum.
His collection, formerly stored at Appuldurcombe,
in the Isle of Wight, passed to his niece Miss Simpson,
afterwards wife of the Earl of Yarborough, and
is now housed at Brocklesby Park <« The Hon.
John Peachey, who afterwards succeeded his father

1 A new catalogue of this collection has by desire of the
present Earl of Yarborough been prepared by Mr. A. H. Smith, of
the British Museum.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 117

as second Lord Selsey, was another young English
nobleman who had been captivated in Rome by the
remains of classic antiquity, and had formed a small
collection of marbles under the auspices of Jenkins
and Gavin Hamilton. Sir George Howland Beau-
mont, Bart., was a well-known figure in the history
of art in England. His name is more closely con-
nected with the art of painting and the foundation
of a National Gallery than with the antiquities of
Greece and Rome, and will perhaps be longest re-
membered by reason of his friendship with the poet
Wordsworth ; but there was no branch of art in
which he did not take a genuine and a liberal interest.

Charles Townley, of Townley in Lancashire, is Charles
perhaps the most conspicuous figure among those Townley.
amateurs of art in the eighteenth century who
devoted zeal and money almost entirely to the
acquisition of the remains of classical antiquity
which were being yielded up by the golden soil
of Italy. A Catholic and a Jacobite by family,
he was brought up on the Continent, and lived at
Rome from 176? to 1772. He was an intimate
friend of Sir William Hamilton, and associated
himself with Gavin Hamilton and Jenkins in pro-
moting the excavations at Rome and partaking
of the fruits thereof. Many of the chief prizes
fell to Townley 's purse, in spite of the rivalry
of the potentate collectors at the Vatican. These
included bronzes, vases, gems, and coins, as
well as marbles. In 1772 Townley brought his
collection to London and fitted up a gallery at
7 Park Street, Westminster, losing no opportunity
of adding to it any treasures from private collections
in England which came within his reach. His
house was the centre of an artistic circle, which

ti8 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti

included many members of the Society of Dilettanti,
but was by no means confined to those who were
amateurs of his own particular line of art. A well-
known painting by Zoffany shows Townley in his
gallery with D'Hancarville the writer, Charles
Greville, and Thomas Astle. In 179 1 Townley
was made a trustee of the British Museum. The
purchase of Sir William Hamilton's collection in
1772 had laid, as has been said, the foundation
of a Department of Classical Antiquities. In order
to further this object and to create a public collection
which could compete with that which was rapidly
being formed in the Vatican at Rome, Townley
decided in 1802 to bequeath his collection of marbles
to the British Museum. After his death in 1805-
circumstances prevented his wishes from being carried
out ; but the nation were enabled to purchase the
marbles for the very moderate sum of £20,000, and
with this purchase the history of the Department
of Classical Antiquities in the British Museum may
be said to commence so far as concerns the acquisition,
in any considerable quantity, of ancient sculptures.
Richard A third Englishman of this time who may be

Payne ranked with Hamilton and Townley among pioneers

n'g ' of classical archaeology, enrichers and benefactors
of the British Museum, and guiding spirits of the
Society of Dilettanti, was Richard Payne Knight.
A member of a well-known family in Herefordshire,
Payne Knight went to Italy in 1767 at the age of
seventeen, and paid repeated visits there of more or
lessprolonged duration for about twenty years, in close
association with Townley, Hamilton, and other ama-
teurs. In company with Charles Gore, an enthusiastic
artist and antiquary, and Johann Philipp Hackert, a
well-known German landscape painter at Rome, he

'kuAtnce.. .?rf,A.&«*.

R. PAYNE KNIGHT. ESQ.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 119

made in the spring of 1777 a. three months' tour in
Sicily, visiting the great temples of Agrigentum,
Selinus, Egesta, and other spots famous for their
remains of antiquity and art. Knight kept a careful
diary of this journey, and Gore made several impor-
tant drawings, some of which are now in the print-
room at the British Museum. Knight and Gore were
elected members of the Society of Dilettanti on May
d, 178 1. Gore's connexion with the Society was ter-
minated a few years later by his taking up his final
residence at Florence, but Knight became the ruling
spirit of the Society so far as concerned the study of
classical archaeology, and remained so until his death
in 1824. Knight's Sicilian diary gained for him an
unexpected immortality. It came into the hands of
no less a person than Goethe, who was so deeply
interested in it that he translated it into German,
and published it under the title of Tagebuch einer
fteise nach Sicilien. This was the second time that
a treatise by an individual member of the Dilettanti
had the good fortune to act upon the general mind
and culture of Europe, producing effects out of
proportion to any critical or scientific value of its
own. First the Polymetis of Spence, the elegant
compilation of an old-fashioned scholar on whom a
sense of the true methods of archaeological study had
not yet dawned, provoked from Lessing the chief part
of the arguments in his immortal Laocoon ; and now
the travelling diary of Payne Knight helped to
awaken and stimulate in Goethe that deep and
luminous appreciation of classical art which became
so large a part of his intellectual endowment.
Knight posed as the arbiter of taste in London
society j he delivered his opinions with somewhat
the air of an oracle, and published various essays

Sir Henry
Englejield.

Hamilton
and the
ritual of
hernia.

no History of the Society of Dilettanti

on ancient art, literature, and antiquities, written
with a genuine enthusiasm for his subjects, but
with a love of strained interpretations and a some-
what unsound and fantastic quality of erudition.
Posterity therefore has inclined to rate him perhaps
below the value of the influence which he un-
doubtedly exercised on the culture of his time. It was
as a collector that he was chiefly and really eminent.
His cabinet of antiquities included marbles, gems,
coins, and bronzes, and was strongest in the last
three departments, in which he had real discrimina-
tion, although little, as the sequel will show, in
sculpture. He was also an energetic collector of
drawings by the old masters, especially Claude ; and
his acquisitions in both kinds formed a very impor-
tant addition to the treasures of the British Museum,
to which they were bequeathed on his death.

Yet another enthusiastic antiquary among the
Dilettanti was Sir Henry Englefield, Bart. He
joined the Society in the same year as Payne Knight
(1781)5 but his most active participation in its
affairs took place after 1808, when he was appointed
Secretary. He was a Catholic gentleman of cultivated
tastes and charming conversation, the owner of an
important collection of Greek and Etruscan vases,
a Fellow of the Royal Society and the Society of
Antiquaries, who contributed to the Transactions
of both bodies, writing and speaking with claims
to authority on subjects so diverse as botany,
astronomy, church architecture, English topography
and landscape, and Catholic practice and doctrine.

On May 22, 1784, it was resolved

c That the Committee of publication be requested to undertake
to Print Sir William Hamilton's letter concerning the great toes
of the Holy Martyrs S. Cosmo & Damiano with such illustrations

History of the Society of Dilettanti ixi

as they think proper & to cause the drawing annexed to be
ingraved for the use of the members of the Society and that the
expence of doing it be not considered as part of the original grant/

This somewhat cryptic minute is the first record of J
what proved an unfortunate error of judgement on
the part of the Society. Sir William Hamilton, in the
course of his long residence as envoy at Naples, lost
no opportunity of searching the kingdom of Naples
for any remains of classical antiquity which could
be discovered. In the course of these investigations
he discovered that at a small town in that kingdom
called Isernia a curious ritual still survived, in
which the ancient phallic worship of the Romans
was maintained in all its primitive simplicity, in
combination with and under the shadow of the rites
paid at the shrine of the two martyrs, St. Cosmo and
St. Damian. Struck by the curiosity of this direct
survival from classical times, Hamilton communicated
an account of what he had witnessed to the Society
of Dilettanti in a letter addressed to Sir Joseph
Banks from Naples on December 30, 1781. This
letter is the one alluded to in the above minute.

In 1784 Pierre Francois Hugues, better known by D*Havear~
his assumed name of D'Hancarville, came to London w/fe.
on a visit to Townley in Westminster. He had,
as has been already mentioned, been associated with
Sir William Hamilton in the production of the
famous work illustrating Hamilton's first collection
and entitled Antiquites etrusques, grecques, et romaims,
(1766-7). Since then he had been engaged for many
years in compiling a vast work, entitled l{echerches sur
I'Origine^ F Esprit et les Progres des Arts ae la Grece,
which was published in London in 1787. The
work in question has been appropriately described
as c a fantastic farrago of mystico-symbolical revela-

ixx History of the Society of Dilettanti

tion and groundless hypotheses.' At this date there
was nothing approaching to an exact or scientific
appreciation of the symbolic rites observed in the
worship of their deities by pagan or Oriental races.
D'Hancarville, in spite of the gross absurdities which
abound in his work, must be regarded as one of the
earliest writers to attempt any such solution of
these difficult questions, which in the course of the
next hundred years have furnished matter of research
and speculation to so many more competent minds.
Among the subjects treated by D'Hancarville was that
of phallicism in ancient religious rites. His theories
and arguments completely fascinated the minds of
Townley and Payne Knight, and this infection was
communicated by them to the Society of Dilettanti.
The Society therefore, as recorded above, decided
to print and illustrate Hamilton's letter on the
curious rites which he had witnessed at Isernia.
The The work was entrusted to Payne Knight, who

<Pnapeia? added an essay of his own composition. The work
was ready for publication in 1786, and bore the
title of An Account of the Worship of Priapus, lately
existing at Isernia in the Kj-ngdom of Naples : in Two
Letters j One from Sir William Hamilton, K^.B., His
Majesty s Minister at the Court of Naples, to Sir Joseph
Banks, Bart., President of the fyyal Society ; and the other
from a Person residing at Isernia : To which is added,
A discourse on the Worship of Priapus, and its Connexion
with the Mystic Theology of the Ancients by 7(. P. tonight,
Esq. (London. Printed by T. Spilbury, Snowhill,
1786.) It was known shortly as the Priapeia. On
March 3, 1787, it is recorded in the minutes that

c Mr. Windham on the part of the Committee of publication
reported that the Priapeia ordered by the Society to be printed is
Finishd & ready for delivery.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 1x3

c Ordered, motion made by Ld. Bessborough, Father of the Society,
That the Thanks of this Society be given to R. P. Knight Esqre. for the
able & elegant manner in which he has investigated the interesting
& diiicult subject of this valuable work & that they be delivered
to him at the next meeting he shall attend by the arch-master or
his deputy appointed by the Society, dressd in his Crimson TafFety
Robe & other insignia of his office.

c That the Copies be lodg'd in the custody of the Secretary &:
one of them deliverd to each member of the Society, & that except
these he do not on any Pretence whatever part with any other copy
without an order made at a regular meeting/

c That each member be allowd once & no more to move the
Society recommending by name a Friend to whom he wishes the
Society to present a copy/

And again on April i, 1787,

cMr. Wilbraham as Deputy Arch-Master Dressd in all the
insignia of office returned the Thanks of the Society to R. P. Knight
Esq', for his able work of the Priapeia/

c Ordered that the Secretary do inscribe on the back of the title-
page of each the name of the Person to whom it is presented & the
circumstances of its being a Present from the Society of Dilettanti/

Copies of the work were presented under the
above orders to H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, the
British Museum, the Society of Antiquaries, the Royal
Society, the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, the
Royal Academy, the Royal Library, Copenhagen,
&c. Six extra copies were presented to Sir William
Hamilton, and twenty-five others to be distributed
among foreigners. The names of about eighty
noblemen, gentlemen, clergymen, antiquaries, and
others occur in the minutes as recipients of presenta-
tion copies, including those of Horace Walpole,
Dr. Combe, D'Hancarville, the Duke of Portland,
Lord Thurlow, Mr. Planta, Charles James Fox,
Mr. Astle, Mr. Malone, Mr. Gibbon, Mr. Wilkes,
the Duke of Roxburghe, Caleb Whitefoord, and other
notable persons, including distinguished foreigners.

It is evident that the Society in issuing this work Reception of
had no intention of publishing anything calculated to tb§ volume.

1X4 History of the Society of "Dilettanti

give offence or to be considered a breach of morality.
Its spirit is meant to be truly antiquarian: if the result
is both dull and grotesque, that is due partly to
the far-fetched mythological fancies which passed for
learning at the time, partly to a failure of tact and
humorous perception in the authors. Offence at any
rate the publication did give, and Payne Knight,
whose name was chiefly identified with the publica-
tion, was vehemently assailed on its account. Mathias,
a satirist of a violent and reckless description, dubbed
ca miserable imp ' by Dr. Wolcot, and branded by De
Quincey for c much mean and impotent spite ' and
1 systematic pedantry,' made a severe attack on him in
the work known as The Pursuits of Literature. These
and other attacks affected Payne Knight so much that
he did his best to call in all the copies he could of
the offending work, which is consequently of great
scarcity and especially in an unmutilated condition.
Retrospect: At the close of the eighteenth century the Society
-work of the 0f Dilettanti, notwithstanding such a slip in taste and
in Italy. ' judgement as this, might well look back with satis-
faction upon the work done by its members, both
collectively and individually, in the cause of classical
archaeology. Sixty or seventy years earlier, the
study of classical antiquities could hardly be said to
exist, while the collection of specimens and the
description of ancient buildings and sites were left
to a few casual travellers. The foundation of the
Society of Dilettanti brought together all the rich
young travellers of British birth in a kind of healthy
competition towards a single goal. Under the spur
of this competition purses were opened freely, and
with the help of English gold the soil of Rome and
the Campagna yielded up its long-buried treasures.
Without the zeal and perspicacity of such men as

History of the Society of Dilettanti 125-

Gavin Hamilton, Byres, Fagan, and Jenkins the
excavations might have been fruitless or barren, and
without the money of the Dilettanti they might have
been indefinitely postponed. The exertions of the
earlier English excavators, dealers, and collectors had
a further good effect in stimulating native rivalry.
Prelates like Cardinal Albani, popes like Clement
XIV and Pius VI, becoming alive to the value of
the treasures that the foreigner was exporting from
under their very eyes, were aroused to greater energy
in the formation of those marvellous collections
of marbles which are now displayed in the galleries
of Rome. In other countries the leaven of classical
enthusiasm worked more slowly. France, despite the
zeal of an amateur like Caylus and an artist like
Cochin, took little share in the classic revival of the '

eighteenth century until after the storms of the Re-
volution. Germany, it is true, produced in the person
of Winckelmann an archaeologist offar greater power
and insight than any of his English contemporaries ;
but in historical order the fame and European
influence of Winckelmann follows and does not
precede the efforts of the earlier English Dilettanti.

More important and more vital to the future of Work in
the study than the recovery and export to this G"Tflr/f'
country of classical remains from Italy, had been the "a mor'
work of the Society in exploring, measuring, and
publishing the antiquities of Greece itself and of
Ionia. It is to the credit of the Dilettanti that at
the outset they recognized the true and guiding
principle in classical archaeology, that the numberless
monuments of sculpture, architecture, or painting
which were continually being dug up in Rome,
Naples, or the surrounding districts, were in the
main but imperfect reflections of the pure light of

i%6 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Further
enterprises :
nevj "Publi-
cation
Committee.

' Specimens
of JLntient
Sculpture?

Hellenic art and culture, the true source of which
was to be found alone on the soil of Greece, the
Greek provinces of Asia Minor, or the islands of the
Archipelago. The great works of Stuart and Revett,
which the Dilettanti encouraged and assisted, the
Ionian Antiquities of Chandler, Revett, and Pars,
for which they were entirely responsible, remain as
the basis from which all classical archaeologists
have since worked.

Together with this honourable record of work
accomplished, the Society, as the century drew to an
end, found themselves in possession of an incentive
to new exertions in the shape of a comfortable
balance of about £10,000 in hand. Accordingly
they decided to embark on further ventures in the
domain of classical archaeology. On Feb. 10, 1799,
a motion was made and seconded

cThat a New Committee of Publication be appointed/

At a ballot held on March 3 the new committee
was constituted, its members being Mr. Knight,
Mr. Windham, Mr. Peachey, Mr. Townley, and Sir
Henry Englefield. It promptly commenced work
on a publication of a new kind, the object of which
was to illustrate and make known the choicest
specimens of ancient sculpture which had been
acquired by members of the Society abroad, and now
adorned their private mansions in England.
On May 10, 1799, the committee resolved

'That Mr. Townley and Mr. Knight do inquire for proper
engravers, and put a certain number of the drawings now selected
into their hands to be engraved during the summer • and also do
employ draughtsmen to make additional drawings from the different
collections of antiquities in London, giving draughts upon the
Treasurer of the Society for the work as it is executed, not exceed-
ing in the whole the sum of ^"200 till further orders.'

History of the Society of Dilettanti 117

The undertaking thus set on foot took shape in
due course in the beautifully executed work entitled
Select Specimens of Antient Sculpture preserved in the
several Collections of Great Britain. It was, as might
be expected, mainly promoted and carried out by
Payne Knight and Townley. The engraving of the
plates occupied eight years, from May, 1799, to
May, 1807. The sixty-three works of art selected
were chiefly taken from the collections of these two
gentlemen, twenty-three being from Mr. Knight's
collection, and twenty-three from Mr. Townley's.
Of the remainder, four came from the Marquess of
Lansdowne's collection, nine from the Earl of
Egremont's, two from Mr. Hope's, and one each
from those of the Earl of Yarborough and the
Earl of Cork. The volume contained seventy-five
plates, exclusive of head and tail pieces, and was
entrusted to the best draughtsmen and engravers
of the day. During its progress the Publication
Committee had been strengthened by the addition,
on February 10, i8oy, of Lord Northwick and
Mr. Thomas Hope, and later of the Earl of
Aberdeen, c Athenian Aberdeen.'

The Specimens were ready for publication in 1808, Mode of
about £2,300 having been expended upon the plates. /•****■*•
The Society took a new departure in determining
to issue the volume to the public. In March, 1808,
an agreement was made with Mr. Thomas Payne of
Pall Mall and Mr. John White of Fleet Street,
booksellers, to publisn the work on the following
terms. Messrs. Payne and White agreed to purchase
the work and the engraved copperplates for 2,000
guineas, and to print it in Colombier folio in the
most magnificent style; and the Committee of
Publication agreed to purchase fifty-five (afterwards

ix8 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti

increased to sixty) copies at fifteen guineas each
for distribution among the members of the Society,
these copies to be printed on paper of a larger
size than those to be issued by Messrs. Payne and
White for sale to the public. A copy was pre-
sented to the King through Mr. F. A. Barnard, the
royal librarian, another to the Prince of Wales
through Colonel MacMahon, and a third to the
British Museum. The expense borne by the Society
amounted therefore merely to the value of the
copies purchased by them ; but they retained no
copies for distribution to subsequent members, a
motion being made in April, 1808, by the Earl
of Aberdeen, seconded by Sir H. Englefield, and
carried unanimously, ' That no member elected
into the Society after March 21, 1808, shall be
entitled to receive the work now about to be
published,' a rule modified on March 4, 18 10, in
favour of Mr. F. Foster and Mr. Wilkins the
architect, the only two members who had been
elected during this interval. The full title of the
book as published was —

^/ Specimens

Antient Sculpture,

Aegyptian, Etruscan, Greek,

and

Roman :

selected from

Different Collections in Great Britain,

The Society of Dilettanti.

Vol. I.

T' ap\aC 6t oiada, koo. to, ko.iv ficret aacfxos.

London :

Printed by T. Bensley, Bolt Court,

For T. Payne, Pall Mall • and J. White and Co., Fleet Street.

1805).

History of the Society of Dilettanti 1x9

The book commences with a 'Preliminary Disserta- -proposed
tion on the Rise, Progress, and Decline of Antient second
Sculpture ' from the pen of Payne Knight. A second v0 ume'
volume was in immediate contemplation, some of
the plates even having been engraved before the
publication of the first; but this sequel was in
point of fact not completed until many years later.

During the years when the leading spirits among opportu-
the Dilettanti were thus engaged in preparing the nities lost
first volume of the Specimens, they unfortunately meanw
turned a deaf ear to other, and what in one instance
at least ought to have been far stronger, claims
on their attention. Such neglect was due partly,
no doubt, to pre-occupation with their own chosen
task, and partly also, it may perhaps be feared, to
some touch of that spirit of jealousy and prejudice
from which the pursuits of the collector and con-
noisseur are not always exempt.

One example occurs in the spring of 1803, when sir William
it is recorded under date March 6 that Hamilton's

notes ana

£ The Right Honble. Sir William Hamilton, K. B., offered to drawings.
this Society a collection of the original Notes and Drawings
relative to the Discoveries in the City of Herculaneum made
during the course of the excavations in that City by the Padre
Antonio Piazzi & by the Padre himself given to Sir Wm.
Hamilton, in order that the Society might publish the same in
such manner as they may think Proper.

< Resolv'd That the Society do accept from their worthy member
Sr Wm. Hamilton this most valuable present & do return their
sincere thanks for the same.

c Secondly That the Papers presented by Sr William Hamilton
be referred to the Committee of Publication, who on inspection
of them shall report to the Society their sentiments with respect
to the most eligible mode to be pursued in their publication.

c grdly. That the next ordinary meeting of the Society shall
be on Sunday April 17th on account of the Easter Holidays and
that an open Committee of this Society shall meet on Sunday,
March a 7th to consider of the Publication of the Manuscripts
communicated by Sir Wm. Hamilton.'

i go History of the Society of Dilettanti

In spite of the above minutes and of Hamilton's
own anxiety about these papers, which he described
in a letter to the President, dated March 2y, 1803, as
<a favourite child of mine,' the records of the
Society contain no further mention of the subject.
It cannot but be regretted that the Dilettanti did
not take advantage of this opportunity of identify-
ing themselves with the introduction to the world of
the long-buried treasures of Herculaneum, treasures
which, though for the most part of the late Roman
date, possess both from the artistic and the anti-
quarian points of view so profound and many-sided
an interest. Hamilton himself had been too ill
to attend the meeting where his offer was made,
and died within a month afterwards.
Letter from Another and far more regrettable mistake was
Lord Elgn. made about the same time by the Society under
the guidance of Payne Knight. The minutes for
1803 contain the following entry : —

'1803, Feb. 13. Read a Letter from Ld. Elgin to Th08.
Harrison, architect & from him to Mr. Townley on the subject
of his collection from Athens & other parts of Greece.

'Ordered that the said Letters be referred to the Commee
of Publication for them to report their opinion on the said papers.'

The Par- Before narrating the sequel it is necessary to

thenm revert for a moment to the history of the sculptured
^ince^carre decorations of tne Parthenon at Athens from the
point where we left it in Chapter IV. Allusion
was there made to the drawings from those
sculptures executed in 1674. for the Marquis
de Nointel by Jacques Carrey. While Carrey
was engaged on these drawings, Spon and Wheler
made their expedition to Greece and the Levant,
during which Spon made hasty notes of the
sculptures of the Parthenon and other buildings of

History of the Society of Dilettanti 131

the Acropolis. In one of these notes Spon hazarded
the opinion that two of the figures of the west
pediment resembled the Emperor Hadrian and the
Empress Sabina, and from this cursory note deduced
a theory that the sculptures, at least in the pedi-
ments, were a later addition to the temple. In
1687 came the bombardment of Athens by the
Venetians under Morosini and the partial destruc-
tion of the Parthenon. Erom this date onwards
the sculptures were exposed to constant injury from
the ravages of time and still more from the hand
of man, Venetians, Turks, and even Erenchmen
having their share in the work of spoliation and
destruction. Many portions of the sculptures noted
by Carrey had disappeared before 17/1, the year
of the visit to Athens of Stuart and Revett. The
appearance of the successive volumes of Stuart's
Athens revealed to the world the beauty and value
of the portions which remained, and the Society of
Dilettanti may fairly claim some credit for the part
which they had taken in assisting that revelation.
Meanwhile the work of decay and destruction at
Athens progressed slowly but steadily.

In 1796 Thomas Harrison, a Yorkshire architect Thomas
of eminence, was employed to build the house of Hams™.
Broom Hall in Fifeshire for Thomas Bruce, seventh
Earl of Elgin. Harrison had studied in Rome, and
was a proficient enthusiast in the classic style
which had been revived by the publications of
Stuart and Revett and the Society of Dilettanti.
When in 1799 the Earl of Elgin was appointed
to the embassy at Constantinople, Harrison suggested
to him the possibility of obtaining casts and
drawings of the remains of ancient sculpture at
Athens for his new mansion of Broom Hall.

K 2

132 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Actiontaken Fired by Harrison's suggestion, and undeterred
by Lard Dv tne discouraging attitude of Government, Elgin
gm' consulted Sir William Hamilton in Sicily, and on

his advice sent a Neapolitan painter, Lusieri, with
two draughtsmen, two modellers, and a Calmuck
figure-painter to carry out this work at Athens.
Difficulties however occurred with the local autho-
rities, so that in 1 8 o i Elgin obtained from the Porte
a firman not only to mould casts of the figures, but
also to take away any pieces of stone with old
inscriptions or figures thereon. Shocked by the
deliberate destruction which went on almost before
his eyes, Elgin determined to use the firman to
remove as many of the marbles as he could from
Athens with the view of preserving them from further
ravages. Into the detailed history of his operations
it is unnecessary to enter here.
Lord Elgin When they were completed, he addressed to the
and the Dilettanti' through Thomas Harrison the letter of
which the receipt is acknowledged in the minute
above quoted. Here was an opportunity for the
Society to take the lead in recognizing the deserts
of the man whose action has in truth done more
than that of all others together to further the know-
ledge and love of Greek art throughout cultivated
Europe. But the opportunity was deliberately
missed. A chilling silence conceals what the real
feelings of the Society were concerning Elgin's
i collection from Athens and other parts of Greece,'
and not even the text of his letter has been pre-
served. No answer is recorded, and no steps what-
ever appear to have been taken. Very soon after-
wards Elgin was recalled, and the greater part of
his collections were shipped to England, the first
part reaching London, after undergoing shipwreck

Dilettanti.

History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 133 •

and other adventures, about 1 8oy. His desire at the
beginning was that the marbles should be handed
over unconditionally to the British Government.

But presently the silent neglect of the Dilettanti influence of
turned into active hostility. ( Townley was dead \ ?22 •
Payne Knight ruled supreme over the Society, dhaediting
and in cultivated circles generally was regarded the marbles.
as a kind of dictator in the domain of antiquarian
knowledge*) Busied as he was upon his cherished
Specimens of Antient Sculpture^ he may have thought
that the Greek marbles would endanger the reputa-
tion of the Graeco-Roman works which formed the
bulk of his and of his late friend Townley's
collection. At any rate, without even seeing them,
Payne Knight declared war upon the marbles, boldly
appropriating Spon's original and perfectly futile
suggestion that they were Roman works of the
time of Hadrian. In his Preliminary Essay to the
first volume of the Specimens he goes out of his way
to cast discredit on them. The Dilettanti, including
men like Aberdeen and Englefield, followed him,
although it is by no means clear that they really
agreed with his opinion. That the Society cannot,
at any rate, have been wholly unanimous on the
point we may gather from the known opinions of
one member, Mr. Morritt of Rokeby, as well as from
the fact that Elgin's former secretary, William
Richard Hamilton, who had superintended the re- >
moval of the marbles to England and published
a memoir upon them, was proposed and in the end ;
received as a member. He was indeed twice rejected
in spite of the influence of his proposers — first Sir
H. Englefield and the Earl of Aberdeen, and next
Sir H. Englefield and Mr. Symmons ; but on January tf,
1 8 1 1, he was elected, his proposers being Sir William

134 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Drummond and the Marquess of Douglas. Meantime
the corporate attitude of the Society continued
hostile to Elgin and his treasures. Largely in con-
sequence of this attitude, the unfortunate marbles
languished in unmerited neglect, severe attacks being
made not only on them, but on Elgin's private
character and behaviour in the matter of their
acquisition ; and eventually Elgin determined to
offer the collection for sale.
champions But by degrees the marbles began to find powerful
on the other champions in the art world, including the Presi-
SFu7eliWeSt> ^ent °^ the Roya* Academy, Benjamin West ; the
Kay don. Keeper of the Royal Academy, Henry Fuseli ; and
most important of all, the ill-starred genius Benjamin
Robert Haydon. Few chapters in the history of art
are so picturesque and thrilling as that which
narrates the campaign carried on by Haydon, almost
single-handed, in favour of the Elgin Marbles
against the whole weight of opposition brought by
Payne Knight, Aberdeen, and the Society of Dilet-
tanti. Payne Knight was no craven fighter, but it
must be confessed that in the controversy with
Haydon he, and through him the Society, came off
decidedly second best and with greatly impaired
reputation.
Progress In 1811, when the marbles were first offered to

of the £1^ Government by Elgin in return for some com-

conroversy. pensatjon for jjjg expenses and recognition of his
services to his country in this matter, the Premier,
Spencer Perceval, returned an answer as contemptuous
and insulting as if it had been dictated by Payne
Knight himself. Lord Byron in his impassioned
poem, the Curse of Minerva, threw into the attack on
Elgin, West, and others a touch of real warm-
hearted sentiment for Greece, which was entirely

History of the Society of "Dilettanti igy

wanting in the shallow and pedantic criticism of Payne
Knight. But before long authoritative foreign
opinion came to declare itself on the side of Elgin's
English champions. A Deus ex machina appeared in the
person of the Crown Prince of Bavaria, who lately had
purchased the pedimental sculptures of Aegina, and
during a visit to London in 1814 made no conceal-
ment of his admiration for the Elgin Marbles and his
desire to acquire them. The Government, impelled
by W. R. Hamilton, who had become Under-Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs, at last showed some
signs of moving in the matter, but during the
excitement that preceded and followed the Battle
of Waterloo no action was taken.
\^ Meanwhile, however, Haydon had not relaxed his Crown
efforts to convince his countrymen of the value of the Vrince °f
marbles both by his pen and by oral and practical y^^*
exposition. He was now strongly reinforced not canova:
only by the Bavarian Crown Prince, but also by the the Select
great Italian archaeologist Visconti, Director of Commttee-
the Musee Napoleon, and the great Italian sculptor
Canova. These were regarded in England as better
prophets than any person of British birth and
education,, and their estimate of the marbles gradually
permeated society and converted polite opinion. At
last a Select Committee was appointed by the House
of Commons to inquire < whether it be expedient
that the collection mentioned in the Earl of Elgin's
petition, presented to the House on the fifteenth day
of February last, should be purchased on behalf of
the public ; and if so, what price it may be reasonable
to allow for the same.' The evidence given before
the Committee shows individual members among
the Dilettanti in a more favourable light than
that in which they had hitherto appeared by their

136 History of the Society of Dilettanti

corporate action or inaction. ( Payne Knight stood
almost alone in his unflinching condemnation of the
marbles, and it is impossible to withhold some sense
of admiration for the courage with which he main-
tained what was obviously a losing cause) Wilkins
the architect and the Earl of Aberdeen both
deserted him, and admitted, though somewhat un-
graciously, the value of the marbles. Another dis-
tinguished member, Mr. Morritt of Rokeby (of
whom more hereafter), was an enthusiastic supporter
of Elgin throughout. The sculptors Nollekens,
Flaxman, Chantrey, and Westmacott, the painters
\>£est and Lawrence, with Alexander Day, the art
collector and dealer, were all on the same side.
(Only Hay don was not examined by the Committee,
probably in view of the intense personal animosity
which he had shown to Payne Knight and
Knight to him. Haydon, however, fulminated in
the press with an article <On the Judgement of
Connoisseurs being preferred to that of Professional
Men.5 Eventually the Elgin Marbles were acquired
by the Government for £3^,000, not much more
than half of the expenses incurred by Elgin in their
acquisition and removal. Payne Knight had enjoyed
for several years a temporary triumph, but in
this triumph his reputation as a connoisseur and
critic was for ever engulfed.

CHAPTER VI

Internal changes — The Ballot — Abolition of Forfeitures —
Removals: Parslows: the Thatched House — Re-
searches in Greece and the Levant — J^eal of new
members — Colt Hoare, Long, Ainslie^ Hawkins —
Morritt of Rokeby — Hope of Deepdene — Lord Mor-
peth, Lord Northwick, Earl of Aberdeen — Wilkins,
Leake, Gell — New Ionian Committee — Its report
on Gell's proposed Expedition — Instructions to the
Expedition — Researches at Eleusis — Work at Samos,
Miletus, Magnesia, &c. — Work at Rhamnus, Thoricus,
and Sunium — The Aegina Marbles — Risks from
pirates and privateers — Return of mission — John
Peter Gandy — Resolutions as to publication — Con-
gratulations to members of mission — Details of scheme
— Sir Henry Englefields appeal — Its results — ' The
'Unedited Antiquities of Attica ' — New Edition of
' Ionian Antiquities ' — Further activities : second
volume of the 'Specimens' — Difficulties and delays
— Mode of meeting expenses — Deaths of Englefield
and Payne IQiight — Sir T. Lawrence as Secretary —
A German scholar s tribute — Distinguished members.

AT this point it becomes desirable briefly to internal
interupt our account of the Society's doings chanles'
L in the fields of antiquarian research, publica-
tion, and controversy, in order to give some
account of certain changes which were made in
its internal economy. These changes coincide in

138 History of the Society of Dilettanti

date with the period chiefly occupied with the
preparation of the Specimens of Antient Sculpture.
The ballot. The ballot for the election of members seems to
have been a source of difficulty. Whereas in former
days the non-election of a candidate duly proposed
and seconded by members of the Society was
a matter of rare occurrence, for a few years follow-
ing 1799 lt became much more frequent, the same
candidate being proposed and rejected meeting after
meeting under circumstances which argue some
want of unanimity among the members of the
Society. In April 3, 1796,

c It was moved and seconded that the 6th Rule respecting the
Election of Members be rescinded. Resolved in the affirmative.

c It was moved and seconded that in future ballots for the election
of a member 2 black balls do exclude. Resolved in the affirmative.

c It was moved and seconded that in future the name of every
candidate for election at this Society be Proposed at the meeting
previous to his being put to the Ballot. Resolved in the affirma-
tive.'

The new rules appear for the next few years to
have been exercised with some severity. We even
find, in certain of the opening years of the century,
the number of the rejected exceeding that of
the successful candidates. This appears to have
produced some feeling in the Society. On January
30,18 04, it was resolved

c That no Ballot for a new Member take place but in the
presence of either the Mover or the Seconder of the motion for
his admission/

implying that a candidate proposed at one meeting
was in danger of being blackballed if his supporters
were not present to speak for him. A more serious
state of things is suggested by the following minute
of June 7, 1807. It was moved by Mr. Wilbraham
and seconded by Mr. Windham,

History of the Society of Dilettanti 139

• That in future when there are more than one Candidate to be
ballotted for the ballotting box be not opened till the ballott for each
Candidate be finished & that Quilted Balls of different Colours be
provided by Parslow a different Colour to be appropriated to each
Candidate/

A further indication of feeling upon the subject
is shown by a minute of March 3, 1 8 1 1 :

c Moved by Ld. Borringdon & seconded by Ld. Dundas That
in future when only two Negative Balls shall appear in a Ballott
the Ballott shall be repeated/

The collection of forfeitures for non-attendance Abolition of
and of the debts of members who abdicated either forfeitures.
of their own will or by compulsion began to prove
an irksome business. On March 11, 1797, it was
resolved in committee

c That it being a Rule of the Society to dine together the first
Sunday in every month from the ist Sunday in December to May,
Every Member absent on such days shall forfeit | guinea & no
letters of excuse to be admitted. That any member incurring
twelve forfeitures & not paying his Arrears in one month after
they are demanded be considered, as excluded from the Society &
such notice to be put by the Secretary in the accustomed form/

This arrangement, however, does not seem to have
worked very much better, the sending of c Medusas '
and the collection of forfeitures still proving an
irksome business. On February 14, 1808, a lengthy
list of alterations in the rules relating to forfeitures
and abdications was resolved upon by the Society.

• Resolved that the law which enacts that no letter shall in future
excuse the forfeit for nonattendance not being generally known to
those members of this Society many of whom have continued in
consequence of their ignorance of it, to write letters of excuse
thereby showing their respect for the Society & their desire to
continue Members thereof- no member shall on account of his
having incurred more than six forfeitures under the above recited
circumstances, be considered as having abdicated, & that no more
than 6 forfeitures shall be demanded of any member for non-
attendance up to the present day.

c Resolved That the Secretary shall write to those Members, who

140 History of the Society of "Dilettanti

have incurred six forfeitures, informing them of the Law abolish-
ing letters of excuse, & likewise of the Vote of indulgence now
passed in their favour, & requiring their personal attendance at
the next Meeting under pain of Abdication unless they can show
such cause for their Absence as shall appear satisfactory to the Society.

'Resolved, That the Secretary shall write letters to all such
members as shall have incurred five forfeitures, admonishing them
of their danger, & communicating to them the law abolishing
letters of Excuse.

c Ordered That the Abolition of letters of excuse shall be
announced by the Secretary at the Six next Meetings of the Society.

c Resolved That it having been the antient usage of this Society
to grant leave of absence for a limited time, to such of their
Members as have asked in writing for the same, either on account
of business of importance detaining them in the Country, or ill-
health confining them to their houses in London, the Secretary
having on due consideration of such request judged that sufficient
reason appeared for granting the same • and it being evident that
such indulgence to their Members is by the abolition of letters
of excuse rendered more Necessary & that it will tend much to the
welfare of the Society to grant it, as thereby the abdication
of many Valuable members may be prevented, That any Member
desirous of Leave of Absence on account of business detaining
him in the Country or ill-health confining him to his house in
London, shall request the same by a letter addressed to the
President of the Soc. of Dilettanti at Parsloes or wherever the
Society may in future hold their Meetings stating the cause of
such his request • which shall be taken into consideration at the
meeting when such letter is received; and on leave of absence
being granted, the members shall be excused from forfeitures for
non attendance ; but not from the Payment of Dinner or Face
Money : and that the Secretary shall inform him by letter of the
grant or refusal of his request. But that his leave of absence shall
ipso facto expire on proof being given to the Soc. of his having
been seen in town or if absent for illness of his having gone into
Publick. And that nothing in this resolution shall be understood
to relate to members of this Society absent in foreign parts on the
Publick Service , who have ever been exempted from the payment
of all sums due to the Society, during such their absence, the
same having been duly notified by them to the Society by a
letter addressed to the President.

1 Resolved That all new Laws or Orders and all alterations in
the now Existing laws or orders shall be read by the Secretary at
the Six meetings following such enactment or alteration , that no
member may plead ignorance thereof.'

History of the Society of Dilettanti 141

An important step was therefore taken by the
Society on February 4, 18 10, when it was moved by
the Secretary

' That the collection of forfeitures being very inconvenient to
the Society and productive of much labour to the Secretary it would
be advantageous to the Society to adopt the following regulations,

' First That every member do pay to the Society four guineas
annually as dinner money.

' Secondly That from this day all forfeitures for non-attendance
do cease and be abolished.

'Thirdly That no Reckoning shall be collected from the Company
but that the Bill shall be paid by the Secretary out of the Dinner
Money. Tea & Coffee not to be included in the Bill.

'Fourthly That the dinner shall be ordered at ic/6 pr. head, the
number provided for to be as formerly at the discretion of the
Secretary.

'And the above 4 Resolutions being severally put from the Chair
& seconded were unanimously carried and recommended for
confirmation at the next meeting.'

And on March 4, 1 8 1 o,

' The four Resolutions of the meeting of Feb. 4 relative to the
Change of the Dinner Money & abolition of Forfeitures were put
& confirmed.'

The new regulations thus removed the difficulties
of forfeitures and the collection of the dinner-
money at the table itself, providing also for the
contribution of absent members to the expenses of
the Society's dinners. This annual payment for
dinner-money, with the subscription for the building
and face-money, from this date constituted the
liabilities of members of the Society.

A change also took place in the meeting-place Removals:
of the Society. In 1 8 00 it was decided to transfer the Parslow's:
meetings of the Society from the Star and Garter t^Thatched

i-r< • -r» 1 1 ■» *■ 1 1 • House.

Tavern in Pall Mall to a great room in a tavern
owned by Mr. Parslow in St. James's Street. This,
it will be remembered, had been for some years also
the meeting-place of another famous dining society,

14^ History of the Society of Dilettanti

the Literary Club founded by Johnson and Reynolds
and known by custom as 'The Club.' The following
minutes record this removal : —

cFeb. 16, 1800. Ordered that a Committee do meet on Sunday
x March to settle a place for the permanent meetings of the Society/

'March a, 1800. Ordered That the Very High Steward be
desired to enter into an agreement with Mr. Parslow for the use
of a Room for the pictures belonging to the Society for their
meetings exclusively.'

'Feb. 8, 1801. Ordered that the Very High Steward do pay
Mr. Parslow's bill for removing their pictures from the Star and
Garter & putting them in his room. £8 14 4/

'Nov. a, 1 801. Ordered That the Very High Steward do
pay Mr. Parslow Ten guineas for one years use of his great
Room. £10 10 o.'

This arrangement lasted till 18 10, when it was
terminated by Mr. Parslow's death, and the Society
had to seek for quarters elsewhere.

'January iist, 18 10. The Society met in the Rooms in Argyle
Street to consider of the future place of their meetings Parsloes
Tavern being shut up in consequence of his decease. The Secretary
did not attend being confined by gout. The meeting was con-
sidered as a Committee the Duke of Norfolk in the Chair.
Mr. Windham acted as Secretary.

' It was resolved that the next meeting be at Willis's Tavern in
St. Jame's Street called the Thatched House on Sunday Feb. 4th/

'Feb. 4, 18 10. The Society met at the Thatched House for
the first time, when Mr. Knight informed the Society that H^.
Greville Esq. had offered the use of his Rooms in Argyle Street
gratuitously to the Society for their meetings, at the same time
stating that it would not suit his convenience to provide the Dinner
for the Society but that they must in the event of their acceptance
of his offer employ their own servants for the dinner & wines etc.
The Society were of opinion that it would be more eligible to meet at
a Tavern but voted their unanimous thanks to Mr. Greville for his
very liberal offer and desired Mr. Knight to convey to him the same.

' Ordered that the ensuing Meeting of the Society be held on
the 4th March at the Thatched House.'

'April 1, 1 8 10. It was proposed by the Duke of Norfolk &
seconded by Mr. Dickinson that a Committee of five be appointed
to examine into the particulars of the Premises late Parslows as to
their Value & eligibility for the future use of the Society and that

History of the Society of Dilettanti 143

they do report on the subject to the next meeting of the Society.
Ordered unanimously.

c Mr. Gore then proposed that the following five members be the
Committee :

The Earl of Aberdeen

The Earl Cowper

Viscount Morpeth

Mr. Wilkins

and the Secretary. Ordered unanimously.'

'Jan. 6, 181 1. It was ordered on the Representation of the
Secretary that the future meetings of the Society should be at the
Thatched House and that the pictures of the Society shall be
moved from the house late Parslows to the Thatched House and
all expenses relative thereto shall be paid by the Secretary out of
the Funds of the Society.'

The Thatched House Tavern, St. James's Street, con-
tained a well-known large room for meetings of all
sorts, from the days of Swift until its destruction
about 1843, when the Conservative Club was erected
upon its site.

Returning to the learned activities of the Society, Researches
it must not be supposed that they were confined, «■ Greece
during this period of Payne Knight's ascendency, a"dthe
entirely to the two works with which the name of
that gentleman is identified, or to the mistaken aim
of seconding his attempts to discredit the marbles
collected by Lord Elgin. The honourable and useful
object of ambition and expenditure which the Society
had set before itself, that of promoting original
research in Greece and the Greek provinces of Asia
Minor, was never abandoned.

The Society was reinforced during the period in Zeal of new
question by the election of new members who threw ■*"***•
themselves vigorously into every scheme of this
nature that might be brought before them. Most
of these recruits had before their election travelled in
Greece, benefiting largely from the impulse given to
classical archaeology by the previous publications of

144 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Colt Hoare,
Long,
JLinslie,
Hawkins.

the Dilettanti. The fact that they supported Payne
Knight in the unfortunate position which he adopted,
does not diminish the credit otherwise due to them
for receiving and handing on the torch of enthusiasm
in the cause of Greek archaeology. Among the
members joining the Society between 1789 and
181;-, whose names are most connected with the
study of classical antiquities, were Sir Richard
Colt Hoare, Sir Charles Long (afterwards Lord Farn-
borough), Sir Robert Ainslie, John Hawkins, John
Bacon Sawrey Morritt, Thomas Hope, Lord Morpeth,
Lord Northwick, the Earl of Aberdeen, William
Wilkins, William Gell, and Colonel W. M. Leake.

Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart., the eminent Wilt-
shire antiquary, made two tours in Italy and Sicily
for the study and discovery of classical antiquities,
and published two works upon the subject, based
upon journals and notes made during his travels.
At his house, Stourhead, a perfect museum of anti-
quities and works of art, he possessed among his
collections a great number of books and drawings
relating to the antiquities and topography of Italy,
a great part of which he presented to the British
Museum. Sir Charles Long, a well-known if not
very prominent Government official, inherited a large
fortune with his wife, one of the heiresses of the
Earl of Bridgewater, and at the close of his life, after
being raised to the peerage as Lord Farnborough,
devoted himself to forming a collection of paintings
and sculpture. Long and his brother-in-law, Sir
Abraham Hume, who was also for a short time
a member of the Society of Dilettanti, were in
their day recognized in London society among the
leading authorities on the fine arts, and as true
scions of the old c Dilettante ' stock. Sir Robert

History of the Society of Dilettanti 145-

Ainslie was appointed ambassador to the Ottoman
Porte in 1775", and resided at Constantinople from
1776 to 1792. Having gained the confidence of
the Sultan, Ahmed IV, Ainslie found himself in
a peculiarly advantageous position for assisting and
promoting the work of the Dilettanti. He formed
a large and important collection of Oriental coins,
of which a description was published by the Abbate
Domenico Sestini in 1789. John Hawkins, F.R.S.,
a distinguished naturalist, resided for a considerable
time in the island of Zante, and from thence
travelled frequently throughout Greece, acquiring
occasionally objects of great value and beauty, espe-
cially at Janina in Thessaly. Some of these he ceded
to Payne Knight, and a few he retained at a house,
Bignor Park, which he purchased for himself in Sussex.

John Bacon Sawrey Morritt inherited at the age Morritt of
of nineteen the estate at Rokeby, which his father had R°keh-
purchased from a former member of the Society of
Dilettanti, Sir Thomas Robinson. His own name
has been made memorable through his intimate
and affectionate friendship with Sir Walter Scott, as
has that of his home through Scott's poem, to which
it gives the title and of which it is the scene.
After taking his B.A. degree at Cambridge in
1794, Morritt travelled for two years in Greece
and Asia Minor, accompanied by the Rev. James
Dallaway, the art historian, and others. He made
a special study of the plain of Troy and the
various localities connected with the Iliad, and,
having been at Athens in 179?, was thereafter a
consistent supporter of Lord Elgin, both on account
of his high opinion of the Parthenon Marbles as
works of art, and of Lord Elgin's wise policy in
removing them from the risks to which they were

146 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Hope of
Deepdene.

Lord

Morpeth,

Lord

Northivkk,

Earl of

Aberdeen.

exposed in their original situation. Morritt was
elected a member of the Society of Dilettanti on
June 2, 1799, and became one of the leading and most
popular spirits of the Society. He was also one of
the foundation members of the Travellers' Club.

Thomas Hope was a member of a rich family of
bankers at Amsterdam, which contributed more than
one amateur to the ranks of art. Nurtured in his
father's house at Haarlem on a superb collection of
pictures, Hope travelled for eight years early in life
in Egypt, Greece, and the East, mainly for the pur-
pose of architectural study, and on his return settled
in England. He acquired a valuable collection of
marbles, which was at first deposited in his London
house in Duchess Street, Cavendish Square, and later
removed to his seat at Deepdene, near Dorking.
Hope was an enthusiastic amateur of the fine arts, of
classical antiquities, and of literature, his taste for
furniture causing him to be dubbed by Sidney Smith
as cthe man of chairs and tables, the gentleman of
sofas.' These tastes were illustrated in his two well-
known works, On the Costume of the Ancients, and
Anastasius, or Memoirs of a Greek. Hope was elected
a member of the Society of Dilettanti in 1800. His
younger brother, Henry Philip Hope, was elected in
1807, and the family connexion was kept up by the
election of his two sons — Henry Thomas Hope in
1834, and Alexander J. B. Beresford-Hope in 1857.

George Howard, Lord Morpeth, afterwards sixth
Earl of Carlisle — eldest son of the well-known
amateur and collector, the fifth earl, and grandson
of the fourth earl, who had formed a collection of
marbles at Castle Howard — was better known in
political than in artistic circles, but he continued the
family tradition of interest in art and antiquities,

J.B.S.MORRITT, ESQ.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 147

and eventually became a trustee of the British
Museum. Sir John Rushout, afterwards Lord
Northwick, was noted for a very remarkable collec-
tion of Greek coins and for a fine collection (since
dispersed) of paintings by the old masters. George
Hamilton- Gordon, fourth Earl of Aberdeen, after
succeeding to the title in 1801, travelled for
some years on the Continent, spending a long time
in Greece. So imbued was Aberdeen with his
Hellenic studies, that on his return to England
he founded a society known as the * Athenian
Society.' He formed a small collection of marbles
and bronzes, which were afterwards presented by
his son to the British Museum, and was electee!
a member of the Society of Dilettanti on March 9,
1 8 06. Aberdeen, who was satirized by Byron as
cThe travell'd thane, Athenian Aberdeen/

was a friend and strong supporter of Payne Knight,
and did not escape from the influence of
D'Hancarville. Into his subsequent career as
Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister, it is un-
necessary to enter here. A portrait of Aberdeen,
painted by Partridge and now in the National
Portrait Gallery, shows him engaged in his favourite
pursuits as a student of Hellenic art.

William Wilkins, the architect, after graduating wilklns,
as sixth wrangler at Cambridge, travelled in Italy Leake, Gell.
and Greece as a student of architecture. He is well
known for the numerous buildings designed by him
in the c Grecian • style, although he seldom had
a free hand in completing them after his original
design. Wilkins published several works on classical
architecture. He was elected a fellow of the Society
of Dilettanti on April 2, 1809, and was, as a pro-
fessional man, a member whose word carried much

L 2

14-8 History of the Society of Dilettanti

weight with the Society. Another distinguished
traveller and collector was Captain (afterwards
Lieut-Colonel) William Martin Leake, who, being
sent on a mission to Turkey for military purposes,
took the opportunity of travelling in and ex-
ploring Asia Minor. He was associated with William
Richard Hamilton in conveying the Elgin Marbles
to England. Leake had a special genius, as well as
an indefatigable zeal, for topographical research,
and in spite of the multifarious researches of later
scholars, his works relating to his explorations in
Greece and Asia Minor, and to classical topography
in general, still retain their position as standard
authorities. He had a small collection of marbles,
which he presented to the British Museum, and one
of bronzes, vases, gems, and coins, which were pur-
chased by the University of Cambridge and are
now in the Fitzwilliam Museum. He was elected
a member of the Society of Dilettanti in 1 8 14. On
March 1, 1807, the Society elected Mr. William
Gell, proposed by Sir Henry Englefield and seconded
by Lord Northwick. Born in Derbyshire and
educated at Cambridge, Gell had in 18 01 visited
the Troad, of which, in 1804, he published an
account as the Topography of Troy. According to
Byron, who satirized him in the ' English Bards ' as

c Of Dardan tours let dilettanti tell,
I leave topography to classic Gell,

Gell c topographized and typographized King Priam's
dominions in three days.' In 1803 Gell was sent on
a diplomatic mission to the Ionian Islands, for his
conduct of which he was knighted l, and from 1 8 04
to i8otf was travelling in Greece and the neigh-

1 It would appear that GelFs knighthood was of foreign bestowal,
since for years afterwards he was commonly spoken of as c Mr. Gell/

History of the Society of Dilettanti 149

bouring islands. It was on his return from this
journey that he was elected to the Dilettanti.

In the summer of 1 8 1 1 the Dilettanti found them- New Ionian
selves possessed of sufficient funds in hand to enable committee.
them to continue their much-cherished schemes for
a further expedition for archaeological research,
directed especially towards the remains of classical
architecture in Greece and the Levant. In April
of that year a committee had been appointed to
report on the condition of the Society's two great
portrait-groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds (see below,
p. 227) j and on June 2, 1811, it was moved by
the Secretary and seconded by Mr. Knight,

cThat the Committee of Painting appointed on April 7, 18 11,
shall in conjunction with the Committee of Publication be a
Committee empowered to take measures for sending persons into
Greece or Asia Minor, should an opportunity offer, & that the
Committee shall be empowered to engage for payment to such
persons in any sum not exceeding ^"iooo & that four members be
a quorum/

The opportunity offered itself at once, Mr. Gell its report
being both willing and anxious to start on a third m Gell>s
expedition. A full and succinct account of the ^edition.
arrangements for this new c Ionian Mission ' is to
be found in the minutes of the joint committee
appointed as above recorded (and thereafter known
as the Ionian Committee) under date January ?, 1 8 1 2.

c The Committee report that soon after their appointment they
made enquiry relative to some Gentlemen already in the Turkish
Dominions, and employed in Architectural Pursuits, whose co-
operation with the views of the Society it was hoped might have
been obtained ; but their Enquiries in this line proved fruitless.
Early in the month of August William GELL Esq6, a member of this
Society whose learned Researches in different parts of Greece,
the fruits of two Voyages into those countries, are already well
known to the public, informed the Secretary that he was desirous
to make a third voyage into any part of Greece or Asia Minor
which might suit the views of the Society, should they honour him

ISO History of the Society of Dilettanti

with their confidence. Those of the Committee who could be
assembled were called together without loss of time, and those
who were too far distant were informed of Mr. Gell's proposal.
They were unanimous in their wish that a person so eminently
qualified for the Undertaking should be without delay enabled to
proceed upon this business- and the Committee having agreed
with Mr. Gell as to the pecuniary arrangements which will be
hereafter specified, proceeded to chuse Draftsmen to accompany
him. Mr. Wilkins whose professional Skill rendered him a most
perfect Judge of the qualifications of the numerous Artists, who
offered themselves, kindly gave his assistance to the other members
of the Committee, and Mr. Francis Bedford was selected as
Draftsman ; but Mr. John Gandy, brother to the eminent Drafts-
man & architect, & who himself is a Draftsman of great excellence;
having expressed a great wish to be of the Party, your Committee
thought that it would be for the evident adva ntage of the Mission
to employ him, and as two artists were sent on the former Voyage,
they had that precedent to guide them on the present occasion.

cThe Committee confided the whole and uncontroul'd command of
the details of the Expedition to Mr. Gell, in whom they can place the
most entire confidence. The whole Expenditure is entrusted to him,
and he is to receive as a Salary over & above his expenses the very
moderate sum of fifty pounds per month. Each of the Artists is to
receive ;£zoo per annum — all his expenses being paid. Mr. Gell is
empowered to draw from time to time on the Society for such monies
as he may want, and will keep an account of the whole Expenditure.

'It is expressly stipulated with the Artists that everything they
do, whether as to Journal notes or Drawings, of every kind, is to
be the sole property of the Society, and they are desired to keep
Journals of all that appears worthy of their notice.

c The Mission besides all instruments and materials requisite for
Drawing and Measuring, are likewise furnished with Instruments
proper for Geographical Observations, and it is hoped that much
valuable Information may be obtained in that line, though it is
not the primary object of their Researches : They will also not be
unmindful of the Natural History of the Countries they visit.

c Mr. Gell also suggested the propriety of carrying out with him an
assortment of such Articles as would be acceptable to the men in
authority in the countries they were about to visit. Bacchish under
different names has a great degree of influence in every country
yet known, but in the East it is indispensable, as it would be an
actual affront to appear before a Superior empty handed. Presents
therefore if not provided beforehand must have been purchased
in the Country at an advanced price, & inferior in quality; a
circumstance, which the Turks now well know how to appreciate.

History of the Society of 'Dilettanti iyi

c Telescopes, Pistol barrels and Locks, some articles of cut Glass,
and some Shawls of British Manufacture, compose the assortment, and
it may be observed, that the articles carried, are such as may be at
any time sold to advantage, should they not be wanted as presents.

cIt is to be considered as a fortunate circumstance, that an
intimate friend of Mr. Gell's, the Hon. Keppell Craven, ac-
companies the mission at his own expense. In case of any
Accident, whether by illness or other misfortune, the addition of
a man zealous in the pursuit of knowledge and of the most amiable
manner must be at great advantage, and at all time his co-operation
may be depended on.

* Fortunately for the expedition a Turkish Ship of War com-
manded by a Man of Science far superior to most of his countrymen,
had last year arrived in the Thames, and had been there completely
refitted at the expense of the English Government, in the best
style of a Sloop of War of 24 guns. Her commander Captain
Ismael Gibraltar was particularly well known to Mr. Gell, and
on hearing of his Intention, immediately offered a passage to
Rhodes to himself & his party in the handsomest Manner. It
would have ill suited the Dignity of the Society to have accepted
this offer without some Retribution; the Artists and Mr. Gell's
servant were to pay the Sum usually taken by the Packets to Malta,
& Mr. Gell makes him a present nearly of the same value. It
may be observed that by this mode of conveyance, the party is for
the same expense carried over 700 miles further ; and as Captain
Gibraltar is a native of Rhodes & is extremely well acquainted
with the contiguous parts of Asia Minor, he cannot only furnish
information, but valuable Recommendations to the Travellers.

c His Majesty's Ministers, who were applied to for letters to the
British Ministers and Consuls, most readily forwarded the Views
of the Society, and Mr. Liston, just now appointed Ambassador to
the Porte, gives every assistance in his power.

'Our venerable Father Lord Dundas ever desirous to promote
the Interests of Science and Art in general, and actuated by
paternal Affection for this Society, stated the circumstance of our
Mission to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent, who with his
well known love for the fine arts, and his constant desire to
promote their progress in this Country, honoured the Undertaking
by every attention, which it was in his power to show.

6 The written Instructions delivered to Mr. Gell were principally
drawn up by the Earl of Aberdeen, following as far as appeared
desirable those which had been formerly given to Dr. Chandler.
A copy of them is annexed.

c Under these favourable Auspices the party went on board the
Turkish frigate "The Africa " the 5-th day of October 181 1, and

I5*x History of the Society of Dilettanti

reached Portsmouth on the 8th. An unusual continuance of
westerly winds and stormy weather detained them after two
fruitless attempts to sail, till the 20th of November, when in
company with near 400 sail they left the Mother Bank.

£ A letter received from Mr. Gell on the i<St.h of January
announces the safe arrival of the party at Gibraltar on the first
of December — His letter bears date the 2nd of that month, and
states that as cc the Africa " was to touch at Sicily on her way to
Malta, he proposed to obtain, if possible, measures of the Temple
of Jupiter Olympius at Agrigentum of which recent Excavations
have discovered many curious parts hitherto unknown ; and also
to measure, if time would permit, that Temple at Selinus, which is
not given by Mr. Wilkins.

'For the ultimate Success of an Expedition like this, no human
prudence or foresight can answer. Pestilence may render the
access to many places too dangerous to be attempted ; Insurrection,
so common in the countries subject to the Sway of the Porte may
completely shut up at once a great tract of country ; but it appears
that the present Ruler of Asia Minor, principally the object of our
Researches, Kara Osman Ogli, is a man of great talents and
singular probity — and possessing an authority far beyond what the
Pashas generally have. He has also been considered as very
friendly to the English nation, and as we may be assured that the
Spirit1 and perseverance of Mr. Gell are such as no common
difficulties or dangers will terrify, or subdue, we may indulge the
fair hope that he may return to Ms brethren fraught with such
Information as may at once be a Honour to the Society, and an
Advantage to the Country/

instructions The instructions referred to by the committee in
to the their report were drawn up by the Earl of Aberdeen,

Expe ttton. an(j forwarded to Sir Henry Englefield, the Secretary

to the Society, on September if, 18 u. They were

as follows : —

e Instructions for Mr. Gell, Mr. Gandy and Mr. Bedford.

c Whereas the Society of Dilettanti have resolved that a person
or persons properly qualified be sent with sufficient appointments
to some parts of the East, in order to collect information, and to
make observations relative to the ancient state of these countries,
and to such Monuments of antiquity as are still remaining, we the
Committee, intrusted by the Society with the care and management
of this scheme, have agreed upon the following instructions for
your direction in the discharge of that duty to which you are
appointed : —

History of the Society of "Dilettanti 15-3

CI. You are forthwith to embark on board such ship as may be
found most eligible for your purpose, and to proceed to Smyrna.
Our principal object at present is, that fixing upon Smyrna as your
head-quarters, you do from thence make excursions to the several
Remains of antiquity in that neighbourhood, at such different times
and in such manner as you shall, from the information collected
on the spot, judge most safe and convenient; and that you do
procure the exactest plans and measures possible of the Buildings
you shall find, making accurate drawings of the basreliefs and
ornaments, and taking such views as you shall judge proper,
copying all the inscriptions you shall meet with, and remarking
such circumstances as they contribute towards giving the best idea
of the ancient and present state of those places.

1 z. As circumstances, best learnt upon the spot, must decide the
order in which you shall proceed in the execution of the foregoing
article, we shall not confine you in that respect, but shall only
enumerate, for your information, the principal objects of your
research in the order in which they are most interesting to the
Society : — Samos, Sardes, Aphrodisias, Hierapolis, Tralles, Laodicea,
Telmessus, Patara, Cnidus.

'3. We cannot too strongly urge you to exercise the utmost
accuracy of detail in your architectural measurements ; recollecting
always that it is the chief object of the Society to promote the
progress of architecture by affording practical assistance to the
architects of this country, as well as to gratify a general curiosity
respecting the interesting monuments of antiquity still remaining
in those parts.

'4. You are hereby requested to correspond with the Secretary
of the Society, stating at length from time to time, your own
proceedings; and although the principal view of the Society is
directed towards the ancient state of those countries, it is not
intended to confine you to that province ; on the contrary, it is
expected that you transmit together with such drawings as you
shall have made (all of which shall be considered as the property
of the Society), a full narrative of occurrences, with all the in-
formation you may be able to obtain, accompanied by such
observations as you may consider to be worthy the perusal of the
Society.

c f. Having entire confidence in the knowledge and zeal of
Mr. Gell, we hereby declare that the direction of the whole of the
expedition is intrusted to his care, and state implicitly, that it is
our intention he should be vested with the sole management of
the undertaking as well in the necessary expenses to be incurred
as in the manner and time of carrying into effect the general
objects of the Society.

15*4 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Researches
at Eleusis.

Work at
Samos,
Miletus,
Magnesia,

&c.

c 6. In addition to the expense of the undertaking (the accounts
of which Mr. Gell will from time to time transmit to the Secretary)
the Society engages to pay to Mr. Gell the sum of £50 per month,
which in case of his decease, shall be paid up to the time of his
death to such person or persons as he may appoint to receive it.
The Society further engages to pay both to Mr. Gandy and to
Mr. Bedford the sum of ^xoo per annum, on condition that they
shall accompany Mr. Gell and follow his directions and instructions
relative to the objects of the mission.

(Signed) Aberdeen. Hardwicke.

Benj. West. Thos. Lawrence.

H. C. Englefield, Secretary.'

These conditions were accepted by Mr. Gell as

follows : —

CI, William Gell, accept the conditions specified in the six
preceding articles, and engage to fulfil to the utmost of my powers
the instructions contained therein, and generally to act in such
a manner as in my judgment shall most conduce to accomplish the
purposes of the Society. (Signed) William Gell/

From an abstract of this voyage it appears that
the party arrived early in 1 8 1 2 at Zante, from whence
they repaired to Athens, and being there delayed by
the difficulty of procuring a safe passage to Smyrna,
they employed themselves in excavations at Eleusis,
where the temples, although of a high importance,
had never yet been examined by reason of the
depth of soil under which their ruins were buried.
The result of their labours was the discovery of
the great mystic temple of Demeter, consisting
of a cella about 180 feet square, with a portico
of twelve magnificent Doric columns of white
marble more than six feet in diameter.

From Athens the mission proceeded to Asia. The
plague, the most dangerous enemy to explorers, pre-
vented them from exploring the temple at Sardis.
June, 1 8 12, was spent in examining the temple of
Juno at Samos and other remains of classical buildings
in that island. From thence they proceeded to the

History of the Society of Dilettanti 15-5-

temple of Apollo Didymaeus, near Miletus, and added
some valuable information to that already published
in the Ionian Antiquities. They then proceeded by
Halicarnassus to Cnidus, where they explored and
measured the principal buildings of classical date.
From Cnidus they visited Telmessus, and thence to
Patara. In Lycia they visited the cities of Myra
and Antiphellus. The plague proved an insur-
mountable obstacle to their visiting Laodicea and
Hierapolis, but they made a successful exploration
of Aphrodisias, which produced valuable results.
They measured the temple of Diana Leucophryne
at Magnesia, which had been discovered by Mr.
W. R. Hamilton in 1803, and they also visited Priene.
They thoroughly surveyed the regions at the mouth
of the Maeander.

From Asia Minor the expedition returned to Work at
Athens about the end of 1 8 1 2, and during a second Rh^ui>
delay there excavated and measured the temple of a„j senium.
Nemesis at Rhamnus, and examined Thoricus and
the promontory of Sunium. During all these
researches Gell carried out his instructions to the
entire satisfaction of the Society, sending home
regular letters and batches of drawings.

c The plans and elevations,' as the subsequent report says, c of
all the Edifices were correctly ascertained and detailed in the most
elegant Drawings by the Artists of the Mission, it being the
Intention of the Society of Dilettanti to Engrave and offer them
to the Public for the Improvement of National Taste/

On May 17, 1 8 1 2, it was resolved T*>e Aegna

c That the Earl of Hardwicke be requested to lay the letter and Marbles.
Drawings sent by Mr. Gell relative to the Aeginetan Marbles
before the Trustees of the British Museum & to inform them
of the wish of the Society to encourage by any means in their
power the acquisition of the same for the Publick V

1 The letter here referred to, together with tracings of the draw-
ings (which are by Foster), is preserved in the British Museum.

privateers.

i$6 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti

The temple of Aegina had been just excavated in
1 8 1 1 by an expedition including Barons Stackelberg,,
Haller, Kestner, Mr. Linckk, and the zealous young
English architect and explorer, Charles R. Cockerell.
Negotiations were at once commenced through
Mr. W. R. Hamilton to secure the admirable archaic
sculptures of the pediments for England; but the
German authorities succeeded in outwitting the
British Government, and the marbles were purchased
at Zante by the Crown Prince of Bavaria, who
deposited them at Munich.
Risks from On September 17, 1 8 1 2, at a meeting of the Ionian
pirates and Committee a letter was read from Mr. Gell dated
Smyrna, May 1 4, setting forth the risk the mission ran
from privateers and pirates in the seas near Asia
Minor, and praying for an application to Government
for assistance. The Earl of Hardwicke accordingly
drew up a letter to the Secretary of the Admiralty,
which being signed by the members present was by
the Earl of Hardwicke transmitted to the Admiralty,
together with a note from his lordship to the First
Lord, and. a note from the Secretary to Mr. Barrow,
Secretary of the Admiralty, enclosing Mr. GelPs
letter. In May, 1 8 1 2, a further credit of £iyfOo was
required for the mission, in connexion with which
an interesting incident is worth recording.

£Jan. 3, 18 13. Upon a letter being read from Sir Henry
Charles Englefield to Lord Dundas as well as another from the
same to the President of the day Mr. Dickenson expressing that
he had received from Mr. Gell some time since a draft for between
nine hundred and a thousand pounds and being at that time in the
country and not being certain of the amount of the balance of
the money belonging to the Society in the Bankers hands he had
paid this draft from his own pocket. The whole Society appeared
extremely sensible of the handsome proceeding on his part and
Lord Morpeth immediately got up and moved that the thanks
of the Society be given to Sir Henry Charles Englefield our

History of the Society of Dilettanti 15-7

Secretary for his liberal conduct, which motion being seconded by
Mr. William Spencer was carried unanimously and with applause.
c A vote of the further credit of £1^00 was moved and carried.
It was also ordered that the first payment from that sum should be
employed in repaying Sir H. C. Englefield the sum he had so
liberally and kindly advanced.'

The first instalment of drawings and measurements
sent home by Mr. Gell, comprising the antiquities
of Eleusis, was put in hand for engraving at once.

The travellers returned in the summer of 1 8 1 3 ; and Return of
the Dilettanti at their next meeting, on February tf, wisnm,
1 8 14, unanimously voted their thanks to Mr. Gell
for his great services to the Society and to learning
in general during his late voyage. It was further
moved by Mr. Knight, seconded by Mr. Wilbraham,

c That the Secretary do direct Mr. Lawrence painter to the
Society forthwith to paint the picture of Mr. Gell at the expence
of the Society and that the picture when finished be hung up
in the Room of the Society/

The thanks of the Society were also voted to
Messrs. Gandy and Bedford, draughtsmen to the
Society, for their constant attention to the objects of
the mission and their very meritorious exertions
of skill and talent in making measures and drawings
of the several remains of antiquity met with in the
course of their voyage. It was ordered, on the
motion of Mr. Gell,

'That the Secretary do enquire what mark of the sense the
Society entertain of their Merits as an honorary memorial of their
sentiment would be most agreeable to Messrs. Gandy and Bedford
& that the Ionian Committee do prepare such present to be
presented to them/

At a committee of the Ionian Committee on
March 14, 18 14, it was ordered

c That 50 Pounds be given to the two Draftsmen of the Society
Mr. Gandy and Bedford viz. £x<) to each of them & that they
shall lay out the same in the purchase each of them of a piece of Plate

15*8 History of the Society of Dilettanti

John "Peter
Gandy.

Resolutions
as to
publication.

Congratula-
tions to
members of
mission.

according to their own wishes, on which shall be engraven an
Inscription to be furnished to them by the Committee expressive of
the satisfaction the Society feels at their successful and laborious
exertions during their late voyage/

John Peter Gandy, one of the draughtsmen in
question, was a younger brother of Joseph Michael
Gandy, a well-known architect. On his return from
Greece he was patronized by Lord Elgin, and
afterwards associated in further works by Gell and
Wilkins. He inherited from a friend, a Mr. Deering,
an estate in Buckinghamshire, and assumed his name.
He became M.P. for Aylesbury, and was elected
a member of the Society of Dilettanti in May, 1830.

The expenses of this mission to Ionia had proved
rather heavy, and as it was not the only matter which
the Society had in hand, the funds available for the
purpose of publication proved insufficient. It became
necessary therefore to appeal to the liberality of the
members to further this important sequel to the
mission. It was resolved by the joint Committee

c 1. That it will be impossible to proceed with any despatch in
the publication of the Drawings Measures & Inscriptions, collected
by the Gentlemen employed by the Society in the late expedition to
Greece & Asia Minor, without some aid from the members of the
Society.

' 2. That it will be proper to print for the use of The Members
(and the information of the public) A short report of the proceedings
of the Mission.

'3. That this report do consist — i. of the Abstract of their
Journies published by them in the Zante Newspaper & z1? of
a List of the Drawings plans and maps made by the Mission, 3rd
of the Report drawn up by Mr. Wilkins on the value & importance
of these Drawings, 4? of a general Estimate of the expenses
necessary for the publication in a manner worthy of them, & suitable
to the honour of The Society; 5? Of the Report read by the
Secretary at the last meeting of the Society on that subject.'

It was further resolved by the said committee (or
Ionian Committee) at a meeting in 1 8 1 4, at which
Mr. William Gell was present,

History of the Society of Dilettanti 15-9

' That the Committee do most sincerely congratulate the Society
of Dilettanti on the Result of the Ionian Mission, which owing to
the Talents of the Artists employed, and the Judicious measures
of the Leader, who so ably directed their Researches, has been
successful beyond their most sanguine Expectations.

' That every Individual Member of the Ionian Mission is entitled
to the warmest Approbation of the Society, for the Enthusiasm
displayed, and the diligence exerted by each in his separate capacity •
by which more numerous and important Documents, relating to
Grecian Architecture, have come into the possession of the Society,
than have been produced by the united efforts of all Europe for
the last forty years.

'That the elaborate and accurate Drawings from the Buildings
of Attica alone, hitherto unknown, and brought to light thro' the
exertions of the Ionian Mission, are abundantly sufficient to form
a volume ; which in point of Interest, would be surpassed by no
Architecture publication extant and equalled only by the second
volume of the " Antiquities of Athens," which derives no incon-
siderable portion of its interest from the contributions of the
Society of Dilettanti.

' But the Excavations of the Eleusinian territory, made by the
Agents of the Society at a very considerable Expence, and upon
a scale of unrivalled extent, have afforded facilities of investigation
to the Travellers of every European Nation- amongst whom
some one might be found, who jealous of the honor resulting
to the English Nation from the Spirit & Enterprize of the Society
of Dilettanti, might endeavour to anticipate the appearance of the
publication, already in progress, if it be not pursued with prompti-
tude and vigour, that the apprehension of Anticipation is founded
on the fact of the actual publication of the work of Le Roy, which
was undertaken with the view of claiming for his nation the merit
of having been the foremost in making known to the world the
beauties of the Grecian Architecture, before the pre-conceived &
published Intentions of Revett and Stuart could be carried into effect.

'That the Cause of Grecian Architecture, no less than the
Vindication of the Claim of the Society of Dilettanti to the honor
of the important Discoveries lately made, demand that no delay
should occur in publishing the beautiful Drawings, already laid

work

before them, in a manner equally splendid with the former publi-
cations of the Society/

The work was accordingly put in hand early in Details of
1 8 14. On February 2 the Ionian Committee passed scheme.
a series of resolutions approving of the plates of the

160 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Temple of Eleusis engraved under the superintendence
of Mr. Wilkins, and ordering other drawings of
Eleusis to be put in hand under the superintendence
of Mr. Wilkins and Sir H. C. Englefield, and that this
section of the work, viz. that on Eleusis, c as soon as
completed shall be offered to the Publick under the
title of Antiquities of Eleusis* Mr. Wilkins under-
took to give a written explanation of the archi-
tectural plates, Mr. Knight to draw up an account
of the mysteries at Eleusis, and Mr. Gell to give an
account of the mission and their transactions at
Eleusis. On June 3 Mr. Knight undertook to draw
up an abstract of the voyage and mission to be pre-
fixed to the publication of the Antiquities of Jttica,
Lord Aberdeen to examine and correct the account
of the Sacred Way by Mr. Gell, and Mr. Wilkins
to superintend the description of the plates, and to
obtain from the artists full accounts of the circum-
stances attending the excavations made at Eleusis and
elsewhere in Attica. Of these projected essays only
one by Mr. Wilkins on the Sacred Way was com-
plete^, and that in a greatly condensed form.

Acting further under the influence of the financial
EngllTeld's apprehensions expressed in the resolution already
Appeal. quoted, the committee instructed the Secretary,
Sir Henry Englefield, to draw up the follow-
ing appeal to the Society, the terms of which
are interesting as giving a resume of the position
which the Society claimed to hold with regard to the
promotion of the study of classical architecture : —

'Resolved, That the valuable and extensive Collection of
Measures and Drawings of Ancient Buildings in Greece and
Asia Minor, brought to this country by Mr. Gell in his late
voyage, undertaken by him under the auspices of the Society
of Dilettanti, cannot be given to the public without a very
considerable further expense, of which, though the sale of the works,

History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 161
i

if published, may be expected to repay a part, yet an entire
reimbursement can scarcely be hoped for; and, at all events, such
money must be laid out before any return can be made. It is,
however, by thus incurring risk of ultimate loss in giving to the
world valuable information, that the Society render themselves
most useful to the cause of literature. Individuals cannot in
general incur the expense necessary for the publication of great
works on the arts ; and persons engaged in publication in the way
of trade are not to be expected to publish, without pretty nearly
a certainty of profit. It has been highly to the honour of this
Society, that without any support from the public, or any funds but
what have arisen from the liberality of its Members, the only two
literary expeditions which, during a period of eighteen years, have
been sent from England for the purpose of investigating the
remains of Grecian taste and splendour, have sailed at their
expense.

* Whilst, however, we justly claim to ourselves great merit from
this, we ought not totally to forget, that, although this employment
of our funds is highly creditable to ourselves, we are in fact merely
disposing of what we have had very little share in collecting, and
that the spirited liberality of our predecessors, and the fortunate
purchase and re-sale of a piece of ground in Cavendish Square,
have put it in our power to do what perhaps has not ever been
done by any private society of individuals in Europe.

c As the Society now stands, we can scarcely be said to have given
anything towards the Promotion of these noble ends. Our annual
subscriptions just defray our annual expenses. No one has paid
more than ,£io ioj. as his contribution on admission, the great
majority only ,£5" ^s : and the guinea which most of us pay as face
money is all that can properly be said to be our annual contribution
to the promotion of the arts ; except the occasional contributions
on marriage or increase of income, which form a very inconsider-
able branch of our revenue. Is not this the moment to do something
more ? The African Association, the Palestine Association, have
had the Merit of contributing essentially to the great cause of
literature by the annual contributions of their Members, and it
would be a sort of insult to this most respectable and illustiious
Society to doubt of their readiness to complete the work, of which
the most difficult part is already so happily done, and diffuse the
information now in our own private possession. It must also be
remembered, that, as life is frail, if we neglect to employ and
arrange what has thus been collected, the common lot of mortality
may deprive us of those distinguished talents, so absolutely necessary
to their being reduced to a complete readiness for publication ; and
that, if that publication be as slow as without further aid from

161 History of the Society of Dilettanti

ourselves it must necessarily be, few of us can hope to have the
honour and credit, which will certainly result to us from their being
spread over Europe.

cThe Committee docs therefore unanimously recommend to
the Society that they do annually subscribe ten guineas each for the
next five years, for the purpose of promoting the publication of
the drawings collected by the Ionian Mission, over and above the
other payments made to the Society ; and further, that any Member
choosing to pay the whole fifty guineas in one payment, shall
receive from the Society his copy of the works published within the
five years, with the plates taken off on Indian paper; and that
should any Member having so subscribed his fifty guineas die before
the expiration of the five years, his heir, or any person appointed
by him, shall receive the work in the same manner as he would
himself have received it, if he were still living.

'The Committee also beg leave to inform the Society, that the
First Part of the Antiquities of Eleusis, containing general views
and plans, and the details of the Temple of Diana Propylaea, are
so far advanced, that it will be ready for delivery to the Members
early in the next winter ; and that the Second Part, which will give the
details of the Doric and Ionic Propylaea, is in hand, and consider-
ably advanced ; and they beg leave to observe, that it is important
that the engravers engaged by them should be, as far as is possible,
kept constantly employed, or otherwise they may be induced to
seek other engagements, which may materially delay the publications
of the Society/

its results. This earnest appeal to the memory of former
achievements, with its reflections on mortality and
the effects of procrastination, seems to have produced
a deep effect on the members of the Society. On
May i, 1 8 14, it is recorded

* That the Report of the Ionian Committee drawn up & printed
& distributed to the Members in consequence of the Orders of the
Meeting on March 6 was read & taken into consideration. It
was unanimously agreed by the x6 members present that the
proposed subscription of ten guineas each for five years certain
for the purpose of forwarding the publications of the Society be
adopted. Eleven votes by letter or Proxy were also given in favour
of this measure making on the whole 37 affirmatives, and only one
negative letter has been received. The thanks of the Society
were voted to the Duke of Somerset for his Grace's proposed
donation of fifty pounds made previous to the proposal of the
subscription now voted, to which he has added his assent to the

History of the Society of Dilettanti 16 1

proposed Annual Subscription and the Secretary was ordered to
communicate the same to his Grace.'

Later it was ordered that the payment of ten
guineas annually should begin with the year 18 14,
any member being entitled to pay the fifty guineas
down at once if he chose. This order was to apply
to all members elected within the five years, who
would thereby be entitled to the publications j and
the proposals of the committee with regard to
members who might die during this period of their
subscription were adopted. The portion of the
work in hand was then continued. During its
progress the idea of a separate publication of the
discoveries at Eleusis was abandoned, and it was
resolved to incorporate the whole in one volume,
which should include also the other Attic sites
of Rhamnus, Sunium, and Thoricus.

On March 8, i8itf, Mr. Wilkins, into whose <rhe
hands as editor had in the end been placed all Unedited
the drawings, journals, measurements, &c, prepared 'fl^VrV
during the expedition, reported to the committee ^
that the plates were ready, but that the booksellers
would not engage for the publication. It was
therefore decided that the committee should print
the work themselves, in a volume of the same size
as the Ionian Antiquities, employing Mr. Bulmer
as printer of the text and Mr. Cox of the plates,
300 copies to be printed, 100 being on India
paper for the use of the Society, and 200 on white
paper for the public. The copies on India paper
were, however, never executed. And the volume
did not reach its final form until 18 17, when it
was issued to members and to the public as The
^Unedited Antiquities of Attica ; comprising the Archi-
tectural Remains of Eleusis, Rhamnus, Sunium,

M 2

164 History of the Society of Dilettanti

and Thoricus. By the Society of Dilettanti.
London : Printed by W. Bulmer and Co. Cleve-
land-Row, St. James's. Published by Longman,
Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternoster-Row ;
and John Murray, Albemarle-Street. mdcccxvii.'
The book was reported to the Society as ready for
delivery to the members on April 13, 18 17. Copies
were presented to H.R.H. the Prince Regent, the
Duke of Somerset, the heirs of the late Mr. Horner,
the Honourable Mr. Trevor (late a member), and
Mr. Drummond (late a member). The copy pre-
sented to Mr. Horner's family bore the inscription,'*

( Franciscum Horner, integrum, humanum, clarum

Quern fatis asperis abreptum

Senatus populusque Britannus

Maestitia et honore unanimi decoraverunt,

Et Chorus (f)i\ofj,ov<Tti>v amissum deflens

Pietate fratris superstitis Leonardi Horner

Hoc desiderio mnemosynon committit.

H. C. Englefield.'

New edition As a collateral result of Gell's expedition, it should

of 'Ionian ^ be stated that with the help of the new material

ntiqutties. bought nome by him and his colleagues, the first

volume of the Ionian Antiquities, originally published

in 1769, was by-and-by entirely revised and re-edited,

the new edition being issued to the members of

the Society in 1821. The remainder of the results

relating to Ionia were put in hand for a third part

of the same publication, which did not, however,

see the light until 1840.

Further During the years thus occupied by the labours of

activities: tne New Ionian Committee, the expedition of Sir

volumeofthe William Gell, and the publication of the 'Unedited

'Specimens: Antiquities of Attica, the Society had been further

busied in a desultory way, under the direction of

Payne Knight, with the preparation of a second

History of the Society of Dilettanti 165

volume of Select Specimens of Antient Sculpture. Some
of the plates, as has been mentioned, had even been
executed before the issue of the first volume. Part of
the proceeds of the augmented or Ionian subscription
was diverted to the purpose of this publication. But
the work made very slow progress, and was not
completed by 1 8 24, when the death of Payne Knight
interposed new delays. He had not only been its
principal editor and promoter, but many of the plates
and drawings remained in his possession, and it
yas many months therefore before the Society could
recover them from among his effects. Before the
volume was ready, not only Townley's collection,
but Knight's also, passed into the British Museum.
Stimulated by the success of the Dilettanti publica-
tions, the authorities of that institution had com-
menced a rival publication of their own, the well-
known British Museum Marbles, described by Taylor
Combe, Cockerell, and E. Hawkins, and engraved
by Corbould and others. This was a formidable
rival to the publication of the Dilettanti, and its
appearance may perhaps have helped to account for
the want of success which attended the candidature of
Taylor Combe, the Keeper of the Antiquities in the
British Museum, for membership of the Society.

At last the projected number of plates, fifty-six, for Difficulties
the new volume of Specimens was completed, the text and delays.
provided, and the ornamental engravings chosen.
Then the Society wished to prefix to the volume an
essay on Classical Art. For this purpose Payne Knight
had prepared 'An Inquiry into the Symbolical
Language of Ancient Arts and Mythology': tired,
however, of waiting, he had published the essay in
a different form ; and had then quitted the scene
himself. The Society next invited an essay from

i66 History of the Society of Dilettanti

among its own members. Two responded to the
invitation, namely, Mr. Morritt and Mr. James
Christie, the latter an antiquary of cultivated taste,
and second of the name in the great house of
auctioneers irr* St. James's. Both these gentlemen
prepared essays, and the Committee of Publication
had great difficulty in deciding which of the two
to accept. In the end they preferred that of Mr.
Morritt, as 'the least liable to any objection that
might arise from the individual sentiments of the
several members of the Society, and from the con-
sideration that in a Society large and constituted as
this is, it is desirable rather to promulgate and
illustrate general notions than to attach their name
to any particular hypothesis ' ; a somewhat ambiguous
way of expressing that they thought Mr. Morritt's
essay better than Mr. Christie's. Mr. Christie's
essay was privately printed after his death by his
son. Finally in March, 1833, the Committee of
Publication decided after all to add Payne Knight's
essay, in spite of its having already appeared in two
different forms. The difficulties in producing the
volume were not, however, at an end, for the publish-
ing trade were unwilling to enter into any arrange-
ment such as that made with Messrs. Payne and
White concerning the first volume of Select Specimens.
Then the copperplate printer, Mr. Barnett, became
bankrupt, and the Dilettanti had great difficulty in
recovering their property from the lawyers' hands.
They had therefore to print and publish the
volume at their own expense, and did not succeed
in bringing it out until 1 8 3 ? .
Mode of The annual subscription known as the Ionian

meetmg subscription having lapsed at the close of the pre-
scribed period in 18 19, it became necessary to review

expenses.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 167

the funds of the Society available for the completion
of the second volume of the Specimens^ the second
edition of the Ionian Antiquities, and a proposed
third volume of the latter which was recommended
by the Committee of Publication, and which, says
the report,

'Will embrace a Variety of new and highly interesting matter;
consisting of the Antiquities of Cnidus, Patara, Myra, and the
Coast of Caramania ; amongst which are the excavated and
insulated Tombs at Myra and Telmessus, hitherto unnoticed, as we
believe, by any traveller.'

At a meeting of the Society on April 2y, 1819, the
following resolutions were adopted : —

c 1. That the Annual Subscription for Dinners be increased
from Four Guineas to Five.

c 2. That an Annual Subscription of Five Guineas be collected
from each Member to be exclusively applied to the purposes of
publishing the Collection of Drawings in possession of the Society,
or other works connected with Literature and the Arts.

'3. That in future every new member do pay a contribution
of Sixty Guineas on his admission.

'4. That every future Member do receive a copy of the Anti-
quities of Attica, and the two volumes of Ionian Antiquities,
so long as any copies of either or both of the said publications
remain at the disposal of the Society.

' 5T. That every Member of the present Society who has been
admitted since the publication of the Second Volume of the Ionian
Antiquities, or since that of the Antiquities of Attica, be presented
with a copy of either or both works, on payment of all arrears due
to the Society, provided he has not already received them/

At this same meeting it was proposed by Lord
Dundas, and seconded by Mr. Symmons, that the
Society of Dilettanti shall not exceed the number
of seventy members, which was ordered at the next
meeting of the Society on May 30, 18 19. In
May, 1824, the Committee of Publication reported
that there was ample means at the disposal of the
Society for completing the works in progress. The

1(58 History of the Society of 'Dilettanti

Society therefore resolved to abolish the special
Ionian subscription, and to revert to the ordinary
annual subscription, limiting the fee on the admission
of new members to ten guineas. It was also resolved
to accept an offer from Messrs. Priestley and Weale
to purchase the remaining copies of the ^Unedited
Antiquities of Attica for seven pounds a volume.
As stated before, however, the second volume of
the Specimens did not see the light until 1835-, while
the publication of the third volume of the Ionian
Antiquities was delayed until 1840 ; partly owing to
the illness and eventually the death of Mr. Wilkins,
one of the principal editors of the text, and to the
absence from England of Colonel Leake, who also
had a large share in superintending the work. To
meet the expenses of this volume the admission fee
was again increased from ten guineas to twenty.
Deaths of Reverting to the general history of the Society :
EvglefeU \n March, 1822, the members suffered a great
wht^ l°ss kv the death of their genial, learned, and in-
defatigable Secretary, Sir Henry Englefield, whose
zeal for the Society's affairs had been unremitting.
His intimate friend, William Sotheby, a cultivated
scholar and poet of society, and one of the most
enthusiastic of the Dilettanti, read a panegyric
on Englefield at the first meeting held after his
death, which was subsequently printed and dedicated
to the Society. In this Sotheby says —

'The functions exercised by him were virtually those of a
perpetual President ; not restricted solely to methodise the plans,
and regulate the proceedings of others, but eminently calculated to
enlighten and lead, and (as we have frequently experienced), to
originate measures which have made the elegant pursuits of
a private society important to the State, by promoting the cultiva-
tion of Arts, eventually connected with the Improvement of
Manufactures, and tending to the refinement and elevation of

ail
Knight.

SIR HENRY ENGLEFIE

History of the Society of Dilettanti 169

morals by multiplying the sources of intellectual pleasure, by
supplying adequate objects for the excitement of talent and
rational gratification for the superfluity of wealth/

This passage, though merely an extract from a
personal panegyric, seems to give the Society of
Dilettanti some claim to have anticipated, and
even initiated, that impetus of public taste and
opinion which led on to the Great International
Exhibition of i8yi, and to all its consequences in
connexion with the application of the fine arts to
the industry of the kingdom. Englefield's death
was followed by that of Payne Knight in 1824.
Each of these two had been for more than forty
years a member of the Society, and during successive
periods each had been conspicuous, as our narrative
will have shown, as its most prominent and most
characteristic figure.

Englefield was succeeded as Secretary by Sir sir T.
Thomas Lawrence, the famous portrait-painter and Lawrence
President of the Royal Academy, who spared what as ecretary-
he could of his time from his profession and his
manifold engagements to administer the affairs of
the Society. During the latter part of his secretary-
ship, a large part of the administration of the
Society's affairs was carried out by Mr. Wilkins,
R.A., who was afterwards presented by the Society
with a silver inkstand bearing an inscription recording
their gratitude for his various services.

In 1825- an unexpected tribute to the work of the a German
Society of Dilettanti was paid by Dr. F. C. H. Kruse, sch°lar's
Professor of History and Geography at the Uni-
versities of Halle and Wittenberg in Germany,
who in a work entitled Hellas^ or Geographical and
Antiquarian Researches into the State of Ancient
Greece and her Colonies^ with special Reference to

170 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Modern Discoveries, divided his history into five
periods — the first period being from the earliest days
to the conquest of the Romans ; the second, that of
the Dominion of the Romans ; the third, that of the
Byzantine Empire and the conquest of the Turks ;
the fourth, from the fall of Constantinople to the
foundation of the Society of Dilettanti ; and the
fifth, from that event to the date of publication.
With the foundation of the Society of Dilettanti,
says the learned historian, * begins a new period of
the discovery of Greece, in which the greatest
geographical and topographical accuracy was com-
bined with the most accurate measurements of the
antient buildings,' and he proceeds to eulogize
many of the members of the Society by name *.
Dht'm- Among members of special literary, social, or

gmshed political distinction elected during the secretaryships
of Englefield and Lawrence, whose names have
not hitherto been mentioned, or only mentioned in
passing, may be cited the brilliant scholar, poet, and
diplomatist, John Hookham Frere, 6 KakoKayaOos 6
^iAoAcaXoy, as Coleridge styled him; John Nicholas
Fazakerly, a well-known amateur ; Henry Gaily
Knight, who published poems now justly forgotten,
as well as works, which still have their value, on the
architecture and history of the Normans ; George
Watson-Taylor, whose collection of pictures was
afterwards famous ; Henry Hallam, the historian ;
William John Bankes, of Kingston Lacy; Francis
Horner, the well-known politician and economist ;
Sir Robert Peel, afterwards Prime Minister ; Richard
Heber, the celebrated book-collector ; Sir Richard

1 A correspondence between Kruse and Gell referring to these
matters is preserved in the Department of Greek and Roman
Antiquities at the British Museum.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 171

Westmacott, the sculptor ; George Vi Hie rs, afterwards
famous as Earl of Clarendon and Foreign Secretary ;
Frederick Robinson, better known as Lord Goderich
and eventually Earl of Ripon ; and the Dukes of
Norfolk, Sutherland, and Bedford. It may be noted
that at one time during the period under consideration
there belonged to the Society members representing
three generations of one family — Lord Dundas, for
many years the venerable father of the Society ; his
son, Sir Lawrence Dundas; and his grandson,
Mr. Thomas Dundas, afterwards Earl of Zetland.
The limitation of the Society to seventy members was
now adhered to, and a few well-known personages
failed to gain admission. The repeated rejection of
Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A., was due probably to the
desire of the Society to avoid an excess of the pro-
fessional element at their board, their list already
numbering three members from the Royal Academy,
Wilkins, Westmacott, and Shee. A similar reason,
as has been said, apparently helped to cause the
exclusion of Taylor Combe, the Keeper of the
Antiquities at the British Museum ; and the question
of nationality was probably fatal to the claims of
the well-known Prince Esterhazy.

CHAPTER VII

Secretaryship of W. T{. Hamilton — 'Reparation to Lord Elgin
— Correspondents abroad: the Hon. W. 7^ Spencer —
Sir W. Gell — Mr. Edward Dawkins — The Chevalier
Brbndsted — The Bronzes of Siris — Subscription for
their purchase — Proposed continuation of 'Ionian
Antiquities ' — Application from Mr. Penrose — Mr.
Penrose supported by the Society — 'Investigations of
Athenian Architecture' — Latter years of Hamilton s
secretaryship — Members elected under his regime :
Shee, Mountstuart Elphinstone, Hobhouse, (3c. — East-
lake, I^yan, Munro of Novar, &c. — Mr. Penrose,
Monckton Milnes, Watkiss Lloyd, Panhyfa Cockcrell,
&c. — C. T Newton : his correspondence from Syra
and Mitylene — The Mausoleum of Halicarnassus —
Proposal from the Arundel Society — Dedications
of Cockcrell's volumes.

secret^- O IR THOMAS LAWRENCE died in 1830, and
ship of ^^ Was succeeded in the office of Secretary

Hamilton to the Dilettanti hY Mr- W. R. Hamilton,

the friend and former secretary to Lord Elgin.
Hamilton had served the State from 1809 to 1822
as Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs,
and from 1822 to 1825- had resided as Minister
at the Court of Naples. His share in the proceedings
which led up to the acquisition of the Elgin Marbles
by the nation has already been described. It is also

History of the Society of Dilettanti 173

to his credit that during his tenure of office he
took a considerable part in compelling Louis XVIII
to return to Italy the treasures of art of which
that country had been despoiled by Napoleon.
His combination of antiquarian with diplomatic ex-
perience enabled him to be of good service to the
Dilettanti in the period of upwards of a quarter of
a century during which he had the chief management
of their affairs, although the period was, it must be
admitted, not a very eventful one in their annals.

In the year following Hamilton's election (18 31), Reparation
we find the Dilettanti, no doubt under his influence, * If*
offering to Lord Elgin a tardy reparation for their E &*•
past misjudgement by conferring on him the unsought
honour of election to their body. In the following
letter dated from Leamington, July 25-, 1831, Elgin
declined the compliment in words which, strictly
polite as they are, can hardly have failed to recall
to the Society bitter remembrances of the error into
which they had been led by Payne Knight, and for
which they now sought to make amends : —

c On coming here on the score of health, I have been obliged to
abstain from any business which I could possibly defer • and among
the rest, 1 am sorry to have to acknowledge, is my answer to the
communication you made me, of the Dilettanti Society having
been pleased, in the most agreeable manner, to propose that
I should be admitted as one of their members. I have been
a good deal embarrassed by this communication ; I have a peculiar
interest in the pursuits cf the Society, and feel much gratified by
this act of kindness from many to whom I look with friendship and
respect. But my case is this : no one knows more intimately than
you do, that the impulses which led me to the exertions I made in
Greece were wholly for the purpose of securing to Great Britain,
and through it to Europe in general, the most effectual possible
knowledge, and means of improving, by the excellence of Grecian
art in sculpture and architecture. My success, to the vast extent
it was effected, will never cease to be a matter of the utmost
gratification to me. If, when it was made known to the public,

174 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Correspon-
dents
abrocd:
the Hon.
W. R.
Spencer.

twenty-five years ago, or at any reasonable time afterwards, it had
been thought that the same energy would be considered useful to
the Dilettanti Society, most happy should I have been to have
contributed every aid in my power. But as such expectation has
long since past, I really do not apprehend that I shall be thought
fastidious if I decline the honour now proposed to me at this my
eleventh hour/

Lord Elgin, though his health had already begun
to fail, survived for ten years the date of this letter,
and, dying in 1841, was succeeded by his second son,
the eighth earl, afterwards successively Governor of
Canada and Governor-General of India.

Two of the leading members of the Society had
about 1820 taken up their residence permanently
on the Continent, but were in the sequel persuaded
to remain honorary and corresponding members of
the Society. One of these, the Honourable William
Robert Spencer, who settled in Paris, was among the
most refined and cultivated men in the society of his
day ; and of his many poems, which were at one time
highly esteemed in fashionable circles, a few have
survived with hopes of permanency, such as his
pathetic verses of < Beth Gelert,' * The Emigrant's
Grave,' &c. On July 4, 1830, a resolution was
passed by the Society

' That it be notified to Mr. Spencer that in consideration of his
able and distinguished conduct during the time that he had attended
the Meetings of the Society, he be released from all annual pay-
ments to the Society during the time that he shall continue his
Residence abroad, that he be requested to communicate to the
Secretary from time to time such matters of Information, as may
fall under his notice, wherever he may be resident, as he may
judge likely to interest the Society or contribute in any way to
promote the general purposes of the Society/

sir w. Gell. The other exile was Sir William Gell, who
settled in Italy in 1820, residing partly in Rome,
but chiefly, and in the end permanently, at Naples.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 175-

Here he became a worthy successor of Sir William
Hamilton, without, however, the brilliant glamour
and romance which surrounded his predecessor's
name. He devoted himself especially to the newly
discovered antiquities at Pompeii, and his book, the
Pompeiana, in which he was aided by J. P. Gandy,
his fellow-traveller, remains a standard work upon
the subject. In the year 1830, when there took place
a complete revision of the Society's rules, a special
reservation was made in favour of Gell in the
following terms : —

'That the Secretary be directed to write to Sir William Gell
that in consideration of his long residence in Italy, for the benefit
of his health, and of his former distinguished service to the Society
of Dilettanti, they have been graciously pleased to appoint him
their Resident Plenipotentiary in Italy ; and that in virtue of that
appointment he be enjoined to keep the Society regularly informed,
by letters addressed to the Secretary, of such discoveries of literary
or archaeological interest as may be made from time to time in the
vicinity of his residence, whether relating to objects of ancient art,
or serving to illustrate the ancient history or topography of Italy ;
and that Sir William Gell be relieved from all payments to the
Society, in consequence of his being thus employed on the public
service.'

To this invitation Sir William Gell responded
with great readiness, and he regularly corresponded
with the Secretary until within a short time of his
death, giving an account of the archaeological
researches on which he or his friend, Mr. Dodwell,
was continually engaged. These letters, copies of
which have been preserved, are exceedingly interest-
ing from their relation of the discoveries of classical
art, especially Etruscan and Pompeian, during the few
years which preceded Gell's death in 1834. One
result of the correspondence of the Society with Gell
was that they agreed to assist him in the publication
of a valuable work on the topography of Rome,

176 History of the Society of Dilettanti

a kind of a gazetteer accompanied by a map l. The
Society had this map re-engraved in England at their
expense, voted him ^200 as a gift towards his ex-
penses, and finally arranged for the publication of
the work by Messrs. Saunders and Otley, and for the
sale of the copyright of the book and map to the
publishers for £300, to be paid to Sir William Cell.
Mr. Edward In 1 8 3 3 the Society, having received some
Danvk'ms. valuable communications from Mr. Edward Dawkins,
the British Minister at Athens, resolved

c That it is the opinion of this meeting that it would tend to
add considerably to the Interest of the Meetings of this Society,
if means could be found to establish regular correspondence with
some Persons at Athens and at Rome or Naples from whom the
Society might receive regular monthly communications of the
nature of these just read, but more in details and comprehending
a consecutive Report of all such Events occurring there, as would
interest the Lovers of Antient Art and Archaeology — That an
application be forthwith made to Sir W. Gell to invite him to do
his utmost to meet the Views of the Society by writing at regular
Intervals from Rome or from Naples & that a similar suggestion
be made to Mr. Dawkins — or some other Person at present residing
or travelling in Greece or who may be about to proceed thither.
That such an arrangement would be entirely within the objects for
which the Society of Dilettanti was originally formed, and which
have never ceased to occupy their attention. The purport of this
Resolution be at an early period brought before the Committee of
Publication and that they do advise such measures as may seem to
them most expedient for carrying this Resolution into effect/

The Society thereupon wrote to Mr. Crowe, the
British Consul at Patras, and to Baron Bunsen at
Rome. Nothing however came of it, for Gell, who
had been corresponding with the Society on the lines
here laid down, as stated above, died in the following
year, and Mr. Dawkins, leaving the Greek legation,
soon after returned to England. He was elected a
member of the Society in 1 8 3 c» .

1 The Topography of Rome and its vicinity : 2. vols., with separate
map; London, 1834.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 177

Hamilton, from his former residence at Naples and The che-
his work as Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, was v*lier,
in communication with many correspondents abroad,
especially on subjects connected with classical archae-
ology; among his correspondents was Chevalier Philip
Oluf Brondsted, Counsellor of State to H.M. the King
of Denmark. Brondsted had been for many years
a devoted student of ancient Greek architecture, and
had published a volume of Travels and Researches in
Greece. On February tf, 18 31, he forwarded a copy
of his work as a present to the Society. On May 4
following, Hamilton called attention to this gift,
and to the fact that Brondsted was contemplating the
publication of an essay on the sculptures of the
Parthenon, of which he had made a special study.
It was suggested that this work was worthy of the
patronage of the Society, and that it might be
published separately or included as an appendix to
the prefatory note in the still uncompleted second
volume of the Select Specimens. The Committee of
Publication agreed to recommend the Society to
purchase and publish Brondsted's memoir, and to pay
the cost of engraving the six plates to accompany the
work. Brondsted continued to correspond with the
Dilettanti. On February y, 1832, he forwarded as
a gift to them a copy of a memoir on Panathenaic
vases and the holy oil given as prize to the victors
in those games. On March 4, 1832, the Society
exhibited a Greek Etruscan vase, the property of
the Chevalier Brondsted, in the form of a y^vKr-qp^
or double vessel for cooling wine or other liquor,
and read a description of the same, written by the
owner of the vase for the information of the Society.

Among the various objects acquired by the Che- The Bronzes
valier Brondsted were two beautiful bronzes which °fsir's-

178 History of the Society of Dilettanti

had been found in 1820 near the river Siris in
Lucania. They consist of two groups, repousses and
chased in high relief, each representing a combat
between a Greek and an Amazon. They had served
as the shoulder-ornaments of a cuirass, and are now
generally accepted as the finest Greek bronze work
of the fourth century b. c, although at first they
were supposed to be relics of the first battle of
Pyrrhus against the Romans, which took place near
the spot where they were found. These exquisite
specimens, afterwards justly extolled by Thorwaldsen
and other artists, were put up to public auction in 1 8 3 2,
but found no purchaser. They were then offered to
the Society of Dilettanti, and were deposited at the
Secretary's house at 22 Grafton Street. On March 2,
1833, the Committee of Publication recorded that

c A Proposal from the Chevalier Bronsted respecting the purchase
of his Bronzes found on the banks of the Siris in Magna Graecia
together with his description and Historical Essay and engraved
copper plates of them, being brought before the consideration
of the Committee — It was resolved that the Committee of Pub-
lication do not recommend to the Society the effecting such
a purchase on the terms proposed by him — nor indeed on any terms
likely to be accepted by him — by the Society as a Body — But as it
was certainly a very desirable object that the Bronzes in question,
which are undoubtedly of the highest Interest, as works of Greek
Art, should if possible be preserved to this country — It may be
worth while to make some exertions to effect this purpose — and
the Committee were therefore of opinion, that an Arrangement
might be attempted, by which the Government could be induced to
give as far as ^500 towards their purchase for the British Museum ;
(there being good Reason for believing that an offer to at least that
Amount was made on the part of the Museum, when they were put
up to public auction last year) — if a subscription to be set on foot
among the late and present Members of this Society could raise such
additional sum, as might induce the Chevalier to part with them.
It being understood that in case of the purchase being thus effected
the Bronzes would become the property of the Trustees of the
British Museum, and the Plates and Essay reserved to the Society
— these to be forthwith published by the Society together with that

History of the Society of Dilettanti 179

Gentleman's Memoir on the Marb'es of the Pediments of the
Parthenon for which the Society are already under an engage-
ment with him/

The Dilettanti, having ascertained that the Subscription
authorities of the British Museum could not provide f" their
a sum of £6 00 or £700, but were willing to contribute furc ase'
£jo to such a subscription as they proposed, deter-
mined to set it on foot, their intention being accelerated
by a letter from Brondsted, in which he said that
although he was anxious for the bronzes to remain
in England, one-half of the purchase-money (£fo&\
must be paid during the ensuing June, as he could
get 2^,000 francs for them in Paris any day he
might choose to bring them over. During the
progress of the subscription the Society agreed as
a body to deposit a sufficient sum of money, if
possible, as a guarantee to ensure the bronzes not
going out of England. When the subscription was
started, it was responded to by thirty-four members
of the Society, whose contributions amounted to
nearly ^yoo. The Society then printed a circular
and distributed it among 'the friends of Virtu.'
During the remainder of 1835 the subscriptions
amounted to over £800, and at their meeting on
February 2, 1834, the Secretary was able to
announce to the Society that the £1,000 had
been completed by the contribution of £200 on
behalf of the British Museum. The sum of £1000
was thereupon paid over to the Chevalier Erondsted,
and the bronzes were handed over to the trustees of
the British Museum, where they had been deposited
on September 1 o, 1 8 3 3. A sum of £23 4/. 6d.^ which
remained over, was devoted to the purchase of
a suitable case in which to exhibit them. The
credit of this subscription must be given entirely to

N 1

180 History of the Society of Dilettanti

the Society of Dilettanti. The Society then pro-
ceeded to acquire the memoir written by Chevalier
Brondsted upon the bronzes and the copperplates
engraved for the publication. They printed the
work and issued it at their expense in 1836. The
memoir on the pediments of the Parthenon was
never completed by Brondsted, who in April, 1840,
asked to be allowed to resume possession of the two
copperplates which had been prepared to illustrate
it, in return for his engagement to deliver to each
member of the Society one copy of the work in
question. The Society acceded to this request, but
Brondsted died in 1842, without having received the
plates from H. Corbould the engraver (who died
about the same time).
Proposed When the third volume of the Ionian Antiquities was

continuation at length published (see above, p. 16 81 the Society of
Annuities' Dilettanti had already in contemplation a fourth
volume of the same series, for which some of the plates
were actually ready. The death of Mr. Wilkins, R.A.,
who was to have been responsible for the text, put
a stop to further progress with the volume.
Application On June 7, 1846, a fresh opportunity presented
from Mr. itself to the Society, when the Secretary read to the
meeting a paper prepared by Mr. Penrose, architect,
which had been previously submitted to the trustees
of the British Museum. The object of this com-
munication was to explain that the author, during
a recent visit to Athens, had ascertained the existence
of certain alleged anomalies in the construction of
the Parthenon, but had not been able for want of
adequate means to particularize their precise extent
and purpose with the mathematical accuracy
which was desirable. He now made known to the
Society his readiness to repair again to that city,

Penrose.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 181

and apply himself to verifying these irregularities
with the utmost precision which circumstances would
allow: for which object Mr. Penrose requested the
countenance of the Society, an advance or credit
to the amount of £?o for the scaffolding which
would be required, and an official introduction to
Sir Edmund Lyons, our Minister to the Greek
Government, which might ensure him facilities in the
prosecution of this very desirable object. Mr. Deering
having intimated his conviction that his colleague
in the Ionian mission, Mr. Francis Bedford, had
already sufficiently ascertained the bearings of this
question, and having represented that it might be ad-
visable to refer to that gentleman for his notes on the
subject, the Secretary further explained the particular
scope of Mr. Penrose's proposed investigations.

At their next meeting, on July 5-, 1 846, the Society Mr. Penrose
unanimously agreed supported by

£ That application should be made to the Secretary of State for
foreign Affairs for a letter of Introduction & Recommendation to
our Minister at Athens, with a view to facilitating Mr. Penrose's
operations, particularly permission to erect a scaffolding against
the Walls or Columns of the Temple, and that the Society should
contribute ^"^o towards the Expense of such scaffolding — that if
within these limits Mr. P. was enabled to extend his operations to
the Temple of Theseus also & other buildings at Athens of that
age, he would be at liberty to do so/

Application was therefore made to Lord
Palmerston, who furnished Mr. Penrose with the
requisite letter for Sir E. Lyons, and on February
7, 1847, the Secretary was able to report that
Mr. Penrose had already commenced his operations.
Mr. Penrose communicated the results of his investi-
gations in letters to the Society, and after his return,
towards the close of the same year, a portfolio
of drawings was submitted to the Society, which

the Society.

i8i History of the Society of Dilettanti

Mr. Penrose was willing to place at the disposal
of the members, if they should be inclined to publish
them.
'invest}- The Committee of Publication reported on March

gations 6 lg48

of Athenian ' T '

Architec- c That they have examined in company with Mr. Penrose the

ture.' plans 6c working Drawings made by that Gentleman at Athens

and since he left that City which were submitted to the Society at
their last meeting, and which related to certain recently verified
principles in the construction of the Parthenon, & other Greek
buildings, to which subject his attention had been drawn by the
Society when he left England last summer.

'That they have been much gratified by the evidence, which these
Drawings offered of the labour and zeal, which Mr. Penrose has
applied to the object of his Researches, and he seems to them to have
satisfactorily proved his positions by the accuracy of his observations,
& by mathematical calculation. That they are of opinion that it
will reflect honour and credit on the Society, if they undertake the
publication of these Drawings, or a sufficient portion of them, which
Mr. Penrose has very liberally placed at the disposal of the Society.

cIf the Society should adopt their proposals the Committee
recommend that the List of Drawings appended to this Report,
should be selected for publication.

c That each of these Drawings should be accompanied by a page
or half-page of letterpress explanatory of its contents, and
Mr. Penrose could prepare a short account of his proceedings
during the progress of his labours on the Parthenon and the few
difficulties he had to surmount, the facilities supplied to him, and
any particular details, which occurred at the time, illustrative of
the subject he had in hand, & which may serve to give to the
Public a more comprehensive View of the Construction of Greek
Temples in the most flourishing period of the arts in Greece,
especially in reference to the newly advanced principles which have
been more or less alluded to, or obscurely indicated by antient writers.

c The Committee have been given to understand that the prepared
Plates being twenty-six in number, may be engraved on an average
expense of from six to ten pounds each : the letterpress would
comprize about thirty pages of the usual size of the Society's
publications : Say nine sheets at £5 15" o per sheet, paper included,
i.e. £51 ij 0/

The Society unanimously resolved that the above
report be approved and adopted. A notice of the

History of the Society of Dilettanti 183

proposed publication was therefore printed and
distributed to the members of the Society. The
work was at once put in hand, and was originally
intended to form a second volume to the ^Unedited
Antiquities of Attica. This idea was however aban-
doned, and in May, 18^0, it was decided to issue
the work as a separate volume, under the title of
Investigations of Athenian Architecture. Proofs of the
plates and text were laid on the table at various
meetings of the Society, and in February, 1872, the
volume itself was at last laid on the table. The
usual number of presentation copies was distributed,
and each member received a copy with an accom-
panying portfolio of prints, the remaining copies
being offered to the public at £4, afterwards raised
to £f $s. od. apiece.

After the publication of Mr. Penrose's work,, the Latter
energies of the Society of Dilettanti slackened for %?*£ ,

° T . , J , , , . n . . Hamilton s

some years. It would seem that the repeated infliction secretary.
of additional subscriptions, in order to defray the ship.
expense of successive publications, not only proved
irksome to members, even when they bore their
share ungrudgingly, but also had a deterrent effect
on obtaining fresh candidates, as the members of
the Society from this time fell far short of the
seventy to which number its circle had been limited.
The Secretary, Mr. W. R. Hamilton, occupied some of
the leisure of his declining years in compiling a list
of the members of the Society from its foundation,
which was finished in 18^4 and printed for the
use of members shortly afterwards, as well as a com-
pendious history of the Society, which was completed
and distributed to members in 185-5-, under the
title c Historical Notices of the Society of Dilettanti.
Printed for Private Circulation only. Seria Ludo.

184 History of the Society of Dilettanti

7ro\\ol 8e fie/xvavrai, KaXov el tl 7rovaOfj. Pindar, 01.
vi.' To this work, which was printed by John
Bowyer Nichols of Parliament Street, a portrait
of tfie author, lithographed by R. J. Lane, A.R.A.,
from a portrait by H. Phillips, was prefixed by
order of the Society. The present work is based
upon Hamilton's brief history, largely supplemented
and amplified from a study of the original records
of the Society and its committees. Hamilton, in
spite of repeated offers to resign owing to his in-
creasing age, continued to act as Secretary to the
Society until the month before his death, which
took place in June, 185-9. Sir Edward Ryan at
once took over the management of the Society's
affairs, but at first only in the capacity of acting
Secretary, and it was not till the beginning of 1863
that he was finally confirmed in the appointment.
Members During Hamilton's regime of all but thirty years,

elected under fa* personnel of the Society had naturally undergone
skeee&mei many changes. The new members elected in the
Mountstuart first years of his secretaryship included Mr., after-
Elphin- wards Sir, Martin Archer Shee, P.R.A., who succeeded
f?2j Sir Thomas Lawrence as titular Painter to the Society;

fa ' the Hon. Mountstuart Elphinstone, one of the most
gifted and far-seeing of the great succession of Indian
commanders and administrators under the Company,
who on his return home from office as Governor
of the Bombay Presidency in 1829 had travelled
and studied to good purpose in Greece and Italy ;
Lord Burghersh, afterwards Earl of Westmorland,
H.B.M.'s ambassador to Berlin and Vienna ; the
Marquess of Northampton, afterwards President of
the Royal Society and the Society of Antiquaries ;
Sir Alexander Baring, afterwards Lord Ashburton,
the well-known politician, diplomatist, and amateur

History of the Society of Dilettanti 185*

of art j Lord Heytesbury, another diplomatist of
varied experience who was also an amateur and
collector ; the aforesaid Mr. Edward Dawkins, fresh
from the legation at Athens ; and Sir John Cam
Hobhouse, well known as the intimate friend and
companion of Lord Byron. Hobhouse's incautious
expression of his radical opinions in politics once
brought him within the gates of Newgate ; but
he afterwards served his country honourably in
successive cabinets as Secretary of War and President
of the Board of Control, and eventually entered
a haven of repose by being called up to the House
of Lords as Lord Broughton of GyfFord in i8yi.
Hobhouse was elected in 1 8 3 9, and continued for
many years to be a leading spirit among the
Dilettanti. The next ten years were a period of
quietude in the history of the Society, only broken
by the publication of Mr. Penrose's important work
on the Principles of Athenian Architecture. Among
the few members elected some well-known amateurs
and collectors found a place, such as Sir John
Hippisley, M.P., and Beriah Botfield, M.P., the
bibliographer and antiquary, who was for some
years one of the most regular attendants at the
Society's meetings.

In 1848 the post of Painter to the Dilettanti again East/ake,
fell vacant, through the death of Sir Martin A. Shee, fy"h
and descended to the next holder of the presidential J£j£ *£.
chair at the Royal Academy, Sir Charles Lock
Eastlake. In the same year the Society gained
a valuable recruit in the person of Sir Edward Ryan,
lately returned from his position as Chief Justice
of Bengal, and about to serve his country still more
usefully as head of the Civil Service Commission
during a prolonged period of transition and reform.

i86 History of the Society of Dilettanti

During the fifties there came in a number of wealthy
amateurs and picture-collectors (the fashion of
forming private collections of ancient marbles had
by this time passed away), foremost among whom were
Mr. R. S. Holford ; Mr. H. A. Johnstone Munro, of
Novar ; Mr. William Stirling, afterwards Sir William
Stirling-Maxwell, of Keir; Mr. Henry Danby Seymour,
of Knoyle, M.P. j Mr. George Tomline, M.P., of Orwell
Park ; the Hon. Francis Charteris, best known
for many years as Lord Elcho, now Earl of Wemyss \
Mr. Wells of Redleaf; and the Hon. Charles
Hardinge, afterwards Viscount Hardinge, in later life
an active trustee of the National Gallery and
National Portrait Gallery. Some of these long
remained active members of the Society ; others re-
signed (the word c abdicated ' had by this time fallen
out of use) within a few years of their election.
Mr. Penrose, In 185-2 the Dilettanti were joined by a pro-
Monckton fessional member, Mr. F. C. Penrose the architect,
Watkils whose labours in elucidating the subtler principles
Uoyd, of Athenian architecture they had already en-
Pamzzi, couraged and given to the world, as above narrated,
cockerell, ancj W^Q g^jjj survives as father of the Society (1897).

In the same year the Society elected Mr. Richard
Monckton Milnes, afterwards so well known as Lord
Houghton, the most genial and accomplished of men
of society, politicians, and poets, than whom few
men have ever seen more varieties of life, or taken
their experiences with a gayer curiosity and zest. In
185-7 Monckton Milnes contributed to the Edinburgh
Review an article on Hamilton's Historical Notices of
the Society, and up to the time of his death in
1885- remained one of its most active and devoted
members. The more strictly scholarly group of
Dilettanti was increased in 185-4 by the election of

History of the Society of Dilettanti 187

Mr. William Watkiss Lloyd, a gentleman of means
who enthusiastically devoted his life to the study of
ancient art, antiquities, and literature, and was the
author of a large number of treatises, published and
unpublished, on these and cognate subjects, as well as
of two remarkable historical works, the Age of Pericles
and the History of Sicily. Until his death in 1893
Mr. Lloyd was one of the principal guides and advisers
of the Dilettanti in their archaeological undertakings.
Subsequently to the publication of Mr. Penrose's
book on Athenian Architecture, he elaborated and
published a Theory of the Proportions of Archi-
tecture as used by the Ancients, which was adopted
by Mr. Penrose in his revised edition of the above
work. The year 185-7 was marked by the election
of Baron Marochetti, the Parisianized Piedmontese
sculptor who in those days enjoyed in England
a reputation and a practice beyond what now seem
to us his deserts; of the naturalized Italian exile
Panizzi, a man whose gifts of organization, force
of character, and subtlety of brain might have made
him the equal of the foremost statesmen of his time,
but whom the chances of life caused to devote his
extraordinary powers to the service of the British
Museum, of which he had just been appointed
Principal Librarian ; and, finally, of a member still
living, Sir William Augustus Fraser, afterwards M.P.,
author of Poems of the Kjiight of Morar, Disraeli and
his Day ^ Hie ettl)bique3 &c, &c, and compiler of a list
of members of the Society down to 1874, copies of
which he presented to the existing members at that
date. In i8y8 was elected another member who is
still active, Mr. W. Cornwallis Cartwright, long M.P.
for Oxfordshire: and in the same year a veteran
among professional architects and archaeologists in

i88 History of the Society of Dilettanti

the person of Charles Robert Cockerell, R.A.
Thirty-seven years earlier Cockerell had been one of
the most enterprising of students and travellers on
classic soil, and had taken an active part in the
expedition of Stackelberg, Haller, and the rest, for
exploring the temples of Aegina and Phigaleia,
by the results of which the museums of Munich
and London respectively have been so memorably
enriched (see above, p. i?6). It was only now, after
a professional career of great activity and success,
that Cockerell found leisure to prepare for publica-
tion an account of those explorations of his youth.
c. T. New- Meanwhile a comparatively young archaeologist,
ton : his destined for many years to be the most distinguished
c&rrespon- Q£ ^ cauing. in England, had entered into relations

dence from . o . © . . ' .. .

Syra and with the Society , without as yet having become
Mitylene. a member. At the meeting held on February 5-,
185-4, it is recorded that

'Mention having been made of the very exemplary zeal,
activity and intelligence in the Study and Investigation of Greek
Antiquities in various parts of the Levant shown by Mr. Charles
T. Newton, lately an Assistant in the Department of Antiquities
in the British Museum, and who is now Her Majesty's Vice
Consul at Mitylene, & has lately been Resident at Rhodes as
H. M. acting Consul & Reference having been made to a corre-
spondence between the Society and the late Sir Wm. Gell whilst
residing at Rome. . . It was unanimously Resolved on the motion
of Mr. R. M. Milnes seconded by the Secretary, that Mr. C. T.
Newton be requested to allow himself to be named a correspondent
of the Society of Dilettanti in the Archipelago, and in the Hellenic
Cities bordering on the Coasts of that Sea ; and that the Secretary
do acquaint him that the Society will be extremely gratified if he
will have the kindness from time to time to address to them thro5 the
Secretary, such notices of Archaeological Research, as he may be of
opinion will be interesting and welcome to the Society ; and that
these communications be read to the Society at their Meetings/

This invitation was gladly accepted by Mr. Newton.
On July 2, 1 8 5-4, the Secretary laid on the table a

History of the Society of Dilettanti 189

letter from Mr. C. Newton dated Syra, June 8 pre-
ceding, and reported to the Society the general
contents of the same, relating to the Museums of
Classical Antiquities which the writer had visited at
Paris, Nimes, and Aries. On May d, 185-5-, another
letter was read from Mr. Charles Newton, dated
Mitylene, March 22, in which he gave an account
of the excavations which he had been carrying
on for Lord Stratford de Redcliffe among the
ancient tombs in the island of Calymnos. A further
communication was received on May u, 18 5-6, from
Mr. Newton, dated Budrum, February 1 , announcing
his discovery of the remains of the ancient city of
Lagina, mentioned by Strabo, with a temple of Hecate,
at Mughlah. On February 1, 185-7, the Secretary re-
ported that in consequence of Mr. Charles Newton,
Vice-Consul at Mitylene, having been deputed by the
Government to conduct several archaeological re-
searches in the Levant, and particularly on the coast
of Asia Minor, such researches being almost identical
with those which had engaged for so many years
the attention of this Society, he had taken upon
himself to present to that gentleman, in the name of
the Society, a copy of the Society's publications,
which Mr. Newton considered would be of great
use to him in the prosecution of his researches.
The Society were pleased to approve of what the
Secretary had done in their name.

In another letter dated Budrum, March 19, 185-7, The
and read May, 185-7, Mr. Newton communicated to Mausoleum
the Societv the progress of his important operations °fHai~
in excavating the site of the Mausoleum at Hali-
carnassus. The result of these operations was, as is well
known, not only to solve a topographical and artistic
problem of the highest interest, but at the same time

ipo History of the Society of Dilettanti

to enrich the British Museum with the most important
series of original Greek marbles which had been
recovered from any ancient site since the Phigaleian
explorations of 1811-12. The consideration of
Mr. Newton's letter led to an important step on the
part of the Society, for on July y following,

c Mr. Penrose represented to the meeting that in consequence
of the very interesting & impoitant Discoveries lately made by
Mr. C. Newton at Halicarnassus, by which the real site & general
Disposition of the Mausoleum had been ascertained and several
specimens of antient art belonging to that monument had been
brought to light, It seemed to be an object well worthy of the
character of the Society, and strictly consonant to its former pursuits,
To send to Budrum a qualified Architect, with Instructions to
note such designs & ornaments (sculptural as well as archi-
tectural) as would be sufficient to illustrate the Art of the period
and to make out a perfect plan & elevation of this celebrated
Structure. After some discussion, it was Resolved that the
subject be forthwith refened to the Committee of Publication
for their consideration & inquiry. Resolved also that considering
the period of the year and that no meeting of the Society would
take place before next Febiuary, That if the Committee should
decide that such a measure was under all circumstances expedient
& desirable, they have full authority to take steps to put it into
immediate execution.

1 Resolved also that the said Committee be instructed to limit
the whole expense of the proposed Mission to a Sum not exceeding
£i<$o. Resolved also that the Committee do furnish the Architect
so to be appointed, with full and proper Instructions for the
guidance of his conduct/

When the Society reassembled in February, 185-8,
the Secretary reported that an architect had been
sent out by H. M. Government to assist Mr. Newton
in his work at Halicarnassus, and that this architect
was Mr. Pullan, the very man whom Mr. Penrose
was prepared to recommend to the Society, so that
there was no need for any expenditure on the part
of the Society of Dilettanti for that particular object.
Proposal The next question which occupied the attention

from the 0f the Society was an invitation made to the Society

History of the Society of Dilettanti ipi

in March, 18^9, by the Arundel Society through Sir Arundel
Coutts Lindsay, Bart., to co-operate in a scheme for &»**/•
making reduced copies of the Elgin Marbles and
other works of Greek sculpture, in order to facili-
tate their acquisition by artists and others, and to
promote the study ana appreciation of the finest
works of Greek sculpture. Although the Society
showed a disposition to assist in the matter, the
scheme of joint action appears to have been
abandoned by the Arundel Society.

On June 3, i860, the acting Secretary (Sir Dedica-
E. Ryan) called the attention of the Society to tionsk°^ir
Mr. CockerelPs work on the temples at Aegina tf^wrff
and Bassae, then on the eve of publication, and
Mr. Penrose read to the members a description of
its contents. In this important work the first
part was dedicated to the Society's late Secretary,
Mr. W. R. Hamilton, and the second to the Society
itself, a sufficient tribute to the importance of
the work done by the Dilettanti in the domain
of archaeological exploration. The Society agreed
to purchase seventy copies of Mr. Cockerell's work,
distributing a copy to each present member of the
Society and retaining the rest for the use of future
members, and wrote to Mr. Cockerell

c That this tribute to the Memory of their late Secretary whom
the Society so highly valued & whose loss they so deeply deplored
was most grateful to the feelings of the Society — That the Society
most cordially accepted the honor of having the second Part of the
work dedicated to them — That it is so perfectly in harmony with
their own publications that they are anxious in some degree to
identify themselves with this most valuable work, and are desirous
of becoming subscribers for seventy copies, & if not attended with
any inconvenience would be glad to have the names of the present
members of the Society inserted after the dedication to the
Society/

CHAPTER VIII

Removals : new Thatched House Tavern j Willis s Rooms
— State of the Society — Sir C. T. Newton, Sir F.
Leighton, fiSr. — Art collectors and amateurs $ country
gentry, &c. s Bar and Bench — Pollock, Venables,
Bovoen — Learning $ the Civil Service ; Foreign
Diplomacy — New antiquarian enterprise : Mr. Pullan
and the Temple of Teos — The Smintheum — Temple
of Priene — ' Ionian Antiquities,' vol. iv — Time and
mode of publication — Penrose's c Athenian Archi-
tecture',' new edition — Appeals from various quarters:
Temple of Ephesus ; British School at Athens —
Changes and removals since 1 8 8 8 — New members —
Discussions and resolutions — Retrospect: changed
conditions of archaeological study — Decline of classical
enthusiasm in England — The Archaeological Institute
of Rome ; various foreign schools at Athens —
Revival of the study in England, but in another
shape — Part taken, or to be taken, by the Dilettanti
— Conclusion.

'Removals-. r^vURING the secretaryship of Mr. W. R.
n<T hd I Hamilton the Dilettanti had been obliged

„„,„. D

House ga "^"^ to shift their quarter as the premises

Tavern -y occupied by Mr. Willis at the old Thatched

House Tavern were disposed of in 1842-3 to

make room for the Conservative Club. Mr. Willis,

however, merely transferred his quarters to the

Willis's
Rooms

History of the Society of Dilettanti 193

house next door, hitherto occupied by the Albion
Club, taking the name of the Thatched House
with him. There, in the new Thatched House
Tavern, the Society was lodged for nearly a score
more years until i8di, when Mr. Willis disposed
of these premises, and the Society was obliged to
move elsewhere. A proposal made in i860 that
a large room should be rented from the Bank of
England in Burlington Street at ^100 a year was
negatived on account of expense. As Mr. Willis was
able to provide at his other premises in King Street,
St. James's, a room suitable for the meetings of the
Dilettanti, their pictures and other effects were there-
fore transported thither. These premises, formerly
famous as c Almack's,' and by this time only less famous
as c Willis's,' continued to be the meeting-place of the
Society,as of so many other of the chief dining societies
and clubs of London, until they were finally closed
in 1 8 8 9. The premises then, through the foreclosure
of a mortgage, passed into the hands of the executors
of Lady Willoughby d'Eresby ; they have since been
reconstructed, and are divided, as readers are aware,
between a new restaurant bearing the old name and
the auction-rooms of Messrs. Robinson and Fisher.

During the first part of what may be called the state oftke
Willis's Rooms period of the Society's history, Soctety-
the management of its affairs remained in the hands
of Sir Edward Ryan (acting Secretary 18 5-9-6 3,
Secretary 1863-75-); during the second part,
1876-88, in those of his successor, Sir W. F.
(known as Sir Frederick) Pollock. Owing to
causes to be mentioned later, the old energetic lead
taken by the Dilettanti in the promotion and publi-
cation of classical researches had by this time to
a great extent passed out of their hands. Neverthe-

194- History of the Society of Dilettanti

less, as will be seen, they were not idle. Socially,
they did not cease to flourish ; and their ranks
continued, as of old, to be recruited from every
section of English cultivated society. They were
also opened for the first time to distinguished
members of the foreign diplomatic body, of whom
the earliest representative was Massimo d'Azeglio,
elected in i%6i.
sir c.t. In 1 8 6 1 the election of Mr. C. T. Newton, already

Newton, since 185-4 a valued correspondent of the Society,
Zef'hton Save new strength to the learned element in its ranks,
&Cm ' and at the same time knitted closer the ties by which
the Dilettanti had long been connected with the
British Museum. For nearly thirty years, until
the complete breakdown of his health, Mr. (after-
wards Sir Charles) Newton filled at the meetings and
in the business of the Society the place naturally due
to his position and attainments. To the founda-
tions laid at Shrewsbury and Christchurch he had
added a unique experience of life and exploration
in the Levant ; and now, since his appointment
as Keeper of the Greek and Roman Antiquities
in* the British Museum, stood as the acknowledged
head of the practical archaeologists, epigraphers,
and antiquarian excavators of Europe. Distinguished
alike as a scholar and a man of the world, and
in looks resembling some rather weather-worn
antique Jupiter from among his own marbles, his
demeanour to strangers was marked by a touch
of suspicious caution and reserve which caused
him sometimes to be misunderstood ; but to his
friends no man bore a warmer heart, and in con-
genial society few had a greater charm, derived
alike from scholarly breeding and a ripe and
humorous experience of men and things. In 18^5-

SIR EDWARD RYAN. K.C.

History of the Society of 'Dilettanti 195-

he gained a powerful ally within the Society by the
election of Mr. Frederic Leighton, afterwards
President of the Royal Academy, who as Lord
Leighton passed away but two years ago, to the
universal sorrow of his countrymen. Leighton's
brilliant artistic and social accomplishments, his
enthusiasm for classical traditions and classical ideals,
made him naturally a leading figure in the councils
and at the board of the Dilettanti, until in his latter
years the constantly increasing pressure of engagements
made his appearances more rare. Occupying the chair
at one of the last of these, at the time when Sir
Charles Newton had just been made K.C.B. on his
retirement from the British Museum, Leighton paid a
characteristic compliment to his old friend by spe-
cially coupling his name (contrary to all regulation
and precedent) with one of the standing toasts of the
Society, « Grecian Taste and Roman Spirit.' Other
members elected during the same period (1860-88)
who were professionally connected with the practice
of art or the direction of art collections were
Mr. James Fergusson, the learned traveller, architect,
and historian of architecture ; Sir F. W. Burton,
Director of the National Gallery, who was appointed
Painter to the Society when Leighton elected to
become its Sculptor ; and Mr. Sidney Colvin.

During the same period there came in, from the Art collec-
ranks of art amateurs and collectors, the late Earl tors and
Somers, the late Earl of Warwick, Mr. Brinsley iaw/jr/J
Marlay, Sir Coutts Lindsay, Mr. Reginald Choi- gentry, &.-.;
mondeley, Mr. George Howard (now Earl of Carlisle), Bar and
Lord Powerscourt, Mr. Stewart Hodgson, and Bench'
Mr. Cyril Flower (now Lord Battersea) ; from those
of country gentry and politicians, Sir Matthew
White Ridley, M.P., father of the present

o 1

196 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Home Secretary, Mr. (now the Right Hon. Sir
Richard) Paget, M.P., Mr. Milnes Gaskell, and
Sir Robert Cunliffe ; from the army, Colonel (now-
General Sir George) Higginson; from diplomacy,
Lord Dalling and Lord Lytton; from the law,
a profession hitherto scantily represented in the
Society's ranks, a strong contingent, including Sir
W. F. Pollock, Sir W. J. Farrer, Mr. George
Venables, QX., Mr. Pember, QX., Mr. Charles
Bowen (afterwards Lord Bowen), Mr. Elton, QJC,
the learned antiquarian and historian of his country's
origins, Sir Robert Collier (afterwards Lord Monks-
well), almost as proficient in landscape-painting as he
was distinguished at the bar and in politics, Sir Horace
Davey (now Lord Davey), and Sir Joseph Chitty.
Pollock, Among this legal group, three at least of those

Venables, who are with us no more must claim from their
survivors among the Dilettanti a special tribute
of remembrance and regret. Sir Frederick Pollock,
who filled for many years the office of Queen's
Remembrancer, was not the least distinguished
of a distinguished family. From Cambridge days
and always an attached, friend of Tennyson, of
Edward Fitzgerald, of James Spedding, and of
W. H. Thompson, late Master of Trinity, he
lived all his life in intimate relations with the
best spirits of his time, and was accustomed to
hear pleasantries of his own — attributed often to
far more famous wits — pass current in familiar
quotation. He was one of the most instructed of
Dante scholars, as his exact blank-verse rendering
of the Divine Comedy testifies, and as editor of the
Reminiscences of Macready and author of Personal
Remembrances has left some interesting impressions of
social experience. From the death of Sir Edward

Bowen.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 197

Ryan in 1875- until a few months before his own
in 1888, Pollock served the Society of Dilettanti
as Secretary, conducting its affairs with tact and
zeal, and keeping up its forms and ceremonials
with the due mixture of solemnity and humour.
Another Cambridge man, of a few years' senior
standing to Pollock, was George Venables, the early
and life-long friend of Thackeray, and reputed
original of the c Stunning Warrington ' of Pendennis.
A first-class classic of the famous year of Lushington
and Thompson, Venables combined with successful
parliamentary practice the industry and versatility
of a brilliant journalist, and was one of the pillars
of the Saturday Review throughout its best days, but
never by acknowledged authorship sought recognition
for his remarkable literary powers. His vigorous vein
of conversation had something of a cynical quality,
which imperfectly disguised the native kindliness of
his heart. These two passed away in the fullness of
age ; while Bowen, a greater lawyer belonging to the
sister University and to a younger generation, went
prematurely, but lives, as the wittiest of the wise
and the kindest of the just, in the affectionate
remembrance of many as well as in the pages of one
of the most judicious of recent biographies. The
Dilettanti have in latter years had among them no
personality more remarkable than his, with his
athletic figure and countenance boyish to the end,
and the serene utterance with which his modest
and humorous, but none the less weighty, oracles
were delivered.

Historical and classical learning were in the same Learning }
days represented respectively by Lord Acton and Pro- the c!vl1
fessor Jebb \ the Civil Service, of which Sir Edward Rw^J
Ryan was himself so distinguished a member, by the Diplomacy.

198 History of the Society of "Dilettanti

Hon. Edward Twistleton (Landor's f kind and accom-

plisht Twisleton '), and later by Sir Reginald Welby

(nowLord Welby), and the Hon. R. H. Meade; politics,

learning, and literature in combination by Sir Mount-

stuart Grant-Duff; travel and botanical andgeographical

science, with a tincture of early political experience,

by Mr. John Ball, F.R.S. The House of Lords sent

for a time two who were destined to be among

the most distinguished of its members, Lord Rosebery

and Lord Lansdowne. The United States were

represented by two successive ambassadors, Mr. J. R.

Lowell and Mr. Phelps, the former also a famous

man of letters : both of these were among the most

constant and welcome attendants of the Society's

meetings, and a letter of farewell from Mr. Lowell

is among the more treasured of its recent archives.

New anti- Turning now to such activities as the Dilettanti

quarian were at this time able to exercise in the antiquarian

^£r///* field, in 1 86 1 an opportunity presented itself for

and the the completion, in fulfilment of the original mten-

Temple of tions of the Society, of the long-looked- for fourth

Teos. volume of Ionian Antiquities. On May 5- of that

year it was proposed by Mr. Cockerell and resolved

1 That a Committee be appointed to inquire & report upon the
practicability of further explorations in the Temples of Teos,
Branchidae and Priene, and that the Committee do consist of
Lord Broughton, Mr. Thomas Baring, Mr. Panizzi, Mr. Cockerell,
Mr. Penrose, and Mr. Lloyd.5

This committee met on June tf, and considered
a proposition from Mr. R. P. Pullan, the architect
who had been sent out by the Government to assist
Mr. Newton at Budrum, to visit and examine the
sites of Teos, Branchidae, and Priene, receiving for
four months' work ^iyo, or for six months' £200.
The committee recommended and the Society re-

History of the Society of "Dilettanti 199

solved that £*jo should be advanced to Mr. Pullan
for this purpose, and that instructions should be
drawn up for his guidance. The committee reported
the instructions prepared by them in February, 1862;
and extracts from letters addressed to Mr. Lloyd by
Mr. Pullan were read at the next meeting, when
£200 were advanced for his six months' work.
Mr. Pullan had arrived in Smyrna in August, 1861,
and had visited the ancient sites of the Smintheum
in the Troad, Assos, Ephesus, Priene, Magnesia ad
Maeandrum, Heraclea, and other cities. It was then
decided that Mr. Pullan should be authorized to
explore the temple of Bacchus at Teos at a cost
not exceeding .£yoo. A report of these explora-
tions was presented to the Society at their meeting
on February 8, 1863, when it was resolved

c That Mr. Lloyd & Mr. Penrose be requested to report upon
the proposal of Mr. Pullan to prepare exact reductions & drawings
requisite for illustration of the discoveries on the scale of the
Society's previous publications and suitable for engraving, together
with whatever notes may be thought desirable to accompany the
same, and to state which would be the best mode of publishing
the same and what would be the cost thereof/

On February 7, 1864, a portfolio of Mr. Pullan's
drawings was placed upon the table. On the same
date Mr. Lloyd states that in his opinion the result of
the enterprise has been most satisfactory, inasmuch
as it amounts to the recovery of a fine Greek design
that was celebrated in antiquity, and proves to be
both beautiful and original, and that it must take
its place when published in all illustrations of the
History and Theory of Greek Architecture. Mr.
Pullan also brought home two fragments of the
sculptured frieze and an inscribed stele, which were
afterwards presented by the Society to the British
Museum. Thanks were returned to Mr. Crampton,

xoo History of the Society of Dilettanti

the constructor of the Smyrna railway, and to Vice-
Consul Bruce for assistance given during these
excavations. In 1864 Mr. Pullan's candidature for
the post of Vice-Consul near Smyrna was supported
by an acknowledgement of his services to the Society
of Dilettanti.
The On May tf, 1 8tftf, it was moved by Lord Houghton

Smintheum. ancj seconded by Sir Charles Nicholson

c That Mr. Pullan be invited to dine with the Society at the
meeting in June, for the purpose of communicating with them on
the proposed excavations of the Temples of Apollo Smintheus and
of Minerva at Priene ' —

on which an amendment was moved, and carried

by nine to three, that

c It is contrary to the custom of this Society to invite Strangers
to dinner V

The services of Mr. Pullan were, however, again
employed by the Society, and he was dispatched
to Asia Minor, the Foreign Office being requested
to obtain firmans and to assist Mr. Pullan in his
work. £s00 was Paid to Mr. Pullan for his work
in excavating the temple of Apollo Smintheus in
the Troad; and in March, 1 868, he was authorized
to prepare drawings similar in scale and style to
those already prepared before by him of the temple
at Teos. In the report on their proceedings, the
Publication Committee stated that though, in conse-
quence of the great destruction of the marbles of the
Smintheum, the data for its restoration are not so
exact or so complete as the evidence obtained by
Mr. Pullan on the site of the temple at Teos, still the
results of his researches in the Troad are a valuable
contribution to the History of Greek Architecture.
Temple of As the materials collected at Teos and the Smin-

Priene.

1 But see page 6j as to the admission of J. Russell, R.A.

History of the Society of Dilettanti xoi

theum did not seem sufficient to compose a volume on
a scale with the previous publications of the Society,
on May 3, 1868, a further proposal was made with
regard to a renewed examination of the temple of
Athene Polias at Priene, Mr. Pullan being present
at the meeting. It was shown that the temple
had not been thoroughly investigated by the earlier
missions sent out by the Society. After some dis-
cussion at this and the next meetings, the Society
adopted the report of the Committee —

c That the Secretary was authorized to accept Mr. Pullan's offer
of making a complete Survey 6c of carrying out the Excavations
at Priene on the same system as was adopted at Teos, within
a year from the present date and for the sum of ^500/

This work was completed in the spring of 1869,
and was assisted by a donation of ^200 from an
anonymous lover of Art. On Mr. Pullan's return
he was requested to prepare drawings similar to
those made for the temple at Teos and the Smin-
theum. The Society were also, through Mr. Pullan's
agency, enabled to obtain a number of marbles and
inscriptions from Priene, which were safely conveyed
to England, and in March, 1870, presented by the
Society to the British Museum. From a report
made by Mr. Clarke of Sokoi, who visited the ruins
at Priene and had assisted Mr. Pullan throughout,
great destruction took place at the temple after
Mr. Pullan's departure, so that the removal of these
marbles may be credited to the Society of Dilettanti.

In May, 1870, the Publication Committee, which c Ionian
then consisted of Earl Somers, Lord Houghton, Antiquities ty
Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, Mr. Penrose, Mr. Cartwright, v0'lv-
Mr. Frederic Leighton, R.A., and Mr. C. T. Newton,
carefully considered the drawings made by Mr.
Pullan, and other details, and finally recommended

lox History of the Society of Dilettanti

their publication in a style worthy of the earlier
volumes of the Ionian Antiquities. Mr. Leighton
further offered to redraw the sculpture or some of
the friezes, and Lord Somers to prepare the land-
scape illustrations. Considerable difficulties, however,
presented themselves to the Society. They had
expended nearly all their available funds on Mr.
Pullan's missions, so that the ordinary funds of the
Society were insufficient to defray the cost of
publication. An extra subscription, such as the
former Ionian subscriptions, was unpalatable to
the members, and likely to prove injurious to the
Society's vitality. The state of the engravers' pro-
fession in England at this date rendered it difficult
to find artists as excellent, laborious, and accurate
in their work as those who had been engaged on
the previous publications of the Society. Such
work was only to be obtained in France, and the
convulsions in that country, ensuing on the outbreak
of the Franco-German War in 1870, rendered it
impossible to place any work with security for
execution in Paris, where alone at that date could
engravers be found on whom reliance could be
placed for accurate and intelligent work.
Time and In July, 1 8 74, the Publication Committee presented
mode of a report, in which thev estimated the cost of pro-
ducmg one hundred copies of a volume, equal in
bulk to the first volume of the Ionian Antiquities,
at £810. It was not found possible, however, to
raise the necessary funds, so on April 4, 1875-, a.
special minute was drawn up, printed and circulated
among the members, calling their attention to the
danger of abandoning the publication in question,
after expending nearly £2,000 in obtaining the
drawings and letterpress. A special subscription was

History of the Society of Dilettanti 203

therefore invited, and Sir Frederic Leighton was
unremitting in his efforts to secure the execution of
the work of engraving and publication in a manner
consonant with the honour and dignity of the
Society, and at the same time at the most reasonable
expense. Sufficient response was made to this appeal
to enable the work in question to be put in hand, and
on February 1, 1877, it was announced that the work
had been entrusted to M. le Chevalier Chevignard
of Paris, and had actually been commenced. In
April, 1879, tne Publication Committee, represented
by Mr. James Fergusson, Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, Mr.
Knight Watson, Mr. Penrose, and Sir Frederick
Pollock, reported to the Society that the whole of
the artistic work had been brought to completion in
Paris, the plates having been engraved by M. Pennei
under the superintendence of M. le Chevalier Chevi-
gnard, and that the letterpress alone remained for
completion. Over /tfoo had been subscribed by
members of the Society, but a further sum was
needed. In February, 1880, the Committee reported
great progress with the completion of the letterpress,
and that negotiations had been commenced with
Messrs. Macmillan & Co., who were willing to
undertake the publication of the work. On June
28, 188 1, the Committee were enabled to announce
that the work had been completed and arrangements
made for its publication. The final expenses were
assisted by a generous gift from Mr. Ruskin, and
by the sale of the remaining stock of the Society's
previous publications. Each member received a
copy gratis, and each of the thirty subscribers to
the special fund a second copy, if applied for ;
additional copies were to be supplied to future
members at two guineas, and the price to the

104- History of the Society of Dilettanti

"Penrose's
' Athenian
Architec-
ture? nevj
edition.

general public through Messrs. Macmillan & Co.
to be three and a half guineas. Copies were
presented to the Royal Institution, in whose rooms
the Publication Committee had been allowed to
meet, the Institut des Beaux Arts at Paris, the
French and German Schools of Archaeology at
Athens, the Istituto di Corrispondenza Archeologica
at Rome, and the Department of Antiquities in the
British Museum. Also to Mr. Ruskin, Baron Heath
the younger, M. le Chevalier Chevignard, Mr. Clarke
of Sokoi near Smyrna (who had presented ,to the
Society a valuable coin of Orofernes, King of
Cappadocia, found on the site at Priene), to Mr.
Falkener, architect, who had prepared a careful
plan of the site of the temple at Priene, to Mr.
Pullan, and to M. Waddington of Paris.

In June, 1883, it was proposed to reprint Mr.
Penrose's treatise on The Principles of Athenian
Architecture^ and Mr. Penrose undertook to revisit
Athens in order to obtain fresh material. In
addition to the new Theory of Proportion advanced
by Mr. Watkiss Lloyd and adopted by Mr. Penrose,
successive visits of Mr. Penrose to Athens produced
so much fresh material for the revision of the work
that it was not until May, 1887, that the Publication
Committee were in a position to report to the Society
that Messrs. Macmillan had the material in hand for
publication, and to invite fresh special subscriptions
to defray the expense of the work. This was
readily responded to, and Mr. Penrose was able
to lay a specimen copy of the new edition of his
work on the table at the meeting of the Society on
July 1, 1888, although it was some time before the
Society's account with Messrs. Macmillan for the
expenses of publication could be defrayed.

History of the Society of Dilettanti 205-

While engaged on the two publications in question, Appeals
the Society found it impossible to respond to various from.
appeals made to their generosity in furtherance of 9tmi9rf.
schemes in which they took a deep and genuine Temple of
interest. One of these, which seriously engaged Ephesusi
the attention of the Society, was the important and ?jK!
valuable series of excavations carried out by Mr. Athens.
J. Turtle Wood on the site of the temple of Diana
at Ephesus in 1869-72. In the latter year the Pub-
lication Committee circulated a report on this subject,
but in view of the limited resources of the Society
they were unable to do more than address a memorial
to Her Majesty's Government in favour of a further
resumption and support of Mr. Wood's work.
Another important scheme, the origin of which
may fairly be attributed to the past influence of
the work done by the Society of Dilettanti, was
the establishment of the British School of Archaeo-
logy at Athens in 1883. On July 1 of that year
the Secretary reported that he had been invited
to attend the meeting held at Marlborough House,
under the Presidency of the Prince of Wales, on
June 2J-, to promote the establishment of a British
School of Art and Archaeology at Athens, and it
was resolved

'That the Society cordially welcomes the announcement of
a scheme for a permanent institution on the soil of Greece for
the promotion of objects so entirely in harmony with the best
work and traditions of the Dilettanti Society.'

In June, 1885", in response to an appeal from the
British School at Athens for the assistance of the
Dilettanti Society, the Society was compelled to
resolve

c That the Secretary be desired to express, in reply, the deep
interest taken by the members of the Dilettanti Society in the
success of the new institution of the British School of Archaeology

zo6 History of the Society of "Dilettanti

at Athens, in promoting the same objects as those for which the
Dilettanti Society has so long been at work, and their regret,
that for the present they are unable to undertake to offer any
pecuniary support, the funds at their disposal being required for
the preparation of the new edition of Mr. Penrose's Athenian
Architecture^ upon which the Society is now engaged.'

changes and The new edition, therefore, of Mr. Penrose's work
removals remains the last work which, in this id 3rd year of
the Society's existence, it has been able to carry
through. The years succeeding its publication have
been years of unsettlement and change, both in
regard to the officers having charge of the Society's
affairs and to the places appointed for its meeting.
In the spring of 1888 Sir Frederick Pollock was
disabled by ill health, and died about Christmas
in the same year; Mr. Watkiss Lloyd officiating
temporarily as Secretary and Treasurer in his place
until March, 1889, when tne Earl of Strafford was
formally elected to those offices. Resigning in
February, 1891, Lord Strafford was succeeded by
Mr. Sidney Colvin, who held the double office alone
until March, 1893, and afterwards in conjunction with
Mr. E. H. Pember, Q^C ., until February, 1 8 96 ; when
Mr. Colvin resigned, and Lord Welby was appointed
joint Secretary and Treasurer with Mr. Pember. At
the beginning of these changes, in 1889, the well-
known establishment known as c Willis's Rooms'
was closed, the building soon afterwards changing
ownership, as above narrated ; and the Dilettanti
were obliged to look for quarters elsewhere. In
February, 1 8 9 o, their meeting was held at Limmers'
Hotel, and subsequently for upwards of three
years they met at the Grand Hotel. Various
places of meeting were suggested, Sir Charles Newton
generously offering the use of his house in Montague
Place, Bloomsbury. The pictures belonging to the

History of the Society of "Dilettanti 207

Society were, with the exception of the two great
groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds, deposited under the
care of one of the members, Sir William J. Farrer,
at 66 Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C. At last the erection
of the new Grafton Galleries in Grafton Street,
Bond Street, afforded the Dilettanti exactly the home
which they required, a large banqueting-room, con-
venient both for their meetings and the display of
their pictures, having been constructed in that
building. It was unanimously decided to make of
this their new home, and all the portraits belonging
to the Society were hung there, including the two
groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds ; a special vote of
thanks being passed to the trustees of the National
Gallery for the care which they had taken of
them.

Meanwhile the flow of new members has continued New
as usual. In 1889 was elected M. Waddington, "■*»«
the Ambassador of France, who had been a Rugby
and Cambridge scholar before he elected to adopt
the French nationality, and was in later life a master
of archaeological and numismatic science ; as well as
Lord Savile, an English diplomatist who revived
the traditions of the eighteenth century by his love
of art and antiquities, and his prosecution of
excavations on Italian soil. In the same and the
next following years the public service sent Mr.
Spencer Walpole, Sir Ralph Thompson, Sir Nigel
Kingscote, Sir Colin Scott Moncrietf", Sir Charles
Fremantle, and Lord Loch ; the British Museum
furnished two new representatives in the persons of
its chief, Sir E. M. Thompson, and one of its family
trustees, Mr. George Cavendish Bentinck ; the Bench
and Bar contributed Sir Francis Jeune, Mr. Under-
down, Q£., and Mr. Darling, Q^C., now Judge ; the

io8 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Discussions
and resolu-
tions.

Retrospect-,
changed

Army, Sir Francis Grenfell ; the Navy, Sir Anthony
Hoskins ; the House of Commons, Sir Stafford
Northcote; Sir F. W. Burton was succeeded as
Painter to the Society by Sir E. J. Poynter, P.R.A.,
and from the ranks of amateur artists and art-lovers
came Mr. Heseltine and Mr. Arthur Lucas ; while
airs from the Alps, the Caucasus, and the Himalayas
were brought by two distinguished mountaineers
and explorers who are also lovers and students
of art, Sir Martin Conway and Mr. Douglas Fresh-
field.

The state of their income and the uncertainty of
their future have prevented the Dilettanti during
these last years from doing any active work. In
July, 1 89 1, a proposal was made to raise a fund to
aid the work of archaeological research at Salamis,
in the island of Cyprus, but without success.
In May, 1 891, Mr. Penrose reported to the Society
the result of further investigations made by him at
Athens, especially in regard to the ancient Heca-
tompedon; and in 1896 the Society displayed a proper
solicitude as to the effect of a somewhat alarming
earthquake at Athens. In 1894 the Dilettanti took
a prominent part in opposing the scheme for
effecting the barrage of the river Nile at Philae.
In the same year the Secretary was instructed, in
the name of the Society, to sign the memorial to
the Government of India on behalf of the better
preservation of the ancient buildings and historic
monuments of India. In June, 1895-, the Society
added what support they could to a renewed
appeal, destined this time to be successful, for State
assistance to the British School at Athens.

Such has been the past history of the Society of
Dilettanti, and such is its present position. In any

History of the Society of Dilettanti 209

speculations as to its future, regard must be had to conditions of
the greatly changed conditions under which the archaeol°gi-
work of archaeological research is now carried on, ea y'
as compared with those which prevailed in the days
when the Dilettanti were its first pioneers. Foreign
nations, especially the German, in course of time
took up the cause of classical archaeology, and
carried on the scientific and speculative parts of
the pursuit, if not its practical and exploratory
parts, with more system and more enthusiasm than
the English. Partly the posthumous fame of
Winckelmann (who died in 1768), partly the
attractions of the Eternal City itself, together
with its importance as a diplomatic centre, caused
Rome to become the seat of a learned and culti-
vated cosmopolitan society, the members of which
devoted themselves enthusiastically to the revival of
the classic past in the light of antiquarian research.
This state of things continued through the last
quarter of the past and during a great part of the
present century. Winckelmann's immediate suc-
cessors, and the continuators of his work at Rome,
were the Italian Ennio Quirino Visconti and the
Dane Zoega, soon after whose death appeared
another Dane, the afore-mentioned Chevalier Brond-
sted. From among the group who in 1811-12,
with the young Cockerell in their company, ex-
plored the temples of Aegina and Bassae — Stackel-
berg, Haller, and Kestner — several took up their
residence for some time at Rome, and the last
named for many years held there the diplomatic
post of Hanoverian representative. The kingdom
of Prussia was represented at the Vatican by three
great scholars and historians successively, Wilhelm
von Humboldt, Niebuhr, and Bunsen, and about

no History of the Society of "Dilettanti

these the learned men of their country gathered.
Welcker, Gerhard, and Panofka were among the
more famous German scholars the greater part of
whose life-work was done at Rome. At the same
time the illustrious Bockh was strenuously con-
tending on behalf of a comprehensive or encyclo-
paedic method in the study of the classic past,
which should give the researches of the archaeologist
and the epigrapher their place beside those of the
literary critic, the philologist, and the historian.
The result of his teaching was shown in the con-
ception of classical learning formed by such men
as Carl Otfried Muller — cut off too soon in the
first ardour of his researches on Greek soil — and
a whole generation of scholars of similar aim
and breadth of grasp. In the second and third
quarters of the present century Graeco-Roman
archaeology and art history had become recognized
and vital branches of teaching in all the great
Universities of Germany. Notwithstanding the
fruitful initiative of the English Dilettanti, and
the acknowledged success of their practical ex-
plorations and publications, no such recognition
was for many years obtained for those studies in
England. With very rare exceptions, such as
that of Rose in the early and Donaldson in the
middle years of the century, the attention of our
great University scholars was for the most part
rigidly confined to literary materials, and to textual
and philological criticism. While every German
University of note had its active and often brilliant
school or classical archaeology, the subject was to
all intents and purposes ignored in the curriculum
and the class-lists at Oxford and Cambridge. The
only academical recognition which it obtained was

■*\

History of the Society of "Dilettanti xn

the foundation, in 185-1, of a meagrely paid chair
of general archaeology at Cambridge through the
gift of Mr. Disney.

Throughout this period — say roughly 18 30-1 880 Decline of
— the Dilettanti and the British Museum were the clasfica}

. ... i-i 11 1 1 1 enthusiasm

only two institutions which practically kept the study in England.
alive in this country ; and even among the former the
old zeal had to a great extent abated. The fashion
of forming private cabinets of antiques in town or
country houses had, as already noted, passed away,
and those collectors who from time to time joined
the ranks of the Society were almost exclusively
collectors of pictures. A wave, moreover, of Gothic
enthusiasm had succeeded the preceding wave of
classical enthusiasm among the most cultivated circles
in England. The influence of Pugin and his
followers, the influence of Ruskin and the Prae-
Raphaelites, told against the taste for Greek and
Roman art. Again, among persons really interested
in antiquarian explorations, the brilliant discoveries
of Sir Henry Layard and his coadjutors on the sites
of the ancient Assyrian civilization served for a while
to divert attention from Greece and Rome. Amidst
this general indifference of academic and cultivated
circles, the few Englishmen who kept the torch of
classical archaeology alight felt themselves for many
years to be working in isolation and with scant
encouragement. Such work as the Dilettanti, cor-
porately or in the person of individual members,
succeeded amid this general indifference in doing
for the cause, under the regime of Hamilton,
Ryan, and Pollock, has been above narrated.

Meantime the exertions of Bunsen, Gerhard, The
Kestner, and their friends and fellow-enthusiasts of ^rcbaeo-
various nationalities at Rome, had succeeded in 0&ca

P z

xix History of the Society of 'Dilettanti

Institute of
Rome ;
various
foreign
schools at
Athens.

Revival of
the study in
England,
but in
another
shape.

founding and maintaining the famous Archaeological
Institute in that city. Since 1839, tne Year °^ lt$
foundation, that institute has remained the chief
centre for the study and publication of the monu-
ments of the classier past. It has had fluctuating
fortunes, first as a cosmopolitan society supported
entirely by the subscriptions of its members, then
for a considerable period assisted by a subvention
from the Prussian Government, and lastly, since the
war of 1 870-7 1, as a German imperial establishment ;
and has supplied training and opportunity of study
to generations of European scholars. Other schools
of classical study have since been founded on the
soil of Greece itself: the French school of Athens in
1 847 — those of other countries much more recently ;
the German, as a branch of the Archaeological
Institute, soon after the Franco-German War ; then
the American ; and last of all, through private effort
powerfully supported by the Prince of Wales, the
English.

For it happened about twenty to fifteen years ago,
in the early eighties, that a change came over the
spirit of English academical scholarship. Partly
from a growing knowledge of the value of the work
done by continental and especially German archae-
ologists, partly through the efforts and the example
of individual scholars, among whom Newton stood
far the foremost, the claims of classical archaeology
and the history of art to their place among the other
classical disciplines began at last to be adequately
recognized in this country. The admission of the
study among the several branches of the highest
classical honour examination at Cambridge; the
establishment at the same University of an adequate
museum of casts and an archaeological library,

History of the Society of Dilettanti 213

followed by a similar provision on a more ex-
tended scale at Oxford j the foundation of pro-
fessorships or readerships in the study at both
Universities ; the formation and prosperity of the
Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies ;
and finally the establishment by private effort and
initiative of an English school at Athens ; — all
these have been the signs and evidences of that
change of spirit to which we have referred. At
the opening of the Cambridge Museum of Classical
Archaeology in 1884, Sir Charles Newton, whose
career had been to some extent clouded by his sense
of isolation among the English scholars of his own race
and generation, uttered in welcome of such evidences
a touching Nunc Dlmittis^ which those who heard it
are not likely to have forgotten. The consequence
is that the study of classical art and antiquity at this
moment stands in one sense in a more flourishing
position in this country than it has ever occupied
before. But the new phase upon which the study
has now entered is essentially different from that
through which it was passing in the days when the
Dilettanti took the chief part in promoting it.
Classical art and antiquities were then a matter of
more or less amateur interest to every leisured and
cultivated gentleman. Now they are so no longer,
but have become, on the other hand, a matter of
special study and research to a not inconsiderable
number of well-trained scholars, both men and
women. The new societies and institutions for
classical research, whether continental or English,
have each their separate journal or organ of
publication, in which the progress of work and
discovery is recorded in a constantly increasing
number of special essays and memoirs, and illustrated

xi4 History of the Society of Dilettanti

at relatively small expense by one or other of the
various modern means of mechanical reproduction.
At the same time greater and more varied resources
are forthcoming than ever before for the work of
excavation and discovery. The German Government
with its great undertaking at Olympia, the French
with theirs at Delos and at Delphi, the Archaeo-
logical Society of Athens with its fruitful industry
in the city and neighbourhood, the American school,
and lastly our own school, which is the youngest
of all, and whose resources have most need of rein-
forcement, have all been diligently at work on Greek
soil j the foreign institutions disinterestedly so far as
concerns the acquisition of the objects found, since
export is forbidden by the new laws both of Greece
and Turkey, but with none the less gain to know-
ledge.
Part taken, Under these circumstances and amidst these
orto be , altered conditions, it is hardly to be supposed that
Dilettanti. * tne Society of Dilettanti can maintain or assume
again its old lead along its old lines. Our narrative
has shown, indeed, that the progress of all these
changes has by no means found it idle or left it in
the cold. When the Archaeological Institute was
founded on cosmopolitan principles at Rome, the
secretary of its English section was W. R. Hamilton,
the Secretary also of the Dilettanti Society. When,
nearly half a century later, a British school was at last
established afc Athens, the initiative was largely
due to a famous scholar who is also a member of
the Dilettanti, Professor Jebb ; moreover, the first
director fbi the school was found in the person of
the father of the Dilettanti, Mr. Penrose. The good
work done by' the Society for so many years was
amply acknowledged by one of the leaders of

History of the Society of Dilettanti 215-

classical archaeology in Germany, Professor Michaelis
of Strassburg, in the monumental volume on English
private collections of antiques which he published
in 1 8 8 2 1. In that volume, as well as in a series
of separate papers2, Professor Michaelis told as
much of the history of the Dilettanti as could be
gathered from the historical evidences and notices
of its activity without access to its private archives.

At the present juncture of the Society's history, it conclusion.
has seemed to the members desirable that a fuller
record of its past, alike from the social and personal
and from the antiquarian and working points of
view, should be drawn up from these archives, for
the information primarily of members, and in the
second place of so many of the general public as may
be found to take an interest in the subject. The
present narrative is the result of this decision. Let
it close with the ancient toast of the Society — esto
praeclara, esto perpetua : an aspiration which will
probably be fulfilled or otherwise in proportion
as the Society may find a way, under the altered
conditions above described, to persevere in pursuit
of the ideals expressed in two other of its traditional
mottoes, seria ludo and Grecian taste and roman
spirit.

1 Ancient Marbles in Great Britain^ described by Adolf Michaelis.
Translated from the German by C. A. M. Fennel], M.A. Cam-
bridge : University Press, 1882.

2 Zeitschrift fur bildende Kun ft y vol. xiv.

CHAPTER IX

Portraits of members: George Kjiapton — Institution of
face-money — Kjiaptorts resignation — J. Stuart as
Painter to the Society — Stuart superseded in favour
of Reynolds — The two great portrait -groups —
Nathaniel Dance — Various resolutions as to portraits
— Death of Reynolds j Lawrence chosen successor —
Motion as to portrait of Sir J. Banks — The
'Reynolds groups: steps for their preservation —
The groups engraved in mezzotint — Portrait of
Payne tonight — Lawrence on the question of fresh
portrait-groups — Portraits and face-money: various
orders — Portraits of Lord Dundas and Benjamin West
— Lawrence succeeded by Shee — Portrait of Morritt
— Inquiries into state of pictures — Shee succeeded
by Eastlake — Proposed series of engravings — Ap-
plications for loan of pictures: Manchester, South
Kensington, National Gallery y&c. — Eastlake succeeded
by Leighton — Portraits of Lord Broughton and Sir
Edward J^yan — Successive Painters to the Society:
Sir F. W. Burton and Sir Edward Poynter —
Further loans of pictures — Last portraits: Mr. Watkiss
Lloyd, Lord Leigh ton, Mr. Sidney Colvin.

Portraits of *|^ T O history of the Society of Dilettanti would
members : X^ foQ complete without some descriptive notice
Knapton. ^ of the interesting collection which it pos-

sesses of portraits of members from its foundation
to the present day. On January 4, 174I, it was
ordered (as already quoted, p. 64.)

' That every member of the Society do make a present of his
Picture in Oil Colours drawn by Mr. Geo. Knapton, a member, to
be hung up in the Room where the said Society meets.'

History of the Society of Dilettanti W]

Mr. Knapton, a painter both in oils and crayons of
some merit, is best known to posterity through his
part in preparing, from various sources, the drawings
from which Houbraken produced the famous series
of engravings published in Birch's British Worthies.
In early life he had resided for some time in
Italy, whence he sent home an account of the then
newly discovered remains of Herculaneum. He was
an original member of the Dilettanti, and was
appointed Painter to the Society. The order above
quoted was at once responded to by some of the
original members. It is in accordance with a taste
in portraiture common in the previous generation,
and not yet extinct at the date of this order — it
is also in keeping with the festive and jocose nature
of the Society's proceedings — that the early por-
traits of its members are all in fancy dress, with
accessories of a more or less emblematical character.
In 1 74 1 Knapton painted the portraits of Sir
James Gray, the Earl of Middlesex, Mr. Howe, and
Lord Hyde. These gentlemen are, as all those
painted by Knapton in this series, shown in life size
to the waist. Sir James Gray is represented as
Don Quixote de la Mancha j Middlesex as a Roman
consul returning from a campaign ; Mr. Howe,
perhaps as a magician, pours wine from a vessel
shaped as a terrestrial globe ; Lord Hyde holds
a large glass inscribed res publica. In 1742
Knapton painted Sir Francis Dashwood, Mr. Harris,
and Sir Brownlow Sherard. Dashwood is repre-
sented as one of the sham Franciscan friars of
Medmenham Abbey, holding a goblet inscribed
matri sanctorum, in an attitude of devotion before
a figure of the Venus de' Medici ; the picture, the
motive of which is both indecorous and profane, is

xi8 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Institution
of face-
money.

inscribed san Francesco de wycombo. A somewhat
similar portrait of Dash wood has been engraved
as from a painting by Hogarth. Mr. Harris, the
first Treasurer of the Society, holds in his hands the
first list of subscriptions towards erecting or pro-
curing a house for the more honourable and
commodious reception of the Society, signed Thomas
Watson, President, with the names of the subscribers
and the date Anno-Non. Soc. March 7,1741. Sir Brown-
low Sherard, in a green gown and grey cloak, has
no very defined accessories. In 1743 Knapton's
series was continued by the portraits of Mr.
Ponsonby, Mr. Fauquier, Mr. Sewallis Shirley, and
Lord Galway. Mr. Ponsonby (afterwards Earl of
Bessborough) is represented in oriental costume,
to denote his having travelled in the East ; Mr.
Fauquier appears as a musician with an immense
black tie ; Sewallis Shirley holds the lid of a
casket, inscribed et vivatj Lord Galway is repre-
sented as a cardinal. In 1744 followed the por-
traits of Colonel Denny, as a Roman standard-
bearer 5 Major- General Gray, as Secretary to the
Society, writing in the red morocco minute-book on a
page inscribed Soc. Dec. ; Mr. Savage in masquerade
costume; and Sir Bourchier Wrey with a punch-
bowl, on which is the inscription dulce est desipere
in loco. All of these portraits are in kitcat size to
the waist.

On February 3, 174^, it was

'Ordered nemine contradicente that every member of the
Society who has not had his Picture painted by Mr. Knapton,
by the meeting in February next year, shall pay One Guinea
per Annum till his Picture be deliver'd to the Society, unless
Mr. Knapton declares that it was owing to his want of time to
finish the same.'

This annual payment became known as ' face-money,'

History of the Society of "Dilettanti xi9

and soon became a regular annual subscription,
the custom of paying it in lieu of having a por-
trait painted being continued up to the year 1809.
An attempt to abolish the tax as oppressive was made
in 178 1, but failed. Face-money was escaped in
174.5- by Viscount Barrington, Sir John Rawdon
(afterwards Earl of Moira), and the Earl of Sandwich,
who all three sat to Knapton in that year. Bar-
rington appears in classical costume with a dagger
and a spear, Rawdon in furred robe, and Sandwich
in oriental costume, with rapt gaze fixed upon his
wine-glass. In 1747 the Duke of Bedford, who
had twice been mulcted for face-money, was painted
in scarlet uniform with the Order of the Garter ;
and in the same year the Earl of Blessington,
playing a guitar. In 1748 Mr. Brand, who had
paid face-money twice, was painted by Knapton ;
and in 1749 tne ^ar^ °^ Holdernesse, who paid
face-money once, was also painted by Knapton,
appearing as a gondolier, in allusion to his services
as British Envoy to the Signory of Venice. One
portrait, that of Baron Hochberg (or Hohberg),
who was painted by Knapton as a flute-player,
bears no date. Among the earliest members to pay
face-money, whose portraits were never painted, were
Mr. Boyle, Mr. Bristow, Mr. Colebrooke, Mr. Boone,
the Duke of Kingston, Mr. Welbore Ellis, Mr.
Archer, Mr. Norborne Berkeley, Mr. Ross Mackye,
Sir Henry Liddell, and Sir Henry Calthorpe.

On February tf, 1763, it was ordered Knapton' s

c That Mr. Knapton having signified his Resignation of the resknatton-
office of Painter to the Society, the said Resignation be accepted/

Mr. Knapton was then about sixty-five years of age.
At the same time it is recorded that

c A motion being made and the Question being put that James

xio History of the Society of Dilettanti

Stuart Esq. F.R.S., F.S.A., be appointed Painter to the Society
in the room of Mr. Knapton, with the usual Sallary. It passed in
the affirmative nem. con.'

J. stuart as James Stuart, although he had practised as a
Pamter to painter, was better known for his work in the
oaey. £ej^ o£ Greek archaeology, as recorded above in
Chapter IV. On May i, 1763, it was ordered

'That Mr. Dawkins be requested to sit for his Picture to
Mr. Stuart the Painter of the Society at their expense,'

and also that

' Mr. Dawkins be desired to Permit the Picture of his Brother
to be Copy'd by the Painter of the Society.'

These orders were never carried out, for in April,
1766) it was ordered

'That the Secretary be desired to speak to Mr. Stewart the
present Painter of the Society to know if He will undertake to
paint the Portraits of such Members who have not already given
their Pictures to the Society, and to Report his answer at the
next meeting ; and to acquaint Mr. Stewart that if he declines it,
the Society will give leave to the members to present their
Pictures painted by any other Painter, or pay a guinea a year to
the General Fund for the article of Face-Money.'

At the next meeting in May, 17 66,

c Mr. Stewart, the Painter of the Society, being present declared
that He was ready to Paint the Portraits of those members that
chose to sett to him.'

It was also on this date ordered afresh that

c All such Members as have not their Pictures finish'd by the
meeting in Febr. next do pay one guinea to the General Fund
and that they continue to pay the same annualy until they present
the Pictures to the Society,'

and also that

'The Painter of the Society be desired to Paint the pictures
of Mr. Harry Dawkins & to copy the picture of the late Mr.
James Dawkins as ruled in the meeting in May, Ann. Soc. Trigm0.'

History of the Society of Dilettanti xxi

No result was, however, obtained from Mr. Stuart.
Either he could not, or would not, paint the portraits
in question, or the members would not sit to him, for
on December 7, 1766, it was ordered

c That the names of those Members who have been already
painted be wrote on their Respective Pictures to be referred to
the Committee/

On January 17, 1768, it was ordered

£ That the officient Secretary do write the following Letter to
Mr. Stewart, Painter to the Society : —

' S*, at the next meeting of the Society viz*. 7th Feb*, when
the Tax is to be paid by the Members, whose pictures have not
been painted, You are desired by the Society to give an account
by letter of the pictures of the two Mr. Dawkins's of which you
was ordered to paint in May 1763, as yet painted, with any very
forwardness, in order that the Members may judge whether they
shall sett to you or any other Painter for their Pictures.'

Nothing, however, in the way of portraits could be stuart super-
extracted from Stuart, so on his declining to comply seded in
with the demand of the Society, they in March, f"vour°f
1769, declared Mr. (afterwards Sir Joshua) Reynolds
to be Painter to the Society. The Society, however,
tried to get Stuart at least to paint his own por-
trait, for in December, 1776, it was ordered

c Mr. Stewart to pay the forfeit if he does not present his Picture
to the Society before this day six months/

The portrait was, however, never painted. Rey-
nolds was proposed by Lord Charlemont, and elected
a member of the Society in May, 1766. There
is no record of his having paid face-money, so
that it is very probable that he presented his own
portrait on becoming a member of the Society, as the
portrait is dated in that year.

In January, 1777, Lord Carmarthen, Lord Sea- The two
forth, Mr. G. Pitt, and Mr. Banks great por-

trait-groups.
c Agreed to set for their Pictures to Sir Jos. Reynolds for the

xxx History of the Society of Dilettanti

Dilettanti Soc. either separately or in a group, the size to be at
Sir Jos. Reynolds' option/

There is no record in the minute-books of the
Society of the decision come to by the painter to
paint the members of the Society, who were willing
to sit, in two groups, the next mention being in
December, 1778, when it was ordered

c That the Secretary do write to the Painter of the Society to
attend the next meeting to shew cause why he should not be
punish'd for having neglected so long to finish the two groups
which he undertook to do and several members to suffer to be done/

In the account-books of Sir Joshua Reynolds for
this period the names occur as sitters of the various
persons represented in the two groups, and the
pictures were completed in 1779. On January 26,
178 3, it was recorded that

cThe Sec. having produced a Bill delivered to him by the
executors of Mr. Vials deceased for Frames of the Groups painted
by Sr Joshua Reynolds & presented to this Soc. amounting to
£<\n. 2s od. Resolved that as no instance occurs in the Records of
the Dill. Soc. of their paying for Frames of Pictures presented to
them the gentlemen subjects of the said groups do pay for the
Frames & that the executors of the said Mr. Thos. Vials be
referred to Sr Joshua Reynolds Painter to the Soc. by whose order
the Frames was made, whose duty it is to collect the requisite
money for the said gentlemen & pay it to them, etc. etc.1 '

1 The bill in question is interesting and is as follows : —
The Hon. Gentlemen of the Dilettanti Society's Bill to the
Executors of the Late Mr. Viall, Carver.

1780, March 12 — To two large (bold) burnished gold
frames, carved with antique eggs, ribbon and
water leaf outside, with a scrolling fluted frett,
rich ornament tops, with shield and palm
branches, for pictures painted by Sir Joshua

Reynolds 4.2

To self and three men to fix up the two pictures
over the chimnies . ....

£ t. J.

£42 8 o

Group of Members of
THE SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI, 1779

History of the Society of Dilettanti xxg

These two well-known groups are among the most
remarkable works of England's great portrait-
painter, being characterized not only by skilful
grouping, but by the most vivacious and character-
istic portraiture. In each group seven members of
the Dilettanti are represented seated at the festive
board, and to the joviality of the scene are added
the distinctive signs of connoisseurship in virtu.
In one group the members represented are Sir
Watkin Williams-Wynn, Bart., Mr. Smyth of
Heath (elected in 177 s\ Sir John Taylor, Bart., Mr.
W. Spencer-Stanhope, Mr. Stephen Payne-Gallwey,
Mr. Richard Thompson (elected in 1776), and
Sir William Hamilton, K.B. (elected in 1777). Sir
William Hamilton is seated at the table with a
Greek vase and open volume, and the others are
grouped round him drinking wine. In the other
group appear the Earl of Seaforth (elected in 1741),
Mr. Crowle and Mr. Thomas Dundas (elected in 1 764),
Sir Joseph Banks, the Marquess of Carmarthen, the
Hon. Charles Greville, and Lord Mulgrave (all elected
in 1774 or tne following year). The charge to each
of these gentlemen was £3 ? each, as appears from an
application made in January, 1790, by Mr. Thomas
Grenville, on behalf of Lady Wynn, for leave to have
a copy made of the portrait of the late Sir Watkin
Williams-Wynn in the group, which was granted,
but the painter was ordered not to remove the
group till he was ready to begin his copy, or
keep it after the copy was finished, because it
cost 245- guineas. On March 2, 1777, it was
ordered

'That the Portraits belonging to the Society be cleaned and the
Frames new gilt, and that Sr J. Reynolds be desired to appoint
a proper Person or Persons to do the same.'

224 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Nathaniel
Dance.

Various
resolutions
as to por-
traits.

In February, 1777, Mr. Nathaniel Dance, R.A.
(afterwards Sir N. Dance-Holland, Bart.), was elected
a member. It has rarely been the custom of the
Society to elect more than one professional painter
as a member, but Mr. Dance had in 1776 retired
from professional life on inheriting a fortune. In
March, 1777, it was ordered

c That Mr. Dance have permission to present the Society with
his own Picture painted by Himself, Sir J. Reynolds Painter to the
Society having waved His right to paint the same.'

On May 2, 1782,

cMr. Dance, who was elected in Feb. 1777, having asked
a further indulgence in regard to his Picture the Soc. ordered that
he be excused the payment of his face-money till the first meeting
of the next year when if he does not deliver it to the Soc. the
utmost rigor of the law is to be inflicted upon him.'

The portrait was, however, not completed at the
time of Dance's abdication in 1784.

It was some years before another portrait was
added to the collection, although attempts were
made to obtain more portraits by Sir Joshua
Reynolds. In March, 1785-, the Society agreed

' To return to Lord Wentworth the guinea, which he has this
day paid as face -money, provided he does before the next call
present to them his Lordship's picture painted by one of the liege
painters of the Society.'

The portrait was never received. In May, 1 7 8 7, it
was ordered

'That no picture be in future removed fiom the meeting-room
of the Society without an order First obtained by the vote of
a regular Meeting thereof, and that the Painter of the Society be
required to repair the Damages the Group of his Painting has
suffered in consequence of being removed from thence by his order
signified in writing to Mr. Hunt, and entrusted into the possession
of an engraver, & that a copy of this order be sent to the Painter.'

In March, 1788, the Duke of Norfolk gave notice

History of the Society of Dilettanti zzy

that he intended to be painted for the Society in
a group j Mr. Knight and Mr. Townley volunteered
to accompany his Grace. All agreed that the
numbers admitted should not exceed five. The
group, however, was never accomplished, so busy
a painter as Sir Joshua Reynolds having probably
no longer any time to spare for a work on this scale.

Sir Joshua Reynolds, President of the Royal Death of
Academy, died in 1792. On April 1 it is recorded Reynolds;

*V-* La<wrence

that chosen

cMr. Lawrence Proposed by Mr. Knight & seconded by Sr Jos. successor.
Banks as Painter to the Society in the Room of our worthy
member Deceased Sr Joshua Reynolds was put to the BalJot &
elected unanimously.

'Mr. Lawrence Painter to the Society was then Proposed as
a member thereof by Mr. Knight & seconded by the Duke of
Norfolk— Elected/

In April, 1793, a motion was made and seconded Motion as to

' That the Sec. do set for his Picture for & at the expense of portrait of

the Soc' Str J-

5 Banks.

which was carried, and

'That a sum not exceeding 70 guineas be expended in the said
Picture/

In response to this request to Sir Joseph Banks, at
the following meeting in May,

' At the Particular request of the Sec. who tho' gratefull in the
highest degree for the honor intended him express'd the utmost
possible disinclination to every kind of alienation of the General
Fund from the purposes to which it has originally been destined,
& in consideration of the Society being already in Possession of
a Picture of him painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds, the resolution
of the last meeting by which £70 was ordered to be disbursed for
another Picture of him out of the General Fund was tho*
reluctantly unanimously rescinded.'

In March, 1805-, the state of the two great groups The
by Sir Joshua Reynolds was found to be rather Reynolds
bad, and Mr. West, P.R.A., having inspected them irouPs: stePs

z%6 History of the Society of Dilettanti

for their by request, reported that they were in a state of
preserva- decay, menacing ruin, and that they required im-
mediate care for their preservation. A committee,
consisting of Mr. West, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Dundas,
Mr. Henry Hope, Mr. Thomas Hope, Lord North-
wick, and Sir Henry Englefield, was appointed to
inspect the pictures and report at the next meeting
of the Society. A few days later West, Lawrence,
and Englefield inspected the pictures, and reported
that no time should be lost in repairing them, as
not only many parts were peeled, but many square
inches now adhering to the canvas were in a blistered
state, and could be detached by a slight shake
given to the pictures. Mr. West recommended the
employment of a Mr. Milles to repair the pictures
without removing them from Parslow's Tavern.
The Society, however, did not take any action in
the matter. In June, 1810, another committee,
consisting of the Duke of Somerset, Lord Dundas,
Earl Cowper, Lord Morpeth, Lord Selsey, Mr.
Metcalfe, Mr. Mitford, Mr. Williams, Mr. Hope,
Mr. Morritt, Mr. Knight, Dr. Burney, Mr. Dawkins,
Sir J. Coxe Hippisley, and Sir Henry Englefield,
resolved, if necessary, to put the two groups into
the hands of Mr. William Conyers, of Great Coram
Street, for repair. Mr. Conyers, however, reported
that in their bad condition relining would be im-
possible, and would only make them worse. It was
ordered in January, 18 n, that the pictures should
be delivered to Mr. Conyers for repair ; but this
does not appear to have been done, for the pictures
were still at Parslow's Tavern in the following
February, and were finally left there until the Society
transferred its quarters to the Thatched House
Tavern. In April, 18 u, the following members

Group of Members of
THE SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI, 1779

History of the Society of Dilettanti 2x7

were appointed a Committee of Painting to inspect
and remove the pictures belonging to the Society,
viz. the Earl of Hardwicke and Lord Selsey, Mr.
Thomas Hope, Mr. West, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Wilkins,
and the Secretary. In May, 18 12, this Committee
was empowered to consult with Mr. Rising as to the
state of the two groups.

Meanwhile a scheme had been proposed for The groups
preserving the pictures by engravings, and on engraved in
May 17, 18 12, Mr. Lawrence reported that Mr. *******
Turner and Mr. Say were severally ready to execute
plates in mezzotint from the two groups by Sir
Joshua Reynolds belonging to the Society, the size
of the plates to be 23 inches by 1 d, and the plates
to be the absolute property of the Society, at the
price of 25-0 guineas each. It was resolved that it
was the opinion of the Committee that the pictures
should be delivered to Mr. Turner and Mr. Say
without delay for the purpose of engraving. It
does not appear that the pictures were at once
delivered over to the engravers, for in January,
18 1 3, the Society consented to lend the pictures
in their possession by Sir Joshua Reynolds to the
British Institution for an exhibition of that painter's
works. It was not until March, 18 17, that the
Secretary informed the Society that the plates
would be soon finished and the pictures returned,
and that finished proofs were laid before the
Society. It was then ordered by the Society that
the two pictures before being returned should be
placed in the hands of Mr. Bigg for cleaning,
which was done at a cost of sixty guineas. In April,
1 8 21, the two plates were finally finished, and after
some attempts to place them in a dealer's hands, the
Society decided to print 300 copies, 100 on India

xx8 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Portrait of

Payne

Knight.

Lawrence
on the
question of
fresh
portrait-
groups.

paper for the use of the Society, and 200 to be
disposed of to the advantage of the Society, and
the plates then to be destroyed. Each member was
to receive a copy, and also the representatives of
the members portrayed in the groups. Members
were to be permitted to purchase additional copies,
not exceeding three, at thirty shillings each. Proofs
of each group were presented to the Fitzwilliam
Museum at Cambridge in May, 1822, and to the
National Gallery.

The next portrait acquired by the Society was
that of Mr. Richard Payne Knight, who paid face-
money for the last time in 1805-, and presented his
portrait painted by Lawrence in the same year.

The idea, however, of a further commemoration
of the Society by a great group of portraits was
again renewed in 1807, and a proposal made to
Mr. Lawrence upon the subject, in reference to which
he addressed the following letter to the Secretary : —

gm Greek Street, March ?, 1809.

I take the liberty of addressing you on the subject of the
pictures which many of the Members of the Society of Dilettanti
appointed me to paint for them.

The pleasure of being so honourably distinguished by them, and
of being employed upon a work of magnitude, made me at the
time regardless of the disadvantages necessarily attending the
execution of so large a picture composed entirely of portraits.
These, however, appeared on reflection to present so many
obstacles to the completion of a work that should do justice to
the liberal intention of my employers, that on communicating
them to my earliest friends in the Society, it was determined to
propose for the consideration of the subscribing Members the
substituting in the place of that picture an historical composition,
appropriate in its subject to the first views of the Institution.
This proposal was accordingly mentioned to the Society by the
gentlemen to whose friendship I am indebted for my introduction
to it. The adoption of this measure, should it meet the con-
currence of its Members, must still entirely depend on the
approbation of such committee as might be appointed to form

History of the Society of Dilettanti zxy

some judgment of the work, from a sketch submitted to their
inspection ; and this I have not yet been enabled to prepare.

The gentlemen I have consulted on this occasion are acquainted
that the number of my present engagements compels me to
decline any new commissions.

The early claim, however, of the Members of this Society
forms an exception to this rule, and I shall therefore be proud and
happy to exert the utmost efforts of my pencil on any single
portraits they may command me to paint for them, at the fixed
price given me for my labours when the picture above mentioned
was first ordered.

I have the honour to be, &c,

Thomas Lawrence.

On the above date, when this letter was written Portraits
and read, it was ordered that a committee do meet *ndface-
on Sunday, March 20, for considering the business J[JJ2w
of portraits, and that the same be an open com- orders.
mittee, and that all who attend have voices. The
committee resolved that the Treasurer should not
collect any face-money due from members previous
to March, 1809, but that after that date the tax
should be exacted as before '. On May 17, 1 812, at
an open committee of the Society, Lord Dundas in
the chair, it was resolved

£ That the Secretary [Sir Henry C. Englefield] is commanded,
with all possible expedition, to put his face into the most picturesque
order in his power, and as soon as he shall have succeeded in this
great and difficult work, to present himself to Mr. Lawrence, the
Painter to the Society, to the end that a Portrait of the said
Secretary be painted with all speed by him for the use of the Society.

' N.B. — The Father of the Society ordered that, instead of the
word use, the word ornament be inserted in the Motion — Ordered
nem. con/

The portrait of Englefield was completed by Law-
rence, and bears the date of 18 12. At the same
meeting in May, 1812, it was resolved also

1 It does not appear that face-money was collected after this date,
although there seems to be no minute recording the actual abolition
of the tax.

xgo History of the Society of Dilettanti

'That the Painter to the Society be requested and enjoined
forthwith to paint, for the ornament of the Society, his own
portrait/

This command, however, also remained unfulfilled,
as was also the order on June 75 1 8 1 2,

cThat the Duke of Norfolk be requested to present to the
Society without delay his portrait by the Painter to the Society,
in the robes of Arch-Master of the Ceremonies/

A similar want of success attended the order of
the Society on February tf, 1814,

'That the Secretary do direct Mr. Lawrence, Painter to the
Society, forthwith to paint the picture of Mr. Gell at the expense
of the Society, and that the picture, when finished, be hung up in
the room of the Society/

Portraits of The Society was more fortunate in June, 1817,
Lord when it was resolved

Dundas and

Benjamin 'That the Secretary do write to Sir Thomas Lawrence re-

West. questing him to finish the picture of our venerable father, Lord

Dundas, if possible previous to the next meeting/

This picture was completed by Sir Thomas Lawrence
in the same year. In 18 21, after the death of Lord
Dundas, permission was given to the second Lord
Dundas to have an engraving taken of it, and in 1822
Sir Robert Dundas was allowed to have a copy of
it made by Sir Thomas Lawrence. Lord Dundas
had figured previously in one of the groups painted
by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1778, nearly forty years
before. On April 26, 1818, Mr. Benjamin West,
P.R.A., presented a portrait he had just painted of
himself. He had been elected an ordinary member
in 1792, and addressed a letter to the Secretary as
follows : —

Dear Sir,

Having the honour of being a Member of the Society of
Dilettanti, and in conformity to one of its laws, which renders

History of the Society of Dilettanti 231

it necessary for every one who claims that distinction to send

a portrait of himself to be therein deposited, I shall think myself

highly flattered by the noblemen and gentlemen, who are its

members, accepting the one painted by myself as President of

the Royal Academy of Arts in London, and which I trust will be

honoured by their approbation.

I shall take care that the picture is properly framed, before it is

placed in the collection ; and, as I have been solicited for two

portraits of myself, one to be placed in the Capitol at Rome, and

the other in the Gallery at Florence, I shall be obliged to you

to make known to the Members of the Society my request for the

indulgence of painting the two pictures from the one I now have

the honour of sending them, which I hope to do in the course of

next summer, after which the portrait shall be restored to the

Society of Dilettanti. Be so good to make my best respects to its

Members. _,

Benjamin West.

The unanimous thanks of the Society were voted
to Mr. West upon the same day. Mr. West abdi-
cated in 1 8 19, on account of increasing age and
infirmity, but was desired to remain a honorary
member. He died in 1820, and was succeeded in
the Presidency of the Royal Academy by Sir
Thomas Lawrence.

In May, 1822, another attempt was made to secure Laiurence
a portrait of Sir Thomas Lawrence, who had now succeeded by
become Secretary to the Society, he being, on the '
motion of Mr. Wilkins, directed

6 To obey the commands formerly issued to him as their Painter
to paint his own Portrait for the Society, additionally ordering
him to paint it in the Secretary's dress/

This command, however, like the previous one,
remained unfulfilled. Sir Thomas Lawrence, P.R.A.,
died in 1829, and was succeeded as President of the
Royal Academy by Sir Martin Archer Shee, R.A.,
who also succeeded him as Painter to the Society of
Dilettanti, of which he was elected a member in
July, 1830.

xgx History of the Society of Dilettanti

Portrait of On May i, 1 8 3 1, it was resolved

cThat Sir Martin Archer Shee, Pres. R.A., be commanded by
the Society to paint the Portrait of Mr. Morritt, Arch-Master of
the Ceremonies to this Society, in the long crimson taffety-
tasselled robe of that great and most respectable officer, and that
a copy of this Resolution be forwarded by the Secretary to
Sir M. A. Shee for his information and guidance/

Sir Martin Shee faithfully obeyed these instruc-
tions, and completed the portrait, a very fine and
characteristic one, in 1832. The Society had in-
tended to defray the cost of the portrait, for which
Sir M. A. Shee at first declined payment, out of the
General Fund ; but Mr. Morritt himself insisted
upon paying the painter, in which the Society, not
choosing to decline his generosity, somewhat re-
luctantly acquiesced. It was ordered that the
portrait of Mr. Morritt should be engraved in
mezzotint, but this order was never carried out, and
the picture, which is one of the finest Shee ever
painted, is reproduced for the first time in the present
volume (p. 146).
inquiries In 1 8 39 the state of the two groups by Sir

into state of Joshua Reynolds again called for attention, and
pictures. in consequence of the report of Sir M. A. Shee,
the Society decided in February, 1840, to place
them in the hands of Mr. Seguier, the picture-
restorer then most in vogue, for repair. They
remained in Mr. Seguier's custody during 1841 and
1842, while the quarters of the Society were trans-
ferred to the premises occupied by the Albion
Club, and were returned in February, 1842. In
May, 185-0, the state of one of the aforesaid groups
again gave cause for anxiety, and it was decided
in February, 185*1, that the two pictures should
be protected by plate glass.

History of the Society of Dilettanti xgg

Sir Martin Archer Shee, P.R.A., resigned his shee
membership of the Society in July, 1845-. He was succeeded by
succeeded in the Presidency of the Royal Aca- East tm
demy by Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, who was also
elected to be a member of the Society, and its
official Painter, in June, 1848. In 1860 a further
inquiry was made into the state of the pictures,
and the whole collection was entrusted in this and
the following years to Mr. John Dujardin, junior,
by whom they were relined, covered with plate
glass, and the frames regilt, prior to the re-
arrangement and rehanging of the portraits in the
Society's new room at Willis's Rooms in King Street,
St. James's.

In 1 8 f 5- a project was started for reproducing Proposed
by some process of engraving the whole of the series °f
Society's collection of portraits. Sir Richard West- **&***&•
macott, R.A., communicated with Mr. George Scharf,
junior (afterwards Director of the National Por-
trait Gallery), and received from him an estimate
of the cost of engraving the thirty-one portraits
in question on wood. The cost, however, was
probably the reason which deterred the Society
from proceeding in the matter.

In February, i8j7, an application was received Applications
from Mr. Peter Cunningham, the manager of the f°lj0a" '■?
Historical Section of the great Exhibition of Art Manchester,
Treasures at Manchester in that year, requesting South
the loan of the portraits belonging to the Society **»***&***

c !_■• i_-i_- • i r ° ° , J National

for this exhibition ; but, after some correspondence, Gallery, &c.
the Society declined to accede to this request.
In April, 1867, the Society agreed to lend the
whole collection of portraits (except that of Lord
Broughton, not yet received) to the National
Exhibition of Portraits, held at South Kensington,

134- History of the Society of Dilettanti

in 1 868, on condition of their being kept together
in a separate room, and no photographs being
allowed to be taken of them. For this loan the
Dilettanti received the thanks of the Lords Com-
missioners of Education in February, 1869. In
the same year the Society received a request from
Sir William Boxall, Director of the National
Gallery, for a temporary loan of the two portrait-
groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds. The Society con-
sented to lend them from August 1, 1869, to
January 31, 1870, during their recess. On the
latter date they were replaced in the room of
the Society by Sir William Boxall, who addressed
the following letter to the Secretary : —

National Gallery

a 8 Jan., 1870.
Sir,

On behalf of the Board of the National Gallery I have
to beg that you offer to the Members of the Dilettanti Society, the
best thanks for the generous permission they have enjoyed for the
pleasure and instruction of the Public, to exhibit for six months
the two groups of portraits belonging to the Society. It may be
interesting to the Society to know that since the 1st of August
last, & notwithstanding the closing of the Gallery during the
month of October, more than 383 thousand people have visited
the National Gallery. In accordance with the conditions of the
Loan I have to inform you that on Monday next, being the
31st of Jany. 1869 {sic), the two pictures will be replaced in the
Society's Room in King's Street, St. James', free of all costs and
charge for removing and replacing them, though not without silent
regret.

I have the honour to be,
Your obed. servt,
To the Honorary Secretary William Boxall,

of the Dilettanti Society. Director.

EastUke Sir Charles Eastlake died in i8df, and was

succeeded by succee(ied in the office of Painter to the Society
Lag ton. ky Mr. Frederic Leighton, R.A., who eventually

History of the Society of Dilettanti z%s

also succeeded to the Presidential Chair of the
Royal Academy.

On July i, i8dtf, the Society Portraits of

Lord
c Requested Lord Broughton to Present to them a Portrait of Broughton
himself. Lord Broughton said he would comply with the wishes anj s-ir
of the Society/ Edward

Eventually the Society received from Lord yan'
Broughton a portrait of himself painted by the
Hon. Henry Graves. On July 2, 1871, it was
resolved

c That a portrait of the Secretary [Sir Edward Ryan] be painted
at the expense of the Society by an artist to be selected by the
Secretary/

Sir Edward Ryan selected Mr. Leighton as the
artist, who completed the portrait during the next
six or seven months. On March 3, 1872, it was
resolved

1 That aoo guineas be paid with the best thanks of the Society
to Mr. Leighton, and that he be requested to order a frame for the
picture of the Secretary at the charge of the Society with the
Society's usual Inscription thereon/

At the same time it was resolved

c That Mr. Leighton receive the cordial assent of the Dilettanti
Society to his wish to exhibit the portrait of the Secretary at the
Royal Academy, and that if Mr. Leighton obtain permission to
withdraw the picture from the Rooms of the Academy for
exhibition in those of the Dilettanti Society on the 7th April, he
be requested to communicate the fact to the Secretary in order
that the Secretary may inform members with a view to a full
gathering of the Society/

The portrait of Sir Edward Ryan is one of Sir
Frederic Leighton's happiest efforts in portraiture,
conceived and carried out in the original spirit
of the Society of Dilettanti. The genial Secretary
to the Society is represented in his official dress,

236 History of the Society of Dilettanti

Successive
Painters to
the Society:
Sir F. W.
Burton and
Sir E. J.
Poynter.

Further
loans of
pictures.

Last por-
traits :
Mr. Wat kiss
Lloyd, Lord
Leighton,
Mr.
Sidney
Colvin.

standing at the dinner table and reading the
minutes.

In March, 1879, Sir Frederic Leighton, having
received a French diploma as 'Sculpteur Anglais,'
begged leave to be allowed to serve the Society
in the office of Sculptor ; and on this being
granted, the Society elected Mr. (afterwards Sir)
F. W. Burton, R.H.A., Director of the National
Gallery, to be Painter to the Society. In 1894
Sir F. W. Burton resigned his membership, and in
1 8 9 5 Mr. Poynter was elected a member of, and
Painter to, the Society in his place. Since then
Mr. Poynter has become President of the Royal
Academy and received his knighthood ; events strictly
in accordance with the traditions of the Society.

In 1884 the two groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds
and the portrait of himself were lent by the Society
to the Grosvenor Gallery for an exhibition of the
collected works of Sir Joshua Reynolds. In March,
1 890, on the Society's removing from Willis's
Rooms, the two groups by Sir Joshua Reynolds
were once more deposited on loan with the Trustees
of the National Gallery, until the whole collection
of pictures was removed and rehung in the Society's
new room in the Grafton Gallery.

In January, 1894, a portrait of Mr. William
Watkiss Lloyd, painted by Miss Bush, was received
by the Society from his daughter, Miss Ellen
Watkiss Lloyd, having been bequeathed to the
Society by Mr. Watkiss Lloyd, who had for many
years been one of its most active and respected
members. After the death of Lord Leighton,
President of the Royal Academy, in January, 1896,
the Dilettanti, being anxious to obtain a portrait
of one of the most illustrious of their body,

History of the Society of Dilettanti xg7

decided to have a copy made of the portrait
painted by Lord Leighton of himself for the
Uffizii Gallery at Florence. The work was en-
trusted to Mr. Charles Holroyd (now Keeper of the
National Gallery of British Art), and completed
before the close of the same year. In February,
1895, on the resignation by Mr. Sidney Colvin of
his post as Secretary and Treasurer of the Society,
the Society ordered that a portrait of that gentleman
should be added to their collection. Sir Edward
Poynter undertook to paint the portrait of Mr.
Colvin, which was sent by permission of the Society
to the Royal Academy Exhibition of 1897. This
addition completes the list of the Dilettanti portraits
up to the present day.

HISTORY

OF THE

SOCIETY OF DILETTANTI

SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER

1898-1913

FIFTEEN years having elapsed since the publi-
cation of the History of the Society in 1898, it
was resolved in February, 1 9 1 3, that a list should
be added of the members elected since that date, and
that in a supplementary chapter some account should
be given of the progress of the Society during the
period.

Owing to losses from death or resignation some fifty
new members have come in, and according to the tradi-
tions of the Society they have been drawn from the
public service, from the Bench and Bar, from both
Houses of Parliament, from the Royal Academy, and
from the ranks of art collectors and connoisseurs. The
connexion of the Society with the Royal Academy
has been strengthened by the election of Sir Thomas
Brock and Sir Thomas Jackson; from the British
Museum have come Sir Frederick Kenyon (now Direc-
tor), Sir Cecil Harcourt Smith (now Director of the
Victoria and Albert Museum), and Sir Hercules Read
(now President of the Society of Antiquaries) ; from

X4-o* History of the Society of Dilettanti

the Record Office, Sir H. Maxwell Lyte, Deputy-
Keeper. Other departments of the public service are
represented by Sir Edward Davidson and Sir Chauncy
Cartwright of the Foreign Office ; by Lord Desart,
Sir Kenneth Muir Mackenzie, and Sir H. Babington
Smith. Lord Plymouth, Lord Burghclere, Lord Sand-
hurst (recently resigned), Lord Islington, Lord New-
lands, Lord Goschen, and Sir Walter Hely Hutchinson
have served their country with distinction at home or
abroad. From the Bench and the Bar have been
added Lord Mersey, Lord Collins (too soon withdrawn
by death), Lord Moult on, Mr. Justice Pickford,
Mr. Wedderburn, K.C., and Mr. Francis Pember. Sir
George Armytage and Sir Alexander Henderson are
well-known collectors, while the claims of such men as
Sir Robert Mowbray, Mr. Andrew Hichens, Mr. Vicary
Gibbs, Mr. Alfred Farquhar, Mr. Spencer Lyttelton,
and Mr. Adolphus Liddell for admission into the
Society are sufficiently obvious. Three successive
American Ambassadors have been admitted to the
Society during the period. Of these Col. John Hay
was recalled after only a year's service to take up the
post of Secretary of State at Washington ; Mr. Choate
was a constant and most welcome attendant at the
Society's dinners during his term of office, and remains
an honorary member of the Society ; Mr. Whitelaw
Reid though elected never presented himself for formal
admission, and resigned shortly before his death.

During these fifteen years the Society has lost by
death some of its oldest and most valued members.
These include Mr. Penrose, who had long been Father
of the Society, and whose Principles of Athenian Archi-
tecture was among its most important publications;
Sir William Farrer, who generously had the two
great Reynolds' groups reproduced by photogravure

7/ARD HENRY PEMBER.

SECRETARY
1896-1911

History of the Society of Dilettanti X4i*

in 1 8 9 8 at his own expense and presented the plates to
the Society ; Sir William Fraser, Sir Nigel Kingscote,
Lord Davey, Sir John Murray Scott, Sir Barrington
Simeon, Sir Richard Paget, Mr. Andrew Hichens, Lord
Collins, and more recently Mr. Underdown, K.C., who
was a constant attendant at the dinners and took the
keenest interest in the Society's welfare ; Sir Walter
Hely Hutchinson, the late popular Governor of the
Cape Colony ; and in Spencer Lyttelton.

But the most serious loss was the death in 1 9 1 1 of
Mr. E. H. Pember, K.C., who had been Joint Secretary
of the Society for eighteen years, from 1893 to 1896
in association with Sir Sidney Colvin, and then until
his death with Lord Welby. His geniality and wit
and his devotion to the Society's interests had en-
deared him to all the members, and it was most for-
tunate that two years before his death an admirable
portrait of him by Sir Edward Poynter, the painter to
the Society, had been added to its collection.1 Mr.
Pember's place as Joint Secretary with Lord Welby was
filled by the appointment of Mr. George Macmillan,
who had been elected a member in 1898, and whose
official connexion with the Hellenic Society and the
British School at Athens has helped to bring the Society
into more direct touch with modern archaeological
research.

Among members who have resigned during the period
may be mentioned Sir Sidney Colvin, who had served
the Society so well in the office of Secretary; Sir Colin
Scott Moncrieff, General Clive, Lord Sandhurst,
Lord Rosebery, Lord Plymouth, and Lord Desart.

Reference has already been made to the portrait of
Mr. Pember, which was added to the Society's collec-

1 A reproduction of this portrait is issued with the present
supplement.

X4-X* History of the Society of "Dilettanti

tion in 1909. In 1 9 1 1 , through the courtesy of Lord
Belhaven, the Society was able to acquire a copy of a
portrait (by Phillips) of his grandfather, W. R. Hamil-
ton, who served the Society as Secretary from 1 8 3 o to
185-9. The copy, on the recommendation of Sir Edward
Poynter, was entrusted to Mr. Dorofield Hardy, who
produced an excellent picture for the sum of £$0.
In 19 1 3 it was unanimously resolved that a portrait
should be painted of Lord Welby, who has been a
Joint Secretary of the Society since 1 896. The Com-
mittee appointed to carry the resolution into effect
entrusted the work to the Hon. John Collier, who
produced an excellent portrait, which has just been
hung in the Society's collection.

In 1 907 a Committee, consisting of Sir Nigel Kings-
cote, Sir Spencer Walpole, Mr. Underdo wn, K.C., and
the two secretaries, Mr. Pember and Lord Welby, was
appointed to consider the revision of the Society's
Rules and Regulations. Their recommendations were
unanimously adopted, and the new Rules were printed
and issued to members before the end of the year.
The chief alterations were that the number of members
was definitely limited to fifty- four, and that candidates'
names were thenceforth to be submitted in a printed
list to members in advance and selected by voting
papers, on which, however, the choice was to be indi-
cated by a mark (x), not by the voter's name. The
names thus selected are then submitted to the Society
for ballot in the traditional way.

It was pointed out in the History of the Society
(pp. 209-1 $) that since the days when the Society itself
equipped expeditions for archaeological research in the
Levant, conditions had so far changed that research of
the kind naturally devolved upon younger institutions
expressly founded for the purpose. The foundation of

History of the Society of Dilettanti 243*

the Hellenic Society in 1 8 97, and of the British School
at Athens in 1895-, had provided machinery and funds
which had not hitherto been available, so that the
Society of Dilettanti is no longer called upon to take
the lead in such matters. It has been felt, however, that
loyalty to its old traditions implied a sympathetic in-
terest in the work of these younger institutions, and
since 1898 the Society has in fact contributed consider-
able sums both from its own funds and through special
subscriptions among its members to enterprises of this
kind. Thus in 1 8 9 9 the Society itself contributed £?o
and individual members another £60 towards excava-
tions undertaken by the British School at Athens on
the site of Naucratis. In 1901 £jo was voted towards
excavations at Praesos in Crete, also undertaken by the
School, and at intervals from 1901101906 the Society
contributed ^100 and its members as much again
towards the very remarkable and fruitful excavations
carried out by Sir Arthur Evans at Knossos in Crete.
Reports on these matters were from time to time made
to the Society by Mr. Penrose,Mr.Macmillan, and other
members, and have always been heard with interest.
It cannot be doubted that the Society will continue to
recognize that inquiries into the history of classical
art and civilization have a special claim upon its
sympathy and support.

It seems appropriate to record at this point the really
remarkable fact established by Lord Welby from ex-
amination of the Society's archives, and reported by
him at a recent meeting, that during the many years
of the Society's activity in this field no less a sum than
£7,6^000 was expended on archaeological research.
For a body consisting of from forty to sixty members,
not incorporated for scientific inquiry, but meeting
mainly for purposes of conviviality, this is certainly

144* History of the Society of "Dilettanti

a highly creditable achievement, and in accordance
with a resolution passed at the meetingof April £,1913,
a summary of the work done, which is dealt with in-
cidentally in the course of the History, will be given
as an Appendix to this chapter.

During the last few years the Secretaries, with the
help of a Special Committee, have given much time
and attention to the Society's archives. Many large
bundles of papers have been examined and reduced to
some kind of order, while superfluous matter has been
destroyed. It was found that there was a large mass
of plates from the Society's different publications,
accompanied in many cases by the original drawings.
The really beautiful drawings prepared for Specimens
of Ancient Sculpture have been placed in portfolios, and
some of the separate plates have been acquired by
members at a nominal price. As the very numerous
architectural plates from the various volumes of Anti-
quities of Ionia , Penrose's Principles of Athenian Archi-
tecture^ and other works, had no commercial value, it
was decided to offer them to various institutions in-
terested in the study of architecture, including the
Royal Institute of British Architects, the Royal
Academy of Arts, the Architectural Association, the
Victoria and Albert Museum, the British School at
Rome, and several provincial Universities and Schools
of Art. The offer was in each case gratefully accepted.
In the end a residuum of fine architectural plates, with
the original drawings, was presented to the Royal
Institute of British Architects and received as a very
valuable addition to their Library. The Institute
held in the summer of 1912 a Special Exhibition of
these plates and drawings, which attracted wide atten-
tion among students of architecture. In preparing
an account of this Exhibition for the Journal of the

History of the Society of Dilettanti 24 5-*

Institute, Prof. W. R. Lethaby made the very interest-
ing and unexpected discovery that some sixty of these
fine plates, dealing with various sites in Asia Minor,
were not to be found in the existing volumes of Anti-
quities of Ionia and had apparently never been pub-
lished. Prof. Lethaby communicated this discovery
to the Secretaries of the Society, with the suggestion
that as the plates were of real archaeological value
they should still be published. The matter was re-
ported to the Society at the November dinner in 1 9 1 2
and aroused great interest. A Committee, consisting
of the two Secretaries, Sir Cecil Harcourt Smith, and
Sir Thomas Jackson, was appointed to consider Prof.
Lethaby's suggestion and report to a later meeting.

Search through the minute-books of the Society
revealed the fact that about 1830 two new volumes
of Antiquities of Ionia , which were to be Volumes III
and IV, were in contemplation. Of these Volume III
had been published in 1840, but the fourth volume
had evidently been postponed, though the minute-books
contained no explanation of the postponement. There
is, however, a reference to the point on p. 1 8 o of the
History, where Mr. Lionel Cust says that a fourth
volume was in contemplation and some of the plates
actually engraved when the death of Mr. Wilkins,
R.A., who was to have been responsible for the text,
put a stop to further progress.

It seems nevertheless a strange thing that the very
existence of these plates should have been forgotten
when some thirty years later materials for an entirely
new volume were provided by Mr. R. P. Pullan's re-
searches on the sites of Teos and the Smintheum, and
he was further commissioned to examine the temple
of Athene Polias at Priene, in order that there might
be enough matter to fill a volume of reasonable size.

q 9p 3JC 3p

X4-6* History of the Society of Dilettanti

This, the existing fourth volume of Antiquities oflonia,
was published by Macmillan & Co. for the Society in
1881, as recorded in the History, but contains no
reference to the plates now in question.

Fortunately, however, the original plates have been
found through Mr. Macmillan in perfect condition in
the store-rooms of Messrs. Ross & Co., the well-known
copper-plate engravers in the Hampstead Road, and
with the help of Prof. Lethaby have been identified.
Careful estimates, prepared by the Committee, showed
that 200 copies of a volume containing these sixty
plates, with letterpress, could be produced for about
£3 fo. Prof Lethaby has kindly undertaken to pro-
vide the text for a fee of £?o, and at the meeting on
May 4, 1 9 1 3, the Society decided that the work should
be put in hand.

The volume is to be sold to members, and offered
in advance to various libraries, museums, and other
public bodies in England and abroad at £2 2/., and
will afterwards be published at £3 3 s. A Guarantee
Fund has been started, to which the Society and the
Royal Institute of British Architects have each guaran-
teed £fo, and individual members of the Society about
£70 more. There seems to be a reasonable prospect
of the work being ready for publication before the
end of 19 14 or early in 19 ly.

The discovery of these plates, and their publication
nearly a century after they were engraved, forms a
romantic episode in the history of the Society and will
serve to keep its name forward among the promoters
of archaeological research. It should be added that
the sites dealt with in the volume include Myra, Tel-
messus, and Magnesia.

With this important announcement the present re-
cord may fitly close. Mr. Cust said at the end of his

History of the Society of Dilettanti 247*

History that the welfare of the Society as expressed
in its ancient toast — < Esto Clara, Esto Perpetua ' —
would probably depend upon its keeping in view the
ideals implied in two other of its traditional toasts —
'Seria Ludo' and 'Grecian Taste and Roman Spirit.'
This hint has clearly been borne in mind, and if it
should be decided to celebrate in 1932 the 200th
anniversary of the foundation of the Society it may
be hoped that another chapter will be added to this
History, and that at least as good an account may be
rendered of its progress and efficiency.

G. A. M

APPENDIX

THE DILETTANTI SOCIETY'S
CONTRIBUTIONS TO ART. 1734-1908.

approximate statement of moneys expended by the
Society of Dilettanti for the encouragement and promotion
of a knowledge of ancient art, comprising sums expended on
traveller /, artists^ and in the publication of their works.

The first payment under any of these heads recorded in the
books of the Society is in the year 1757, when the property of the
Society appears to have been about ^1700^ this payment is thus
described : £ s. d.

To subscription to Messrs. StuartandRevett's

work on the antiquities of Attica . 2100

In 1764. the funds of the Society were increased
from £2000 to rather more than ^fooo, and in April
1 764. the Society set aside ^2000 for an expedition
to collect information relating to monuments of anti-
quity in the East. Further sums were voted later.
The expedition resulted in the first part of Ionian
Antiquities. The sums expended are as follows :

1764.. May iy. Messrs. Chandler, Revett, and

Pars on account .... 200 o o

Oct. 20. Paid their drafts on Leghorn . 400 o o
1765. April 10. Paid Messrs. Revett and Chand-
ler's draft from Smyrna

Nov. 2. „ „ „

Nov. 16. „ „ „

1 766'. Nov. Mr. Chandler's draft from Zante .

Nov. „ „ from Bristol .

Nov. 30. „ „ on his receipt

1767. Feb. Mr. Chandler by order .
Feb. Mr. Revett „ ...
Feb. Mr. Pars „ ...

1768. May. Messrs. Revett and Pars on account

for copper plates, &c.
Mr. Revett more on account
*ij6y. May. Mr. Revett on account .

* 1769- The first part of the Ionian Antiquities was published.

400

148

0
14

IOO

M3
J33

6
6
6

8
8
8

3*3

IOO

?°

Contributions to Art 249

May. Mr. Revett for paper, printing, Sec.

May. Mr. Pars, making, finishing, and

colouring drawings ....

Mr. Revett on account ....

1770. May. Engraving and striking off the

Athenian inscription ....

1 77 1. May. Mr. Revett, by order, for finishing

the drawings

1772. May. „ „ „
Payments for the first part of the Ionian Anti-
quities completed, total cost, £ 3 207 1 s. id.

*I773. No payments.
1774. Dr. Chandler, by order of the Society . 16 5

Mr. Revett for work on a second part of

Ionian Antiquities . . . . 1 00 o

I77T* June« Lodged with Messrs. Drummond

for the use of the students at Rome . 120 o
1776. April 2. Dr. Chandler, fifty guineas 1774.
and 1776, for his work on Greek in-
scriptions and travels
Students at Rome

t*777- » m »

1782. Paid to Mr. Revett (in full of all demands)

1783. Mr. Revett for 200 copies of Ionian Anti-

quities s I

1784. Mr. Newton for engraving four plates
Mr. Byrne for engraving a plate

1785*. Mr. Hadrill for printing Ionian Antiquities,

No. 5:

Mr. Faden, engraving map for Ionian Anti-
quities, No. 5* ....
Mr. Ball for Colombier paper for ditto
Mr. Spilsbury for printing ditto
Mr. Sharpe for vignette *

1790. Engraving plates for vol. 2 of Stuart's Anti-
quities of Athens . . -. » 247 16 o
J 1 75>4« Sir Joseph Banks renders account of expendi-
ture on vol. 2 of Ionian Antiquities,

1784-1794 1 140 17 o

* 1773. Society's balance made over by Mr. Fauquier, £3911 17-r. 6d.
t 1777. Balance made over by Mr. Crowle to Mr. Banks, £4066 19s. id.
X 1794. Sir Joseph Banks resigns Treasurership. Society's balance
£7724 lot. id.

§ Expenditure on second volume of Ionian Antiquhiet.

120

200

170

»7

0
6

0
0

4
8

x$"o* The "Dilettanti Society's

i796.

*797-
175,8.

1700.

1800.
1801.
1802.
1803.
1804.
1807.
1806.
1807.
fi8o8.
1809.
1810.
1811.

Expended on the same account .

33 33 33 ...

Mr. Byrne for two plates of Aradus and
Halicarnassus .....

Mr. Bulmer for printing vol. x of Ionian
Antiquities. .

Drawings and engravings for vol. 1 of Select
Specimens of Ancient Sculpture

■>■)
•>■>
■>•>
33

33
33

33
33
33

33
33

33
33
33
33
33
33
33

33 33

For engravings

1812.
1813.

1 8 14.

33 33 . . . . .

Total expenditure on the Specimens,

£-l6%<$ 17s. %d.
In 181 1 a new Ionian Expedition was

undertaken under Gell, Deering, and

Bedford.
Telescopes for this expedition
Drafts of Sir W. Gell for ditto

33 33 33

For engraving .

Maps for the Ionian Expedition

Ionian Expedition in April

33 33 June .

„ 33 July •

j, „ September

„ „ October

Miscellaneous expenses on ditto
Corbould for engraving
Ionian Expedition

£ s.

436 16

376" 16

189 0

189 11

11 11

238 13

M7 ^

zq.6 1

no 10

161 19

386 10

384 14

380 10

xxx 9

°4 0

96 ix

104 IX

700

14-^T

9l9

919

7T*

800

100

117

711

1 J

* Vol. 2 of Ionian Antiquities, total cost, £2820 14/. id.

t 1808. Mr. Metcalfe resigns Treasure rship. Society owns £10,000
three per cents, reduced and £46 gs. gd. cash.

I Work on the third volume of Ionian Antiquities, which was not pub-
lished till 1840. Expenseson vol. 5 (? and 4), £10,200 17s. gd. Seep.245*

Contributions to Art

Z?!

Engravings for ditto ....
fi8i?. „ „ ....

j 1 8 1 6'. Engravers for printing

1817. „ „ ...
Binding, &c. -.

181 8. Paid for drawing, painting, and engraving

1 8 19. Drawings for Ionia or Attica
Agar for engraving in second vol. of Select

Specimens . .

18x0. Engravers

Paid through Mr. Wilkins for architectural
engraving ......

1 8a 1. Second edition with additions of part 1 of
Ionian Antiquities published.
§i8xx. Paid for engravings

1823. Paid to engravers

1824. „ „

1 8x6\ Messrs. Roffe, Heath, and Porter, engravers
18x7. Engravers ......

18x8. „

||i8xo. Engravings

1830. The Society orders the second vol. of Select
Specimens and parts 3 and 4 of Ionia to
be proceeded with more rapidly.
Engravings and drawings

1831.

183a.

11833.

1834.

1835.

IOOO

£ *.

413 y
1166 19

8xx iy

494 10
165 0

0
0

377 °
86 11

0
0)

101 if

5x7 it

0
0

1X2

123

*94-

IQ7

xoi

IO64

604

117a

1x38

5*9

The second vol. of Select Specimens of Ancient
Sculpture published.
183(3. Engraving, &o, &c, printing, Sec. . . 476 11 6

* Continued from previous page. See note J.

t 18 1 ?. The Society owns £3000 reduced three per cents.

\ 1 8 16. Each member pays £10 ioj. od. annually for five years in aid
of the publication of the Ionian Antiquities and the r Inedited Antiquities '
of Attica.

§ 1822. Sir H. Englefield, Secretary and Treasurer, dies. The Society
owns £2500 three per cents, and £872 lis. Sd. cash.

|| 1829. Sir Thomas Lawrence,, Treasurer, dies. The Society owns
£2500 reduced three per cents., £1000 exchequer bills, £746 cash.

If 1833. The funds of the Society were reduced to £2000 three per cents.
** Third volume of Antiquities of Ionia, and vol. 2 of Select Specimens
of Ancient Sculpture.

>**

x?x* The Dilettanti Society s

£ s.

Chevalier Bronsted for copper plates of the

Bronzes

of Sir is

. .

, ,

100 0

The Bronzes

of Sir is

published.

1837.

Eng

raving, paper, printing, &c.

281 10

1838.

50 0

183*

260 9

1840.

JZ 10

1 841.

33 3

184a.

33 '

9 +

1844.

47 3

i84T.

sum not stated

1846.

33 J7

1847.

181 11

1848.

*19 l8

1845).

187 1

1870.

171 13

185:1.

"T T

x8yx.

3°5> *

Mr.

Penrose

:'s Investigation of

Athenian

Architecture published.

Total

£30614. 2

Between 185"! and 18 5:9 the Society made no contributions to art,
except a subscription of £1 \is. 6d. to the Architectural Institute at
Rome. In 185-2 they had no money invested. Between 185-2 and
185*9 tney kid out j£ioo° in tne purchase of £<\.')i 6s. 6d. Bank of
England Stock. Their cash balance rose from ^"483 zs. 6d. on
Dec. 31, 185a, to £860 is, yd. on Dec. 31, 185-9. ^n l8T7 the
Society approved the expenditure of £zjo at Halicarnassus, but
it was found not necessary.

i860. Mr. C. R. Cockerell, R.A., for 70 copies of
his work on Egina

1 861. Mr. Pullan, excavations at Teos

1862. „ at Teos ....

1863. „ „
Mr.W. Lloyd (a member), apparently expenses

in connexion with the Teos Committee

367

200
300
132

14 8

20 15- 7

* Third volume of Antiquities of Ionia and vol. z of Select Specimens
of Ancient Sculpture.

t Investigation of Athenian Architecture.

M"3

s. d.

IXO

0 0

300

0 0

zoo

0 0

II 0

3*3

IO 0

xoo

0 0

aoo

0 0

^"2.3^0

I 3

Contributions to Art

1864. Mr. Pullan, drawings Teos
\%66. „ the Smintheus temple

1867. „ Smintheus

1868. Printing Report on Priene
Mr. Pullan for Priene investigations .

1869. „ Priene ....

1870. „ Priene and Smintheus
No expenditure on art in 1871, 187X5 1873,

1874, 1877, and 1876'.

To close of 1876, Total

In 1875: the Society, having spent £1966 on explorations at Teos,
Priene, and the Smintheum, resolved in accordance with precedents
in 1 8 14. (Ionian Mission) and 1833 (purchase of bronzes of Siris)
to ask members for subscriptions to enable the result of these
explorations to be published (vol. 4, Ionia), and a Publication Fund
was created to which the expenses of publication would be charged.
The cost was originally put at £810, subsequently at ^00 to
;£iooo. On April x8, 1879, ^e Publication Committee reported
that £611 had been derived from subscriptions and ,£41 ys. 64.
from the Society itself, or £66^ js. 6d. Subsequently subscriptions
of £j6 5 j. are reported, and in that year ^1^0 was further sub-
scribed by the Society. In May 1881 the Publication Committee
report the approaching completion of vol. 4 of Ionia ; the remaining
costwould be about^4oo,ofwhich^'3 fo were available from the Publi-
cation Fund, into which receipts from sale of the books were paid as
well as members' subscriptions and contributions from the Society
itself, leaving ^^o to be made good by the Society. I do not find any
final account of the expenditure, but it will be seen from this
statement that a sum of over £1000 was laid out on the publication
of part 4, which was distributed to members and placed on sale in June
1 881. In i88z ;£i?o was paid by the Society itself to the Publication
Fund, and probably (though that is not recorded) this contribution
represented an advance for the final settlement of the accounts for
part 4. If so, the total expenditure on part 4 approached ^"1400.

June 3 , 1883. The Society decided on the publication of a second
edition of Penrose's "Principles of Athenian Architecture, and granted
him ;£i?o to enable him to revisit Attica for that purpose. In
June 1886 a further sum of £ 100 was paid to him, and on May id,
1887, a statement of the expenditure was laid before the Society.
£301 4/. rd. had been spent on plates and the journeys to Athens,
and £110 was due for engravings, ^411 4*. id. The cost of
printing and publishing was put at £411 ixx. \od. It proved,

X5*4* Contributions to Art

however, to be £6$%, some part of which was met by sales of
publications. Thus the cost of the second edition of Penrose's
work was about £iojo. It carries this record of the aid given by
the Society to Art up to the year 1890.

It was proposed in 1890 that the Society should raise a fund for
researches, but 1 do not find any record of a subscription being
made.

In 1899 the Society subscribed ^"15-0 for excavation at Naucratis
(including £60 subscribed by members), and in 1901 and 1903 it
gave ^15:0 for excavation at Cnossos in Crete.

In 1905' it subscribed £10 to the Penrose Library in the British
School at Athens.

SUMMARY

Aid

given

the !

Society to Art 1734-

-1872

30614

•>•>

» 1853-

-1870'

23 (So

„ l877-

•1898,

vol.

Ionia.

, and Penrose, say

2500

„ 1899-

-1908

•

310

Total £3 5784

Add sum collected by the Society in 1833 for the
purchase of the bronzes of Siris which it pre-
sented to the British Museum. The cost was
;£iooo, to which the Museum contributed £200 800

Total £36084
say 36000

No contributions were made to archaeological research between
1908 and 191 3, when a fifth volume of Ionian Antiquities was under-
taken as explained in the Supplement, pp. 245"*- 246*.

WELBY.

APPENDIX

LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY
OF DILETTANTI

A l List of Members of the Society of Dilettanti,
according to the Order of Election, dating from the
6th. of March, 173^,' was compiled by Mr. William
Richard Hamilton and appended as a supplement
to his Historical Notices of the Society of Dilettanti
published in 185-5-. Copies of this list were printed
separately and distributed to members.

A second List of Members, brought up to date,
was printed by Sir William Fraser, Bart., in 1874,
and presented by him to the members of the Society.

The following List of Members has been compiled
from the elections recorded in the Minute-Books of
the Society. An attempt has been made to identify
the members and to enumerate the various dis-
tinguished positions which so many of them have
occupied in the public service.

APPENDIX

LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY
OF DILETTANTI

Viscount
Harcourt.

Lord Middle-
sex.

1736.

Simon Harcourt, born 17 14.; only son
of Hon. Simon Harcourt, and suc-
ceeded his grandfather, 17x7, as
second Viscount Harcourt ; travelled
in France and Italy, 1730-34.; Lord
of the Bedchamber to George II,
1735-57; created Earl Harcourt,
1 74-9 ; governor to the Prince of
Wales, 175*1 ; Ambassador to Meck-
lenburg-Strelitz, 1761, for the
marriage of Princess Charlotte and
George III; Ambassador to Paris,
1768-9; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,
1771-7 ; died 1777.

Charles Sackville, Earl of Middle-
sex, born 171 1 ; eldest son of first
Duke of Dorset ; travelled in France
and Italy; M.P.; Lord of the
Treasury ; Master of the Horse to
Frederick, Prince of Wales ; suc-
ceeded as second Duke of Dorset,
1763 ; died 1769-

Earl Harcourt.

Duke of Dorset.

240 List of Members of

Viscount Gustavus Hamilton, Viscount Boyne,

Boyne. born 1710* succeeded his grand-

father as second viscount; travelled
before 173 1 ; M.P.; P.C.; a Com-
missioner of Revenue ; died un-
married 174.6".

Sir Lionel Sir Lionel Pilkington, born 1706-7 ;

Pilkington. succeeded as fifth baronet 1716";

travelled in France and Italy; pur-
chased Chevet Hall, near Wakefield;
M.P. ; died unmarried 1778.

Mr. T. Thomas Grimston, of Grimston Garth

Grimston. and Kilnwick, near Hull; born 1701;

died 1 751.

Hon. W. William Ponsonby, born 1704.; eldest

Ponsonby. son of second Viscount Duncannon,

and first Earl of Bessborough;
travelled in Italy, Greece, and the
East for some years up to 1739;
friend and companion of J.E.Liotard
the painter; a member of the Ac-
cademia del Disegno at Florence,
and noted collector of marbles, gems,
and other works of classical antiquity;
styled Viscount Duncannon, 1735);
M.P.; Lord of the Treasury; Post-
master-General; succeeded as second
Earl of Bessborough, 1758; died 1793
as c Father of the Society/

Mr. R. Richard Grenville, born 171 1; eldest

Grenville. son of Richard Grenville and Hester,

Countess Temple, and brother-in-law
of the Earl of Chatham ; travelled
for four years up to 1734. ; M.P. ;
styled Viscount Cobham, 174.9-5^;
succeeded his mother as Earl Temple,
i75"z; First Lord of the Admiralty,
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, and

other state offices ; one of the fore-
of his day ; died

most statesmen

l779-

Earl of Bess-
borough.

Earl Temple.

the Society of Dilettanti

241

Mr. J. Howe.

Lord Robert
Montagu.

Sir Robert
Long.

Sir Francis
Dashwood.

Mr. Mitchell.

Sir Brownlow
Sherrard,
Bart.

Mr.T. Archer.

1736 {continued).

John Howe, of Hanslope, Bucks, born
1707 ; married Caroline, daughter
of second Viscount Howe; died
176 9.

RobertMontagu, born 1 7 1 3 (?) ; second
son of first Duke of Manchester;
M.P.; Vice-Chamberlain to the
Queen; succeeded as third Duke of
Manchester, 1739; Lord of the
Bedchamber to the King, and Lord
Chamberlain to the Queen; died
1761.

Sir Robert Long, born 1705; succeeded
his father as sixth baronet of Dray-
cot, Wilts, 17x9; M.P. ; married
heiress of Earl Tylney ; died 1767.

Sir Francis Dashwood, born 1708 ;
travelled in France, Italy, Russia,
etc.; M.P. ; Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, 176^,-3 ; confirmed in his
mother's barony of Le Despencer,
1763; Postmaster-General; F.R.S.,
LL.D.; died 1781.

Sir Andrew Mitchell, born 1708; tra-
velled and studied at Leyden Uni-
versity and elsewhere on the
Continent; M.P.; Under-Secretary
of State for Scotland, 174a; Am-
bassador to the Court of Prussia,
175-6', and Envoy Extraordinary to
the same court, 1765; K.B., 176?;
confidential friend of Frederick II ;
died at Berlin, 1771.

Sir Brownlow Sherard, Student at
Leyden University, and travelled in
the East; succeeded his father as
fourth baronet, 173I- ; M.P. ; married
Mary Sidney, co-heiress of the Earl
of Leicester; died 1748.

Thomas Archer, of Umberslade, War-
wick, born \6y<) ; M.P. ; created
Baron Archer, 1747; died 1768.

Duke of Man-
chester.

Lord le
Despencer.

Sir Andrew
Mitchell, K.B.

Baron Archer.

X4-2

List of Members of

Mr. R.
Bristow.

Hon. Thomas
Villiers.

Mr. E.Clarke.

Mr. W.

Degge.

Mr.T. Anson.

Sir James
Gray.

Mr. William
Denny.

Mr. Wiliiam
Strode.

Hon. James
Noel.

Hon. Sewallis
Shirley.

1736 {continued).

Robert Bristow, of Micheldever,
Hants; M.P.; Clerk Comptroller
of the Household; died 1737.

Thomas Villiers, born 1709; second
son of Earl of Jersey ; Minister
Plenipotentiary to Dresden, Vienna,
Berlin, and other courts ; M.P. ;
created Viscount Hyde, 1756", and
Earl of Clarendon, 1776"; Postmaster-
General and Chancellor of the Duchy
of Lancaster; died 1786".

Edward Clarke.

William Degge, born 165*8 ; second
son of Simon Degge, of Derby ;
Lieutenant-Colonel of Dragoons.

Thomas Anson, of Shugborough, Staf-
fordshire; M.P.; elder brother of Ad-
miral Anson; died unmarried 1773.

Sir James Gray, eldest son of first
baronet; British Resident at Venice,
1746"— 53 ; Envoy to the Court of
Naples and the Two Sicilies, 1 754-66,
and to the Court of Spain, 1766-73 ;
K.B., 1761; P.C, 1769; died 1773.

William DENNY,Colonelinthe Army;
Deputy-Governor of Pennsylvania,
1756-9; died about 1770.

William Strode, born 1698; Colonel
6and Foot, and Lieutenant-General,
1 76" 5 ; served under the Duke of
Cumberland; M.P. ; died 1776",
buried in Westminster Abbey.

James Noel, third son of third Earl
of Gainsborough ; M.P. ; died 1752.

Sewallis Shirley, born 1709; fourth
son of first Earl Ferrers; M.P. ;
Comptroller of the Household to
Queen Charlotte ; died 1765".

Earl of
Clarendon.

Sir James Gray,
Bart., K.B.

the Society of Dilettanti

*4-3

Mr. George
Knapton.

Rev. Arthur
Smith.

Mr. D.Boone.

Sir Henry
Liddell,
Bart.

Mr. George
Gray.

Mr. William
Fauquier.

Mr. Henry
Harris.

Mr. Thomas
Whitmore.

1736 {continued.}

George Knapton, born 1698 ; painter
in oil and crayons ; resided for many
years in Italy; surveyor and keeper
of the royal collection of pictures,
1765; first Painter to the Society;
died 1778.

Arthur Smyth, son of the Bishop of
Limerick; travelled after leaving
Oxford; Dean of Raphoe, 1743,
and Deny, 1744.; Bishop of Clon-
fert, 1772, Down, 175-3, and Meath,
176?; Archbishop of Dublin, 1766;
died 1771.

Daniel Boone, born 17 10; son of
Governor of Bombay; Director of
the East India Company and the
Bank of England ; M.P. ; Clerk of
the Household to Frederick, Prince
of Wales; died 1770.

Sir Henry Liddell, born 1708 ; suc-
ceeded his father as fourth baronet,
1723; M.P.; created Baron Ravens-
worth, 1747; died 1784.

George Gray, second son of Sir James
Gray, Bart.; Colonel of 37th Foot
and Major-Gen eral ; succeeded his
brother as third baronet, 1773; Secre-
tary and Treasurer to the Society,
1738-71 ; died 1773.

William Fauquier, banker and Direc-
tor of the South Sea Company;
Secretary to the Society, 1771-4;
Registrar and Secretary of the Order
of the Bath, 178 ?;F.R.S.; died 1788.

Henry Harris, Commissioner of Wine
Licences and Gentleman Usher of
the Black Rod in Ireland; first
Treasurer and High Steward to the
Society; died 1764.

Thomas Whitmore, of Apley, Shrop-
shire; M.P., K.B. ; died 1773.

r 2

Archbishop of
Dublin.

Baron Ravens-
worth.

General Sir
George Gray,
Bart.

Sir Thomas
Whitmore,K.B.

X4-4-

List of Members of

Mr. Robert

Dingley.

Sir Hugh
Smithson,
Bart.

Mr. Turner.
Mr. Spence.

Mr. Phillips.

Mr. Delme.

Hon. Robert
Hay.

1736 (continued}.

Robert Dingley, of Lamb Abbey,
Chiselhurst, merchant, born 1705;;
contested Middlesex in 1768 against
John Wilkes ; founder of the Mag-
dalen Hospital, 1758 j died 1781.

Sir Hugh Smithson, born 1715 5 suc-
ceeded as fourth baronet, 1 729 •
M.P. ; married, 1740, Elizabeth
Seymour, daughter and heiress of
sixth Duke of Somerset and grand-
daughter of eleventh Earlof Northum-
berland ; succeeded as Earlof North-
umberland, and assumed the name
of Percy, i75"o; K.G., Lord of the
Bedchamber, Lord Chamberlain, and
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland ; created
Duke of Northumberland, 1766;
died at Syon House, 1786".

Joseph Spence, born 1699 5 Fellow of
New College, Oxford ; travelled in
France and Italy, 1730-33, with the
Earl of Middlesex, and in 1739-4.1
with the Earl of Lincoln ; Professor
of Poetry and Regius Professor of
Modern History at Oxford ; author
of Polymetis, The Anecdotes, etc. ; and
friend and correspondent of Pope •
died at Byfleet, Surrey, 1768.

[? Sir Erasmus Philipps, Bart., of Picton
Castle, born 1700 ; M.P. ; succeeded
his father as fifth baronet, 1736;
died 1743.]

Peter Delme, born 1710; son of Sir
Peter Delme, Lord Mayor of London j
M.P. ; died 1770.

Robert Hay, born 1712; second son
of seventh Earl of Kinnoull ; Bishop
of St. Asaph, 1748, and Salisbury,
1761 ; Archbishop of York, 1761 ;
assumed additional name of Drum-
mondj died ijj6.

Duke of

Northumber-
land.

Rev. Joseph
Spence.

Archbishop of
York.

the Society of Dilettanti

X45"

Mr.S.LuttrelJ.

Mr. Bowman.

Hon. Charles
Feilding.

Mr. Williams.

LordGallway.

Mr. Darcy.

1 [Count

Nassau.
Mr.Watkins.]

2 Earl of

Euston.

Mr. Thomas
Steavens.

Mr. George
Stanhope.

Mr. Knight.
Mr. Gore.

1736 (continued}.

Simon Luttrell, born 17 13; M.P. ;
created Baron Irnham, 1768; Vis-
count Carhampton, 1780-81; Earl
of Carhampton, 1785" ; died 1787.

Charles Feilding, third son of fourth
Earlof Denbigh; Lieutenant-Colonel
in the Army ; Gentleman Usher to
Queen Caroline; died 1745.

Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, born
1708; M.P.;spentmostofhislifein the
diplomatic service at Dresden,Berlin,
Vienna, and St. Petersburg ; author
of many satirical poems; died 175:9.

John Monckton, born itfp?; M.P.;
created Viscount Galway, 1717;
Commissioner of Revenue and Sur-
veyor General of Woods and Forests;
died 1 75" 1.

Patrick Darcy.

Earl of Car-
hampton.

George Fitzroy, Earl of Euston, born
1 71 5 ; eldest son of second Duke of
Grafton; M.P. ; died before his
father, 17+7.

Thomas Steavens, son of Sir John
Steavens of Eltham ; died 1779.

1737.

George Stanhope, [? second son of
first Earl Stanhope; born 1717].

[? Robert Knight, of Barrels ; M.P. ;

afterwards Baron Luxborough and

Earl of Catherlough.]
[? Arthur Gore, elder brother of Lord

Annaly; M.P.; died 1758.]

Sir Charles
Hanbury
Williams.

Viscount
Galway.

1 In the list published for the Society by Sir William A. Fraser, Bart., the two names occur here as
original members, but there is no trace of the names in the original list as given in the minutes.
■ The first member whose election is recorded in the Minute-Books.

X4-6

List of Members of

Mr. Stewart.
Earl Cowper.

Hon. James
Hamilton.

I737 {continue dY
[? William Stewart.]

William Cowper, second Earl Cowper,
born 1 705) ; Lord of the Bedchamber
to George II; F.R.S., LL.D.;
married Henrietta, daughter and
heiress of Henry d'Auverquerque,
Earl of Grantham ; died 1764.

[? James Hamilton, born 171a ; eldest
son of seventh Earl of Abercorn;
summoned to Irish House of Lords
as Baron Mountcastle, 1738; suc-
ceeded his father as eighth Earl of
Abercorn, 174!; died 1785).]

Earl of
Abercorn ?

The Duke of
Kingston.

Mr. Samuel
Savage.

Lord Rock-
ingham.

Mr. Samuel
Feake.

LordSunbury.

1738.

Evelyn Pierrepont, second Duke of
Kingston, born 1711; succeeded as
second duke, 1716; Lord of the
Bedchamber and K.G., 1 74.1 ; held
various commands in the army and
fought at Culloden; married cMiss
Chudleigh'; died 1773.

Samuel Savage.

Lewis Watson, born 1709 (?); second
son of Viscount Sondes ; succeeded
his grandfather as second Earl of
Rockingham, 17x4.; died 174.?*

Samuel Feake ; a Director of the East
India Company.

George Montagu, born 1716; son
of George, first Earl of Halifax;
married, 1741, Miss Dunk, a rich
heiress, whose surname he assumed ;
Lieutenant-General in the Army ;
President of the Board of Trade,
and 'Father of the Colonies' ; Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland ; First Lord of
the Admiralty, and Secretary of
State; K.G. ; died 1771.

Earl of Halifax,
K.G.

Hon. Thomas
Watson.

the Society of Dilettanti

1738 {continued).

Thomas Watson, born 1715"; younger
son of Viscount Sondes; M.P. ;
succeeded his brother as third Earl
of Rockingham, 174.5"; died 1746".

X47

Earl of Rocking-
ham.

Lord Barring-
ton.

Mr. News-
ham.

Mr. Mallet.

Mr. Norborne
Berkeley.

Mr. Henry

Crowley.

Mr. Varey.

1739-

William Wildman, second Viscount
Barrington, born 1717, travelled on
the Continent, 1735—8 ; M.P. ; Lord
of the Admiralty, Secretary at War,
Chancellor of the Exchequer, and
Treasurer of the Navy; died 1793.

James Newsham, born 1715 ; nephew of
James Craggs, Secretary of State, and
stepson of John Knight of Gosfield.

David Mallet (or Muloch), born
1705- (?) ; author of numerous poems
and tragedies, and friend and cor-
respondent of Pope, Bolingbroke and
others ; tutor to various members of
the aristocracy (including Mr. News-
ham), and a follower of the Earl
of Bute and the Prince of Wales;
died 1 765'.

Norborne Berkeley, son of John
Symms Berkeley, of Stoke GifJbrd;
M.P.; successfully claimed the barony
of Botetourt, 1764.; Governor of
Virginia, and died at Williamsburgh,
i776.

Henry Crowley.

William Varey; mentioned in the
correspondence of G. A. Selwyn
and others as a man of fashion.

Mr. Vernon. Francis Vernon.

1740.

Mr. Grim-
stone.

(Re-elected.)

Lord Botetourt.

X48

List of Members of

Mr. Bristow.

Earl of
Sandwich.

1740 (continued}.

William Bristow ; Commissioner of
Revenue in Ireland 5 M.P., F.R.S.;
died 175*8.

John Montagu, fourth Earl of Sand-
wich, born 1 71 8 ; succeeded his
grandfather, 1719; travelled in Italy,
Sicily, the Greek Islands, Turkey,
and the East up to 1739 ; First Lord
of the Admiralty ; Plenipotentiary
at the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle,
174.8 ; died 179a.

Lord Galway.

Mr. W. H.
Gage.

Mr. Wellbore
Ellis.

Marquess of
Hartington.

Lord
Quarendon.

Mr. NeJ-
thorpe.

I74f

(Re-elected.)

William Hall Gage, born 171 8;
eldest son of first Viscount Gage;
M.P. ; and succeeded as second
viscount, 1754; Paymaster of the
Pensions; F.R.S. ; created Baron
Gage, 1780; died 1791.

Welbore Ellis, born 171 3; son of
Bishop of Meath ; M.P. ; Lord of
the Admiralty, 1747; Vice-Treasurer
of the Household, 17??; Secretary
of State for America, 178a; created
Baron Mendip, 1794; F.R.S.,
D.C.L., and a trustee of the British
Museum; died 180a.

William Cavendish, Marquess of
Hartington, born 1720; M.P. ;
summoned to the House of Lords as
Lord Cavendish, 175T; Lord-Lieu-
tenant of Ireland; succeeded as fourth
Duke of Devonshire, 175*5:; Prime
Minister, 175"^; K.G. ; died 1764..

George Henry Lee, Viscount Quaren-
don, born 1718; M.P. ; succeeded
his rather as third Earl of Litchfield,
1 74-3 ; Chancellor of the University
of Oxford, 1761; died 1772.

James Nelthorpe ; died 1767.

Viscount Gage.

Baron Mendip.

Duke of Devon-
shire.

Earl of Litch-
field.

the Society of 'Dilettanti

X49

Sir Charles
Bunbury.

Hon. Mr.
Coke.

Lord Lovel.

Mr. William
Bristow.

Sir John
Rawdon.

Rev. Mr.
Dampier.

Earl of
Lincoln.

Mr. Mac-
kenzie.

Mr. Ross.

Lord
Strafford.

174— {continued).

Sir Charles Bunbury ; succeeded as
fourth baronet, 1753 ; M.P.; died
1742.

Edward Coke, born 17x0; only son
of Thomas Coke, Lord Lovel; M.P.;
styled ViscountCoke, 1 744-73 ; mar-
ried Lady Mary Campbell; died 175:3.

Thomas Coke of Holkham, born 1695 ;
M.P.; created Baron Lovel, 17x8,
and Earl of Leicester, 1744; Post-
master-General; died 1759.

(Re-elected.)

1741.

Sir John Rawdon, born 1710; suc-
ceeded as baronet ; travelled in
Greece and the East ; M.P.; created
Baron Rawdon, 1770, and Earl of
Moira, 1761; F.R.S. ; died 1793.

Thomas Dampier, born about 1704;
Under-Master of Eton School;
Canon of Windsor and Dean of
Durham; died 1777.

Henry Fiennes-Clinton, born 1710;
succeeded his brother as ninth Earl
of Lincoln, 1730; Lord of the Bed-
chamber; K.G.; succeeded his uncle
as second Duke of Newcastle, 1768 ;
died 1794.

Kenneth Mackenzie, born 1718 (?) ;
eldest son of fifth Earl of Seaforth ;
attainted for his share in the Jacobite
rebellion; M.P. ; sometimes styled
Viscount Fortrose ; died 1761.

Charles Ross, of Balnagar, second
son of Viscount Ross; M.P.; killed
at Fontenoy, 1745".

William Wentworth, born if%%i
succeeded his father as second Earl
of Strafford, 1739; a well-known
amateur; died 1791.

Viscount Coke.

Earl of Leicester.

Earl of Moira.

Duke of New-
castle.

Earl of Strafford.

xyo

Mr. Cole-
brooke.

Mr. Cotton.

List of Members of

174I (continued}.

Robert Colebrooke, born 17 18 ; elder
brother of first baronet; M.P.; minis-
ter to the Swiss Cantons and am-
bassador to the Ottoman Porte ; died
1784..

John Hinde Cotton, born 171 8;
succeeded as fourth baronet, iy^a j
M.P. ; died if^-

Sir John Hinde
Cotton, Bart.

Mr. J. Ross-
Mackye.

Lord

Deskfoord.

Lord Mansel.

Mr. Frederick.

Mr. Thomas
Brand.

Duke of
Bedford.

I74i.

John Mackye, of Polgowan ; M.P. ;
assumed name of Ross on marriage
with daughter and co-heiress of
thirteenth Lord Ross; Treasurer
and Paymaster of the Ordnance;
died 1797.

James Ogilvy, Lord Deskfoord, born
I7i4(?); eldest son of fifth Earl of
Findlater; Commissioner of Customs
and Lord of Police; succeeded as sixth
Earl of Findlater, 1 764. ; committed
suicide, 1770.

Thomas, second Lord Mansell of
Morgan ; succeeded his grandfather,
17x3 ; died 1744.

John Frederick, eldest son of first
baronet ; succeeded as second baronet,
1 7f ? ; a well-known collector of
antiquities and works of art; died

17*7-
Thomas Brand, of the Hoo, Herts. ;
M.P.; married daughter of Duke
of Kingston; died 1770.

John Russell, fourth Duke of Bedford,
born 171 o; succeeded his brother,
173a; First Lord of the Admiralty,
Secretary of State, Lord-Lieutenant
of Ireland, Ambassador Extra-
ordinary to the Court of France;
K. G. ; died 1771.

Earl of Findlater.

Sir John
Frederick,
Bart.

the Society of "Dilettanti

lfi

Hon. Henry
Legge.

I74a {c°nttnue(l)'

Henry Bilson Legge, fourth son of
first Earl of Dartmouth, born 1708 ;
M.P. ; Secretary for Ireland; Lord of
the Admiralty, Envoy Extraordinary
to the King of Prussia ; Chancellor
of the Exchequer ; died 1 764.

Mr. Liddell.

Sir Charles
Wyndham.

Captain
Lushington.

Mr. Cal-
thorpe.

Mr. Blyth.
Mr. Lascelles.

Mr. William
Williams.

Mr. Vernon.

Mr. Robert
Coke.

Sir Bourchier
Wrey.

1742.

[? Richard Liddell, fifth son of third
baronet.]

Sir Charles Wyndham, born 1710;
son of third baronet, and succeeded
his father, 1 740 ; succeeded his uncle
as second Earl of Egremont, 175-0 ;
Secretary of State; died 1763.

William Lushington, second son of
Thomas Godfrey Lushington of
Sittingbourne ; Captain in the Army ;
died 1763.

Henry Calthorpe, son of Reynolds
Calthorpe of Elvetham, Hants; K.B.;
died 1788.

John Bligh, born 1719 ; succeeded his
brother as third Earl of Darnley,
1747; died 1787.

Edwin Lascelles, of Harewood, born
171 3; M.P.; created Baron Hare-
wood, 1790; died 1 795'.

[? William Peere Williams ; suc-
ceeded his rather as second baronet,
1758; M.P.; killed at Belleisle,
1761.]

Henry Vernon, of Hilton Park, Staf-
fordshire, born 1718 ; died 1777.

Robert Coke, of Hillingdon ; married
sister of last Duke of Wharton.

Sir Bourchier Wrey; succeeded his
father as fifth baronet, 1 jz6 ; M.P. ;
died 1784.

Earl of
Egremont.

Sir Henry Cal-
thorpe, K.B.

Earl of Darnley.

Baron Hare-
wood.

Sir William
Peere
Williams,
Bart. ?

%5i

Mr. George
Dodington.

Lord George
Graham.

Mr. Patrick
Darcy.

Earl of Rock-
ingham.

Mr. Pitt.

Lord Conway.

Mr. B.
Boyle.

Mr. Dingley.

Viscount
Midleton.

Captain
Churchill.

Lord Gowran.

List of Members of

1742 (continued),

George Bubb-Dodington, born 169 1;

M.P.; the well-known politician;

Treasurer of the Navy; created

Baron Melcombe Regis, 1761 ; died

1762.
George Graham, younger son of first

Duke of Montrose- R.N., M.P.;

died 1747.
(Re-elected.)

(Re-elected.)

Francis Seymour-Conway, born 1718 ;
succeeded his father as second Baron
Conway, 1731; created Earl of
Hertford, 1750, and Marquess of
Hertford, 1793; K.G. ; Ambassador
to Paris, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,
Master of the Horse, and Lord
Chamberlain; died 1794.

Bellingham Boyle, son of first Earl of
Shannon 1 ; Commissioner of Re-
venue ; married to daughter of
Archbishop Hoadly ; died 1771.

(Re-elected.)

1743.

Alan Brodrick, second Viscount
Midleton, born 1 702 ; succeeded his
father, 1733; Commissioner of
Customs ; Joint Comptroller of the
Navy; died 1747.

George Churchill, son of Lieu-
tenant-General Charles Churchill
and Anne Oldfield; Lieutenant-
General in the Army ; died 175-3 .

John Fitzpatrick, second Baron
Gowran, born 1719; succeeded his
father, 1727 ; created Earl of Upper
Ossory, 175:1; died 1758.

Baron Melcombe
Regis.

Marquess of
Hertford, K.G.

Earl of Upper
Ossory.

1 Or perhaps of the Hon. Richard Boyle and his second wife Madeline Bellingham.

the Society of 'Dilettanti

25-3

Mr. Nel-
thorpe.

Sir Everard
Falkener.

Mr.Fanshawe.

Marquess of
Granby.

(Re-elected.)

Baron
Hopberg.

Mr. Berkeley.

Mr. Feilding.

Hon. Richard
Edgcumbe.

Mr. Lascelles.
Mr. Foster.

1744.

«74f

Sir Everard Fawkener, born 1684;
merchant ; friend of Voltaire ; Am-
bassador to the Ottoman Porte ;
Postmaster-General; died 175-8.

Simon Fanshawe, of Fanshawe Gate,
born 1716'- M.P. ; died 1777.

John Manners, Marquess of Granby,
born 1 72 1 ; eldest son of third Duke
of Rutland; Commander of the
British forces at the victory of
Minden, 1759; Commander-in-
Chief of the land forces in England ;
died 1770.

Baron Hochberg (or Hohberg).

(Re-elected.)

Richard Edgcumbe, born 1716; eldest
son of first Baron Mount-Edgcumbe;
Major-General in the Army, Lord
of the Admiralty, and Comptroller
of the Household; wit and poet;
succeeded as second Lord Mount-
Edgcumbe, 1758; died 1761.

(Re-elected.)

John Thomas Foster, of Dunleer;
M.P. ; married Lady Elizabeth
Hervey (afterwards Duchess of
Devonshire); died 1761.

Baron Mount-
Edgcumbe.

Duke of

Kingston.
Marquess of

Granby.

1745.

(Re-elected.)
(Re-elected.)

X5-4-

List of Members of

Earl of
Holder-

nesse.

Earl of Ash-
burnham.

Mr. St.
George.

1745 (continued}.

Robert Darcy, sixth Earl of Holder-
nesse, born 1718- succeeded his
father, 17x2; Lord of the Bed-
chamber in attendance on the King
at Dettingen; Ambassador to the
Republic of Venice, and to the Low
Countries; Secretary of State and
Lord Justice of the Realm ; died
1778.

John, second Earl of Ashburnham,
born 1724; succeeded his father,
1737; Lord of the Bedchamber;
died 1 8 ix.

Chevalier St. George (? Henry St.
George, born 1716 ; M.P. ; died
17^); F.R.S.

Mr.Aldworth.

I74f-

Richard Aldworth, of Stanlake, born
1 7 17; married daughter of Richard
Neville, of Billingbere ; assumed
name of Neville-Aldworth ; M.P. ;
Ambassador to Paris ; Under-Secre-
tary of State ; died 1793.

1746.

Lord Hobart. John Hobart, second Earl of Bucking-
hamshire, born 17x2; Ambassador
to Russia ; Lord- Lieutenant of
Ireland; died 1793.

Sir Thomas Sir Thomas Saunders Sebright, of
Sebright. Beechwood, Herts., born 1723;

succeeded as yth baronet, 1736' ; died
1761.

174.

Earl of Bless- I William Stewart, second Viscount
ington. Mountjoy, born 1709; succeeded

his father, 1728; created Earl of
Blessington, 1745; died 1769.

Earl of Bucking-
hamshire.

the Society of Dilettanti

257

Hon.Capt.G.

Edgecumbc.

174^ {continued).

George Edgcumbe, born 1711 •
younger son of first Baron Mount-
Edgcumbe; R.N. ; Admiral ; suc-
ceeded his brother as third Baron
Mount-Edgcumbe, 1761 ; Treasurer
of the Household ; created Earl of
Mount-Edgcumbe, 1789; died 175)5".

Earl of Mount-
Edgcumbe.

Mr. Dun-
combe.

Earl of March.

Mr. Tilson.
Dr. Gamier.

Mr. Freeman.
Mr. Gell.

Sir William
Milner.

Mr. Dingley.

1747.

Thomas DuNCOMBE,of Duncombe Park;
died 1795).

I74j-

William Douglas, third Earl of March,
born 1715; succeeded his father,
1 731; Lord of the Bedchamber;
succeeded his cousin as fourth Duke
of Queensberry ; as f Old Q./ one of
the noted characters of his day ; died
1810.

James Tilson, of St. George's, Hanover
Square; died 1764.

Thomas GARNiER,of Wykeham,Hants;
Apothecary-General to the Army ;
died 1763.

Sambrooke Freeman, of Fawley Court,
born 1710; M.P. ; son of John
Freeman and Susanna, daughter of
Sir Jeremiah Sambrooke ; died 178a.

Philip Gell, of Hopton, Derby ; died

1748.

Sir William Milner, born 17 19;
succeeded hisfather as second baronet,
1745; Receiver-General of the
Excise; died 1774.

(Re-elected.)

Duke of Queens-
berry.

zs6

List of Members of

Mr. Moun-
tague.

Lord

Eglinton.

Sir Robert

Hildyard.
Capt.Rodney.

Lord Drum-
lanrig.

Mr. George
Rice.

Mr. Bowlby.

Marquess of
Granby.

Mr. Dundas.

Earl of
Galloway.

1749.

Edward Wortley Montagu, born
1713; son of Lady Mary Wortley
Montagu; M.P., F.R.S.; well
known for his travels on the Con-
tinent and in the East, and his ec-
centric life and adventures ; died 1776.

Archibald Montgomery, eleventh
Earl of Eglinton ; born ijz6 ; third
son of ninth Earl.

Sir Robert Hildyard, third baronet,
born 1716"; M.P.; died 1781.

George Brydges Rodney, born 1718 j
R.N. ; the distinguished Admiral
and victor at Cape Finisterre and
other sea-fights ; created a baronet,
1764, and Baron Rodney, I78z;
M.P.; died 179*.

Henry Douglas, Earl of Drumlanrig,
born 172.x; eldest son of third Duke
of Queensberry; an officer in the
Army; accidentally killed, 1754.

George Rice, of Newton, born 1724;
M.P.j married Baroness Dynevor;
Commissioner of Board of Trade;
Treasurer of the King's Chamber;
P.C.; died 1779.

Thomas Bowlby, of Durham, born 165)8;
Commissioner of Excise; married
daughter of Earl of Cardigan and
sisterof first Dukeof Montagu; M.P.;
died 1778.

(Re-elected.)

I750.

Lawrence Dundas ; Commissary-
General ; created a baronet, ' 1762, ;
died 1781.

Alexander Stewart, sixth Earl of
Galloway, born 1694; Lord of
Police; succeeded his father, 1746;
died 1775.

Admiral Baron
Rodney.

Sir Lawrence
Dundas, Bart.

the Society of Dilettanti

25-7

Mr. Robert
Joscelyn.

Earl of Sussex.

Mr. Chaplin.

Mr. Steavens.
Lord Anson.

Mr. St. Leger.

Mr. Humber-
ston.

1750 (continued).

Robert Jocelyn, born 1688 ; fifth son
of Sir Robert Jocelyn, Bart., M.P. ;
Solicitor-General, Attorney-General,
Lord Chancellor- created Baron
Newport and Viscount Jocelyn, 175-^,
died 175:6".

George Augustus Yelverton, second
Earl of Sussex, born 1727; succeeded
his father, 173 1 • Lord of the Bed-
chamber to the Prince of Wales ;
died 175'L

John Chaplin, of Blankney ■ married,
1757, the daughter of Earlof Exeter ;
died 1764..

(? Re-elected.)

George, Lord Anson, born 171 7;
younger brother of Thomas Anson,
of Shugborough; R.N.; distinguished
Admiral and victor off Cape Finis-
terre, 174.7; created Baron Anson,
1 747 ; First Lord of the Admiralty ;
victor over the French at Quiberon,
1755) • died 176%.

[? Anthony St. Leger ; fourth son of
Sir John St. Leger, of Grangemellan,
Kildare; M.P. ; died 1770.]

Thomas Humberston, of Humberston,
co. Lincoln.

Viscount
Jocelyn.

Mr. Watson.

Mr. Trench.
Mr. Stewart.

1751.

Lewis Monson, born 1728; son of
first Lord Monson by daughter of
first Earl of Rockingham • assumed
additional surname of Watson;
created Baron Sondes, 1760; died

James Stuart, painter and architect;
c Athenian Stuart ; ' born 1 7 1 3 . See
page 77.

Baron Sondes.

X5-8

List of Members of

Mr. Revett.

Viscount
Midleton.

Lord Charles
Douglas.

Mr. Dundas.
Mr. Berkeley.

Mr. Leeson.

Lord Rock-
ingham.

Earl of
Galloway.

Earl of Hold-
ernesse.

Mr. James
Dawkins.

Mr. Knight.
Mr. Gordon.

175I {continued).

Nicholas Revett, born 17x1 , second
son of John Revett, of Brandeston
Hall, Suffolk • architect. See page 75.

George Brodrick, third Viscount
Midleton, born 1730; succeeded
his father, 1747 • M.P.; friend of
Frederick, Prince of Wales ; died
1765.

1753.

Charles Douglas, born 1726 ; second
son of third Duke of Queensberry ;
M.P. ; succeeded his brother as Earl
of Drumlanrig, 17^4. ; died 175-^.

(Re-elected.)

1754-

Joseph Leeson, born 1722; M.P. ;
created Baron Russborough, 175*6',
and Earl of Milltown, 1763; died
1783.

1755.

Charles Watson- Wentworth, second
Marquess of Rockingham, born 1730;
only son of first Marquess, and
succeeded 1750; K.G. ; Prime Min-
ister, ij6<j-6 and 1782; died 1782.

(Re-elected.)

James Dawkins, born 1722; M.P. ;
travelled with Mr. Robert Wood to
Palmyra and Baalbec • noted for his
Jacobite sympathies ; died 1779.

(Re-elected.)

Sir William Gordon, Minister Pleni-
potentiary to the Diet of Ratisbon,
1764. ; Envoy Extraordinary to Den-
mark, etc.; M.P.; K.B.

Earl of Drum-
lanrig.

Earl of Milltown.

Marquess of
Rockingham.

Lord Charle-
mont.

the Society of Dilettanti
1756.

James C aulfeild, fourth Viscount Char-
lemont, born 1728 ; resided for some
time in Italy ; afterwards highly dis-
tinguished as a politician, and patron
of art and letters in Ireland ; created
Earl of Charlemont, 1763 • F.R.S.,
F.S.A., K.P.; died 1799.

15-9

Earl of

Charlemont.

Earl of
Pembroke.

Mr. Stopford.

1759.

Henry Herbert, twenty-ninth Earl of
Pembroke and Montgomery, born
1754; General in the Army; suc-
ceeded his father, 1750; Lord of the
Bedchamber; died 1794.

James Stopford, born 1700 (?); created
Baron Courtown, 17 5- 8, and Earl of
Courtown, 1762; died 1770.

Earl of
Courtown.

Hon. Captain
Hervey.

Mr. Gordon.

Earl of
Galloway.

Admiral
Rodney.

Sir Thomas
Robinson.

1760.

Augustus John Hervey, born 1724;

second son of John, Lord Hervey ;

R.N. 5 Vice- Admiral ; succeeded his

brother as Earl of Bristol, 1775";

first husband of Miss Chudleigh ;

died 1779.
(Re-elected.)
(Re-elected.)

(Re-elected.)

1761.

Sir Thomas Robinson, born 1693 (?);
fourth son of Sir William Robinson,
Bart., of Newby ; M.P. ; Ambassador
to Vienna and Joint Plenipotentiary
at the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle ;
K.B. ; Secretary of State, Lord
Justice of the Realm; Postmaster-
General; created Baron Grantham,
1 761 ; died 1770.

s 2

Earl of Bristol.

Baron

Grantham.

x6o

Mr. Dering.

Mr. Richard
Phelps.

Mr. Boothby.

Mr. James.
Hon. Thomas
Robinson.

Mr. Robert
Wood.

Mr. Thomas
Pitt.

Marquess of
Tavistock.

Mr. Mackye-

Ross.
Lord Wark-

worth.

List of Members of

1761 (continued).

Edward Dering, born 1732; son of
Sir Edward Dering, Bart., of Surren-
den; succeeded as sixth baronet,
1762; M.P.; died 1798.

1763.

Richard Phelps, Under-Secretary of
State; Provost-Marshal to the Lee-
ward Islands.

[? Brook Boothby, of Ashborne Hall ;
younger son of second baronet.]

Haughton James, born 1738; of Jamaica.

Thomas Robinson, born 1738 ; eldest
son of first Baron Grantham; suc-
ceeded his father, 1770; Ambassador
to Spain; President of Board of Trade
and Foreign Secretary; died 1786".

Robert Wood, born 17 14- in Ireland;
travelled with Mr. James Dawkins to
Palmyra and Baalbec; M.P.; Under-
Secretary of State ; died 1 771.

Thomas Pitt, born 1737; nephew of
the Earl of Chatham; M.P.; a
well-known amateur ; created Baron
Camelford, 1784; died 1793.

Francis Russell, Marquess of Tavis-
tock, born 1739 ; eldest son of fourth
Duke of Bedford; accidentally killed,
17^7.

1764.

John Ross-Mackye (re-elected).

Hugh Percy, Lord Warkworth, born
174a ; eldest son of Sir Hugh Smith-
son, afterwards Duke of Northum-
berland ; General in the Army and
Colonel of the Horse Guards ; M.P. ;
succeeded his mother as Baron Percy,
1776, and his father as second Duke
of Northumberland, 1786"; K.G.,
F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1817.

Sir Edward
Dering, Bart.

Baron
Grantham.

Baron

Camelford.

Duke of

Northumber-
land.

the Society of Dilettanti

z6i

Mr. Dundas.

Col.Carleton.

Lord
Montague.

Mr. Crowle.

Duke of Man-
chester.

Mr. Mytton.

Lord Middle-
sex.

Lord Clan-
brassill.

Mr. Stuart
Shaw.

1764 (continued}.

Thomas Dundas, born 1741 ; only son
of Sir Lawrence Dundas, Bart., and
succeeded his father as second
baronet ; M.P. ; created Baron
Dundas, 1794; died, as 'Father of
the Society/ 1820.

Guy Carleton, born 1724; Governor
of Canada and Commander-in-Chief
in America ; K.B. ; created Baron
Dorchester, 1786; died 1808.

John Brudenell-Montague, Lord
Montagu, born 1735; son of
George Brudenell, third Earl of
Cardigan, and Mary, daughter and
co-heiress of Duke of Montagu;
created Baron Montagu of Bough-
ton, 1762, ; styled Marquess of Mon-
thermer on his father's creation as
Duke of Montagu ; died 1770.

John Charles Crowle, of Fryston
Hall, Wakefield; a well-known
lawyer and antiquary; Secretary to
the Society, 1774-78; died 1811.

George Montagu, fourth Duke of
Manchester, born 1737; M.P. ;
succeeded his father, 1761. ; Lord
Chamberlain and Ambassador to
Paris; died 1788.

John Mytton, of Halston, Salop, born
1737; died 1783.

(Re-elected.)

John Hamilton, second Earl of Clan-
brassil, born 1729; succeeded his
father, 1758 ; died 1798.

John Stewart-Shaw, eldest son of Sir
Michael Stewart, third baronet;
M.P. ; assumed name of Shaw, and
succeeded his father as Sir John
Shaw-Stewart, Bart.; died 18 12.

Baron Dundas.

Baron

Dorchester.

Marquess of
Monthermer.

Sir John Shaw
Stewart, Bart.

i6x List of Members of

1764 (continued}.

Mr. Thomas Thomas Wynn, born 1736; son of

Wynn. second baronet, and succeeded his

father as third baronet, 1773 ; M.P.;

Colonel in the Army ; created Baron

Newborough, 1776; died 1807.

Mr. Richard Richard Pennant, of Penrhyn j M.P.;
Pennant. created Baron Penrhyn, 1783; died

1808.

Mr. Brand. (? Re-elected.)

Mr. Crewe. John Crewe, of Crewe Hall, born 1 74a ;
M.P. ; created Baron Crewe, 1806;
died

29.

Baron

Newborough.

Baron Penrhyn.

Baron Crewe.

Col. St. John.

Duke of
Roxburghe.

Mr. Topham
Beauclerk.

Sir Charles
Coote.

Lord Hin-
chinbroke.

1765.

Henry St. John, Colonel in the Army ;
M.P. ; Groom of the Bedchamber;
a well-known social figure in his
day ; died 181 8.

John Ker, third Duke of Roxburghe,
born 1740 ; K.G., K.T., F.S.A., etc.;
Lord of the Bedchamber ; the well-
known antiquary and bibliophile;
died 1804.

Topham Beauclerk, born 1739; grand-
son of first Duke of St. Albans ; the
well-known wit, man of fashion, and
antiquary ; husband of Lady Diana
Beauclerk; died 1780.

Sir Charles Coote, Bart., born 1738 ;
natural son of Earl of Bellamont;
K.B., 1 764. ; succeeded his cousin as
Baron Colrony, 1766 ; created Earl of
Bellamont, 1767, and baronet 1774.;
died 1800.

John Montagu, Lord Hinchinbroke,
born 174!; eldest son of fourth Earl
of Sandwich, and succeeded his father,
175)2; died 1 8 14.

Earl of
Bellamont.

Earl of
Sandwich.

the Society of Dilettanti

x<$3

Mr. Langton.

Sir William
Boothby.

Mr. Crawford.

Sir Lawrence

Dundas.

Duke of Marl-
borough.

Duke of
Richmond.

Lord

Grosvenor.

Lord
Spencer.

Lord Palmer-
ston.

1765 {continued}.

Bennet Langton, born 1737; a well-
known member of polite and literary
society; friend of Dr. Johnson;
married the Countess of Rothes ;
died 1 80 1.

Sir William Boothby, Bart. ; suc-
ceeded his grandfather as fifth
baronet; Major-General in the
Army; died 1787.

(Re-elected.)

George Spencer, fourth Duke of
Marlborough, born 1739; succeeded
his father, 1758 ; Lord Chamberlain,
Lord Privy Seal; K.G., F.R.S.;
died 1 81 7.

Charles Lennox, third Duke of
Richmond and Lennox, born 1735;
succeeded his father, 1750; Colonel
of Horse Guards, Lord of the Bed-
chamber, Ambassador to Paris,
Secretary of State, Master-General
of the Ordnance ; K.G. ; died 1 806.

Richard, Baron Grosvenor, born
1 7 3 1 ; succeeded his father as
seventh baronet, 17??; M.P. ;
created Baron Grosvenor, 1761,
and Earl Grosvenor, 17 84-; died
i8oa.

John, Baron Spencer of Althorp,
born 1 734-; created Viscount Spencer,
1 761, and Earl Spencer, 176? ; died
1783.

Henry Temple, second Viscount
Palmerston, born 1739; succeeded
his father, 1757 ; travelled and
collected works of art and anti-
quities; M.P.; died i8oa.

Earl Grosvenor.

Earl Spencer.

x^4

List of Members of

Mr. Charles
Howard.

Mr. Southwell.

Col. Nugent.

Mr. Luke
Scrafton.

1765 (continued).

Charles Howard, born 17x0; son
of Henry Charles Howard of Grey-
stock, F.R.S., F.S.A.; succeeded his
cousin as Duke of Norfolk, 1777 ;
died 1786".

John George Southwell, born 17*1 5
officer in the Guards ; succeeded his
father as third Viscount Southwell,
17 66 ; died 1780.

Edmund Craggs-Nugent, born 173 15
son of first Earl Nugent; Lieu-
tenant - Colonel of Foot Guards ;
died 1771.

Luke Scrafton ; Director of East India
Company; Governor of Bengal;
drowned by shipwreck on his way to
India in 1 767.

DukeofNorfolk.

Viscount
Southwell.

Earl of
Ossory.

Lord Mount-
stuart.

Mr. Weddell.

Col. Ligonier.

1766.

John Fitzpatrick, second Earl of
Upper Ossory, born 1745"; married
to the divorced Duchess of Grafton ;
M.P., F.R.S.; died 1818.

John Stuart, Viscount Mountstuart,
born 1744; eldest son of Earl of
Bute; succeeded his mother as
Viscount Mountstuart, 1794, and his
father as fourth Earl of Bute, 1 791 ;
created Marquess of Bute, 1796;
died 1 8 14.

William Weddell, of Newby, co.
York, born 1736; M.P.; a well-
known amateur and patron of art ;
died 179a.

John Ligonier, born 1 740 ; succeeded
as second Viscount Ligonier, 1770;
created Earl Ligonier, 1776; a
distinguished General in the Army ;
F.R.S.; died 178a.

Earl of Upper
Ossory.

Marquess of
Bute.

Earl Ligonier.

the Society of "Dilettanti

16s

Mr. Reynolds.
LordFortrose.

Sir James
Porter.

Duke of
Buccleuch.

Mr. Fitz-
gerald.

Earl of
Carlisle.

Capt. Keith
Stewart.

Sir Sampson
Gideon.

/ Hon. John
Darner.

1766 {continued).

Sir Joshua Reynolds, born 17x3 ; the
eminent painter and President of
the Royal Academy ; died 1792.

Kenneth Mackenzie, born 1744;
grandson of the attainted Earl of
Seaforth; created Viscount Fortrose,
1766, and Earl of Seaforth, 1771;
died 1 78 1.

Sir James Porter, born 1710; Am-
bassador to the Ottoman Porte, 1 746-
1762, ; F.R.S. j died 1776.

1767.

Henry Scott, third Duke of
Buccleuch, born 1746; succeeded
his father, 175:1; K.G., K.T. ;
succeeded to dukedom of Queens-
bery, 1810$ died 181a.

George Robert Fitzgerald, born
1 748 (?) ; nephew of the Earl of
Bristol ; known as c Fighting Fitz-
gerald'; tried on a charge of murder,
and executed at Castlebar in Ireland,
1786.

Frederick Howard, fifth Earl of
Carlisle, born 1748 ; succeeded his
father, 1758; K.G., K.T. ; Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland ; died 1 Say.

Keith Stewart, third son of sixth
Earl of Galloway ; R.N. ; Admiral ;
died 1 795:.

Sir Sampson Gideon, Bart., born 1 744 ;
created a baronet, 1759; M.P.,
F.R.S. ; assumed name of Eardley,
1789; created Baron Eardley, 1785);
died 1814.

1768.

John Damer, eldest son of Lord Milton;
married Anne Seymour-Conway, the
sculptress; committed suicide, 1776".
(Did not accept election.)

Sir Joshua

Reynolds,

P.R.A.
Earl of Seaforth.

Baron Eardley.

z66

List of Members of

Earl Fitz-
william.

Hon. Charles
James Fox.

Hon. George
Hobart.

Mr. Mytton.
Lord Sydney.

Mr. Gregory.

Hon. Stephen
Fox.

Mr. Payne.

Mr. Charles
Howard,
jun.

1769.

William, second Earl Fitzwilliam,
born 174.8 ; succeeded his father,
1756; inherited estates of Marquess
of Rockingham ; Lord President of
the Council, Lord-Lieutenant of
Ireland; K.G. ; died 1853.

Charles James Fox, born 1749; third
son of first Baron Holland ; M.P. ;
the eminent statesman and orator ;
died 1806.

George Hobart, born ijzyC?^ younger
son of first Earl of Buckinghamshire ;
succeeded his brother as third earl,
1 793 ; one of the chief supporters of
the Haymarket opera house ; died
1804.

(Re-elected.)

Dudley Alexander Cosby, Baron
Sydney, born 1730 (?); Minister to
the Court of Denmark ; created
Baron Sydney of Leix, 1 768 ; died

1774.

Robert Gregory, of Coole Park,
Galway ; M.P. ; died 1810.

Stephen Fox, born 1 745 ; eldest son
of first Baron Holland ; succeeded his
father, 1774; Clerk of the Pells;
died 1774.

Ralph Payne, born 1735; Clerk of
the Household; M.P., K.B. ;
Governor of the Leeward Islands;
P.C. ; created Baron Lavington,
1795 ; died 1807.

Charles Howard, born 1 746 ; son of
Charles Howard, afterwards Duke
of Norfolk ; M.P. ; Lord of the
Treasury; styled Earl of Surrey,
1777-86; succeeded his father as
Duke of Norfolk, 1 7 86" ; died 1 8 1 5.

Earl of Bucking-
hamshire.

Baron Holland.

Baron

Lavington.

Duke of Norfolk.

the Society of "Dilettanti

t6n

Lord Robert
Spencer.

Mr. George
Selwyn.

Hon. Mr.
Fitzpatrick.

Lord

Stavordale.

Earl of
Rochfbrd.

Mr. Price.

Mr. Henry
Conway,
jun.

Colonel
Clements.

Duke of
Devon-
shire.

Mr. Wil-
braham.

1770.

Robert Spencer, third son of third
Duke of Marlborough; Commissioner
of Trade; died 1831.

George Augustus Selwyn, born 17 19 ;
the well-known wit ; Surveyor-Gene-
ral of the Land Revenue ; died 1 79 1 .

Richard Fitzpatrick, born 174.7 j
second son of first Earl of Upper
Ossory; M.P. ; Secretary at War;
General in the Army; a writer of
social and satirical verse ; died 181 3.

Henry Thomas Fox-Strangways,
born 174.7; eldest son of first Earl
of Ilchester; M.P. ; succeeded his
father, 1776"; died 1802.

William Henry Nassau de Zulestein,
fourth Earl of Rochford, born 171 7;
succeeded his father, 171 8; Am-
bassador to Paris and Madrid;
Secretary of State and Lord Justice
of the Realm; K.G. ; died 17 81.

Uvedale Price, born 174.7 ; friend of
Charles James Fox ; author of an
Essay on the Picturesque ; created
a baronet, i8a8 ; died i8ap.

Henry Seymour-Conway, second son
of first Earl of Hertford ; Clerk of
the Crown and Hanaper ; died 1830.

Henry Theophilus Clements, younger
brother of first Earl of Leitrim, born
1734. (?) ; Lieutenant-Colonel and
Paymaster-General in the Army ;
M.P., P.C.; died 1795.

William Cavendish, fifth Duke of
Devonshire, born 174.8 ; succeeded
his father, 1764.; Colonel in the
Army; Lord High Treasurer of
Ireland; K.G. ; married first Lady
Georgiana Spencer, second Lady
Elizabeth Foster ; died 1811.

George Wilbraham, of Nantwich and
Delamere, born 174.1; died 181 3.

Earl of Ilchester.

Sir Uvedale
Price, Bart.

i68

Mr. Fitz-
herbert.

Mr. Hanger.

Mr. William
Hanger.

Mr. Ascough.

Mr. Arthur
Freeman.

Lord

Melbourne.

Lieut.-Col.
Burgoyne.

Lord
Petersham.

List of Members of

1770 {continued).

Alleyne Fitzherbert, born 175*3 ;
Ambassador to Paris, St. Petersburg,
the Hague, and Madrid; G.C.H.,
F.S.A., etc.; created Baron St.
Helen's, 1801; died 1839.

John Hanger, born 174.3 ; elder son
of first Baron Coleraine ; succeeded
his father, 1773 ; died 1794.

William Hanger, born 1 744 ; younger
son of first Baron Coleraine ; M.P. ;
succeeded his brother as third Baron
Coleraine, 1794.; died 18 14.

George Edward Ayscough ; son of
Dean of Bristol and nephew of Lord
Lyttelton ; Captain in the Guards;
author of Semiramis, a drama pro-
duced at Drury Lane; died 1779.

1771.

Arthur Freeman, of the Island of
Antigua ; married daughter of Sir
George Thomas, of Ratton.

1772.

Peniston Lamb, first Baron Melbourne,
born 1 740; son of Sir Matthew Lamb,
Bart. ; created Baron Melbourne,
1770, and Viscount Melbourne,
1 781; Lord of the Bedchamber;
died 1828.

John Burgoyne, born i74o(?); eldest
son of sixth baronet; Colonel
of Dragoons, Lieutenant-General ;
succeeded his father as seventh
baronet, 1780; died 1785'.

Charles Stanhope, Lord Petersham,
born 175:3; eldest son of second
Earl of Harrington ; M.P. ;
succeeded his father as third earl,
1 799 ; General in the Army, Colonel
of 1st Life Guards and Commander-
in-Chief in Ireland ; G.C.H. ; died
1 819.

Baron St.
Helen's.

Baron Coleraine
Baron Coleraine

Viscount
Melbourne.

Sir John
Burgoyne,
Bart.

Earl of

Harrington.

the Society of "Dilettanti

z6<)

Mr. Luke
Gardener.

Lord Charle-
mont.

Mr. Joseph
Banks.

Marquess
of Car-
marthen.

Hon. Mr.
Greville.

1773.

Luke Gardiner, born 1 745 ; M.P. ;
created Baron Mountjoy, 1789, and
Viscount Mountjoy, 1705 ; killed at
the batttle of Ross in Ireland, 1798.

(Re-elected.)

1774.

Sir Joseph Banks, born 1744.; son of
William Banks, of Revesby Abbey ;
celebrated as a traveller and
naturalist j President of the Royal
Society; Secretary to the Society,
1778-97; created a baronet 1781 ;
K.B.; died i8ao.

Francis Godolphin-Osborne, Mar-
quess of Carmarthen, born 175*1 ;
eldest son of fourth Duke of Leeds ;
M.P.; succeeded his father as
fifth duke, 1789; Ambassador to
Paris and Foreign Secretary ; K.G.,
F.R.S. ; married to Amelia, Baroness
Conyers, heiress of the Earl of
Holdernesse, who eloped with
Colonel Byron; died 1799.

Charles Francis Greville, born 1 749 ;
second son of first Earl of Warwick ;
M.P.; a well-known amateur and
man of fashion ; F.R.S.; died 1809.

Viscount
Mountjoy.

Sir Joseph Banks,
P.R.S.

Duke of Leeds.

Hon. Capt.
Phipps.

Sir Sampson
Gideon.

1775.

Constantine John Phipps, born 174.4;
eldest son of first Lord Mulgrave
(Ireland); R.N. ; in 1773 com-
manded the Racehorse on a voyage
to the Arctic seas; succeeded his
father, 1775"; M.P.; Paymaster-
General; created Baron Mulgrave
(England), 1790; F.R.S. ; died 1791.

(Re-elected).

Baron Mulgrave.

^7D

x7o

List of Members of

Mr. Smyth.

Sir W. W.
Wynn,
Bart.

Earl of
Sandwich.

1775 (continued}.

John Smyth, of Heath Hall, Yorkshire,
born 1748; M.P.; Lord of the
Admiralty and Master of the Mint ;
P.C.; died i8iz.

Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, Bart.,
of Wynnstay, born 1 74? (?) ; succeeded
his father as fourth baronet, 1 749 ;
M.P., F.R.S.;died 1789.

(Re-elected.)

Mr. Spencer -
Stanhope.

Mr. John
Taylor.

Mr. Harvey.
Mr. Pierse.

Duke of
Dorset.

Mr. Bennett.

Lord Guern-
sey.

1776.

Walter Spencer-Stanhope, of Hors-
forth and Cannon Hall, Yorkshire,
born 1749; M.P.j died i8zi.

John Taylor, of Lyssons, Jamaica;
created a baronet, 1 778 ; died
1788.

Henry Peirse, of Bedale, Yorkshire,
born 1754; M.P. ; died 18^4.

John Frederick Sackville, third Duke
of Dorset, born 1 745: ; grandson of
first duke; M.P. ; succeeded his
uncle as third duke, 1 769 ; Am-
bassador to Paris; Lord Steward of
the Household ; K.G. ; died 1799.

Henry Astley Bennet, third son of
third Earl of Tankerville ; General
in the Army ; died 181 J.

Heneage Finch, Lord Guernsey, born
175-1; eldest son of third Earl of
Aylesford; Lord Steward of the
Household, and Captain of the
Yeomen of the Guard; succeeded his
father as fourth earl ; F.R.S. ; died
181a.

Sir John Taylor,
Bart.

Earl of Aylesford.

the Society of "Dilettanti

17 r

Capt. Wal-
singham.

Mr. Earle.
Mr. Brand.

Mr. George
Pitt, jun.

LordMonson.

Mr. Richard
Thompson.

Mr. S. Payne-
Gallwey.

1776 {continued},

Robert Boyle- Walsingham, born
1736; fifth son of first Earl of
Shannon; R.N. ; drowned in H.M.S.
Thunderer^ 1780 ; married to daughter
of Sir Charles Hanbury Williams.

George Earle.

Thomas Brand, of the Hoo, Herts 5
married heiress of eighteenth Lord
Dacre; died 1794.

George Pitt, of Strathfieldsaye, born
175-1 ; M.P. ; succeeded his father
as second Baron Rivers, 1803 ; died
i8a8.

John, third Lord Monson, born 1753 •
succeeded his father, 1774. • Recorder
of the City of London; died 1806".

Richard Thompson, of Escrick Park,
Yorkshire, born 1 745- ; died 1 820.

Stephen Payne-Gallwey, born 1750;
son of Ralph Payne, of Tofts Hall,
Norfolk; assumed name of Gallwey.

Baron Rivers.

Sir William
Hamilton.

Mr. Dance.

Mr. Charlton
Leighton.

Captain
Gardner.

1777.

Sir William Hamilton, born 1730;
Ambassador to Naples; distinguished
as an antiquary and man of learning;
K.B.; died 1803.

Nathaniel Dance, born 1735; Royal
Academician and portrait painter;
assumed name of Holland and created
a baronet, 1800; M.P. ; died 18 n.

Charlton Leighton, eldest son of
third baronet; succeeded his father,
1780; M.P.; died 1784.

Alan Gardner, born 1741; R.N. ;
served under Lord Howe on the
First of June, 1794; M.P.; Lord of
the Admiralty ; Admiral and Com-
mander of the Channel Fleet; created
a baronet, and Baron Gardner,
1806; died 1 8 19.

Sir Nathaniel
Dance-
Holland, Bart.

Sir Charlton

Leighton,

Bart.
Baron Gardner.

X7X

List of Members of

Mr. B.
Langlois.

Sir George
Shuckburgh.

Lord Chester-
field.

Mr. Garrick.

1777 {continued).

Benjamin Langlois, born 1727;
Secretary to Embassy at Vienna;
M.P. ; Under-Secretary of State and
Storekeeper of the Ordnance ; died
1803.

Sir George Augustus William Shuck-
burgh, sixth baronet; succeeded
his uncle, 1773; distinguished for
his philosophical researches; M.P.,
F.R.S.; died 1804.

Philip Stanhope, fifth Earl of Chester-
field, born 175^; succeeded his
cousin, 1773 ; Master of the Horse;
Ambassador to Spain ; K.G. ; died
1815.

David Garrick, born 1717; the
famous actor; died 1779.

1778.

Marquess of Charles Manners, Marquess of Granby,
Granby. born 17^4; succeeded his father,

1770, and his grandfather as fourth
Duke of Rutland, 1779; M.P.; Lord
Steward of the Household, Lord
Privy Seal; Viceroy of Ireland;
K.G.; died 1787.

Hon. John John Dawson, born 1744; eldest son

Dawson. of first Viscount Carlow; M.P. ;

succeeded his father, 1779; created

Earl of Portarlington, 1785: ; married

daughter of Earl of Bute ; died 175)8.

Sir Richard Sir Richard Worsley, Bart., of Appul-
Worsley. durcombe, born 17 51; succeeded

as seventh baronet, 1768; British
Resident at Venice; travelled in
Greece, Asia Minor, and Italy, and
formed an important collection of
ancient marbles, published as the
Museum Worsley anum in 1794, and
now at Brocklesby Park; M.P.,F.R.S.;
died 1805-.

DukeofRutland.

Earl of
Portarlington.

the Society of Dilettanti

X73

Mr. George
Colman.

Mr. Fortescue.

1778 (continued).

George Colman, born 1732,; the
eminent dramatist; died 1794.

Hugh Fortescue, born 175-3 - eldest
son of second Baron Fortescue;
M.P.; created Earl Fortescue, 1789;
F.S.A.; died 1841.

ib*

Earl Fortescue.

Mr. Osborne.

Mr. Peachey.

Sir Edward
Swinburne.

Mr. Lewin
Smith.

Marquess of
Graham.

Mr. Joseph
Windham.

Viscount
Went-
worth.

Judge Thomas
Potter.

1779.

John Osborn, born 1743 ; second son
of SirDanversOsborn, Bart.; Minister
to Dresden ; M.P.

John Peachey, born 1745 ; only son of
first Baron Selsey; M.P.; succeeded
his father, 1808 ; died 1816.

Sir Edward Swinburne, Bart., born
1733 ; younger son of third baronet;
succeeded his brother as fifth baronet,
1763 ; died 1 7 86.

John Lewin Smith.

James Graham, Marquess of Graham,
born 175-5: ; eldest son of third Duke
of Montrose; M.P. ; Vice-President
of the Board of Trade; succeeded
his father, 1790; Master of the
Horse, Lord Chamberlain; K.G. ;
died 1836.

Joseph Windham, of Felbrigg and Ears-
ham, Norfolk, born 1739; traveller,
scholar, and amateur ; F.R.S., F.S.A.;
died 1810.

1780.

Thomas Noel, second Viscount Went-
worth, born 1745*; only son of first
viscount, and succeeded 1774 ; M.P.;
Lord of the Bedchamber; died 1815-.

Baron Selsey.

Duke of
Montrose.

Thomas Potter; son of
Potter, wit and politician.

Thomas

X74

List of Members of

Mr. John
Campbell.

Mr. Brown.

1780 (continued}.

John Campbell, of C alder, born 175-5 (?)•
M.P.; created Baron Cawdor, 1796 ;
F.R.S., F.S.A. j died 1821.

Lancelot Brown, born 1749 ; M.P.;
son of 'Capability Brown'; died i8ox.

Baron Cawdor.

Lord Caith-
ness.

Sir G. Onesi-
phorusPaul.

Mr. Charles
Gore.

Mr. Payne
Knight.

Sir Henry C.
Englefield.

Mr. Francis
Mackenzie.

1781.

John Sinclair, eleventh Earl of Caith-
ness, born 1757; succeeded his
father, 1775); died 1785?.

Sir George Onesiphorus Paul, Bart.,
born 174.6"; succeeded as second
baronet, 1774.; died 18x0.

Charles GoRE,of Horksted, Yorkshire;
lived many years in Florence, and
travelled in Sicily with R. Payne
Knight and J. Philipp Hackert in
1777, of which Goethe afterwards
published the diary; resided some
years at Weimar as a friend of
Goethe; died 1807.

Richard Payne Knight, of Downton,
Herefordshire, born i75'o; resided
in Italy for several years; distin-
guished as an amateur and antiquary;
M.P. ; bequeathed his collections to
the British Museum; died 1824.

Sir Henry Charles Englefield, Bart.,
born 175^; succeeded his father,
1780; distinguished as an antiquary
and man of science; President of
the Society of Antiquaries; Secretary
to the Society, 1808-18 2a; died
182a.

1782.

Francis Humberston Mackenzie, born
175-4; M.P.; Lieutenant-General in
the Army ; Governor of Barbadoes ;
created Baron Seaforth, 175)7; F.R.S.;
died 18 1 5".

Baron Seaforth.

the Society of Dilettanti

ins

Mr. Johnnes.

1783.

THOMAsJoHNEs,ofLlanvairclydogauand
Hafod, born 1 748 ; M.P. ; printer
and antiquary; died 1816.

Sir George
Beaumont.

1784.

Sir George Howland Beaumont, Bart.,
born 175:8 ; succeeded his father as
seventh baronet, I7<5"a; the eminent
amateur and collector; died 1817.

Mr. Bowles.
Mr. Ellis.

1785.

Oldfield Bowles, of North Aston, co.
Oxford, born 1740; died 18 to.

John Thomas Ellis, of Wyddial, born
1756"; M.P.; died 1836'.

Mr. Metcalfe.

Mr. Knight.

Mr. Sylvester
Douglas.

Mr. Townley.

1786.

Philip Metcalfe, born 1733 ; younger
son of Roger Metcalfe, of Hawstead,
Suffolk; M.P.,F.R.S.,F.S.A.; friend
and executor of Sir Joshua Reynolds ;
amateur and scholar; Treasurer to
the Society, 1794; died 18 18.

Edward Knight, of Wolverley, Wor-
cestershire; born 1734; first cousin to
Richard Payne Knight; died i8iz.

Sylvester Douglas, born 1743 ; M.P.;
Chief Secretary for Ireland; Pay-
master-General, Surveyor-General of
Woods and Forests; F.R.S.; created
Baron Glenbervie, 1800; married
a daughter of Lord North; died
18x3.

Charles Townley (or Towneley), of
Towneley,borni737; F.R.S.,F.S.A.;
the eminent collector of marbles and
antiquities, which he bequeathed to
the British Museum.
t a

Baron
Glenbervie.

X76

List of Members of

Mr. Roger
Wilbraham.

Mr. Henry
Crathorne.

Mr. James
Dawkins.

Mr. Cous-
maker.

Mr. Crache-
rode.

Mr.Symmons.

Mr. Charles

W.Herbert.
Col. Mitford.

Dr. Ash.

Mr. William
Parsons.

Mr.Christian.

1786 {continued).

Roger Wilbraham, born 1750; younger
son of Roger Wilbraham, of Nant-
wich; collector of pictures and books;
M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 183d.

Henry Crathorne ; F.R.vS. ; died
*797'

1787.

James Dawkins, of Over Norton,
Oxford, born 1760; nephew of the
explorer ; M.P. ; assumed name of
Colyear; died 1843.

George Kein Hayward Coussmaker;
M.P. ; Colonel in the Army ;
married daughter of Lord Clifford ;
died 1 80 1.

Rev.ClaytonMordatjnt Cracherode,
born 1730; the eminent collector of
books and engravings, which he
bequeathed to the British Museum;
F.R.S., F.S.A.; died iy99. (Pro-
posed by the Society.)

John Symmons.

Charles W. Herbert.

William Mitford, of Exbury, Hants,
born 1744; Colonel in the Militia;
author of the History of Greece ; M.P.,
F.S.A.; died 1%VJ,

John Ash, born 17x3; M.D., F.R.S. ;
founder of the Eumelian Society;
died 1798.

1788.

William Parsons, F.R.S. ; poet and
member of the 'Delia Cruscan'
Society ; joint author of The Florence
Miscellany.

John Christian, of Milata and Ewan-
rigg ; M.P. ; assumed name of
Curwen; died i8ap.

the Society of "Dilettanti

X77

1788 {continued}.

Mr. Wood. Robert Wood, son of Robert Wood, the

explorer of Palmyra ; M.P., F.R.S.
Mr. Smith- James Hugh Smith-Barry, of Marbury

Barry. Hall, born 174.6 • died 1801.

Mr. Winning- Edward Winnington, born 1749;
ton. succeeded as second baronet; F.R.S.;

died 1805-.

1789.

Mr. Brodie. Alexander Brodie, of Madras, born
1728 ; third son of James Brodie, of
Spynie; M.P. ; died 1812.

Mr. Petty- Roger Pettiward, of Great Finborough,

ward. Suffolk ; son of Roger Mortlock,

D.D., afterwards Pettiward ; F.S. A. ;
Master of the Stationers' Company ;
died 1835.

Sir James Sir James St. Clair Erskine, born

Erskine. ^l^h succeeded as sixth baronet,

1 76?; General in the Army; suc-
ceeded his uncle as second Earl of
Rosslyn, 1805; died 1837.

Sir Abraham Sir Abraham Hume, Bart., born 1 749 ;
Hume. M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A. ; a well-known

amateur and collector; died 1838.

Sir Edward
Winnington,
Bart.

Earl of Rosslyn.

1790.

Mr. Fred. Frederick North, born 17 66 ; third

North. son of second Earl of Guilford ; M.P.;

Comptroller of the Customs of Lon-
don; G.C.M.G., F.R.S. ; succeeded
his brother as fifth Earl, 1817;
died 18x7.

Mr. Philip Philip Yorke, born 1757 ; son of Lord

Yorke. Chancellor Charles Yorke; suc-

ceeded his uncle as third Earl of
Hardwicke, 1790; Viceroy of Ireland;
K.G., F.R.S., F.S.A. ; died 1834.

Mr. G. George Pocock, born 1765 ; M.P.,

Pocock. F.R.S. ; created a baronet, 1821;

died 1840.

Earl of Guilford.

Earl of

Hardwicke.

Sir George
Pocock, Bart.

X78

List of Members of

Mr. Dundas.

Mr. Bury.
Mr. Stanley.

Mr. Roger
Palmer.

Mr. Cur wen.

Mr. Ellis.

Mr. A. M.
Storer.

Earl of
Wycombe.

I79° {continued}.

Lawrence Dundas, born i y66 ; eldest
son of first Baron Dundas; succeeded
his father, 1810; created Earl of
Zetland, 1838; died 1839.

Charles William Bury, born 1764;
F.R.S.,F.S.A.; created Baron Charle-
ville, 1806"; died 1835*.

John Thomas Stanley, born ij66 ;
M.P.; succeeded as seventh baronet ;
created Baron Stanley of Alderley,
1839; F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1850.

John Roger Palmer; succeeded his
father as second baronet ; died 181 9.

John Christian Curwen (re-elected).

(Re-elected.)

Anthony Morris Storer, of Purley,
born 174a; M.P. ; Minister Pleni-
potentiary to Paris ; bibliophile, and
bequeathed his library to Eton Col-
lege; died 1799.

John Henry Petty, Earl of Wycombe,
born 176?; M.P.; succeeded his
father as second Marquess of Lans-
downe, 1805; died 1805).

Earl of Zetland.

Baron Charle-
ville.

Baron Stanley of
Alderley.

Sir John Roger
Palmer, Bart.

Marquess of
Lansdowne.

Sir Richard
Worsley.

Mr. Andrew
Barnard.

Marquess of
Abercorn.

(Re-elected.)

1791.

Andrew Francis Barnard, born 1773;
General in the Army ; distinguished
in the Peninsular War; G.C.H.,
1834; G.C.B., 1840; Equerry to
George IV, and Clerk Marshal to
Queen Adelaide; died 1855.

John James Hamilton, first Marquess
of Abercorn, born 1756"; succeeded
his uncle as ninth Earl of Abercorn,
1785); created Marquess, 1790; K.G.;
died 1818.

Sir Andrew
Barnard, G.C.B.

the Society of Dilettanti

2-79

Sir Richard
Colt Hoare.

Mr. Thomas
Lawrence.

Lord Eardley.

Mr. William
Sotheby.

Mr. Charles
Long.

Mr. Benjamin
West.

Mr. Walpole.

1792.

Sir Richard Colt Hoare, Bart., born
17^8 ; succeeded as second baronet,
1787 ; the eminent traveller and
antiquary; F.R.S.,F.S.A.; died 1838.

Thomas Lawrence, born 1769 ; the
eminent portrait painter and Presi-
dent of the Royal Academy; Secretary
to the Society, 1822-29; knighted,
1817; died 1830.

Sampson Gideon, Lord Eardley. (Re-
elected.)

William Sotheby, born 1757; officer
in the Army; author of various poems
and translations of Homer, Virgil,
etc.; F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1833.

Charles Long, born 1760; son of
Beeston Long, of Carshalton, Surrey ;
M.P.; Paymaster-General ; G.C.B.;
created Baron Farnborough, 1826;
a well-known amateur and patron
of art ; died 1838.

Benjamin West, born 1738 in Penn-
sylvania; the eminent painter; Presi-
dent of the Royal Academy, 1792;
died 1820.

Thomas Walpole, of Stagbury, born
1755; Minister to the Court of
Bavaria ; died 1 84.0.

Sir Thomas
Lawrence,
P.R.A.

Baron
Farnborough.

Sir William
Young.

Mr. Tighe.

Sir Henry
Gough
Calthorpe.

1793.

Sir William Young, Bart., born 1742 ;
succeeded his father as second
baronet, 1788; M.P., F.R.S.; Gover-
nor of Tobago; died 1811.

Robert Stearne Tighe, of Mitchels-
town, born 1760; F.R.S.; died 1835.

Sir Henry Gough Calthorpe, Bart.,

born

i7+5>

succeeded his father as

second baronet, 1774; assumed name
of Calthorpe, 1788; M.P. ; created
Baron Calthorpe, 1796; died 1798.

Baron Calthorpe.

x8o

List of Members of

Colonel
Fullarton.

Lord Eardley.

Mr. Robert
Chester.

1794.

William Fullarton, of Fullarton,
born 1754 ; M.P.; Colonel and after-
wards General in the Army; raised
Fullarton's horse for the war in Spain;
Commander-in-Chief in India ; Go-
vernor of Trinidad; died 1808.

(Re-elected.)

Robert Chester, of Bush Hall, Herts.,
born 1768; Master of the Ceremonies.

Sir Robert
Chester.

Sir Robert
Ainslie.

Mr. Hugh
Scott.

Mr. Pole
Carew.

Mr. Womb-
well.

Mr.Symmons.
Mr. Mathew.

1795-

Sir Robert Ainslie, born 1730 (?);
Ambassador to the Ottoman Porte ;
M.P. ; a well-known collector of
coins and other antiquities ; created
a baronet, 1804.; died 181 z.

Hugh Scott, born 175:8; M.P. ; as-
sumed name of Hepburne; succeeded
his mother as Baron Polwarth, 1 83 5 ;
died 1 84.1.

Reginald Pole Carew, of Antony,
Cornwall, born 175"!; M.P. ; Com-
missioner of Trade ; P.C., F.R.S. ;
died 1 83 5*.

1796.

George Wombwell, born 1 j6y ; suc-
ceeded as second baronet ; died
184^.

(Re-elected.)

Francis James Mathew, born 1768 ;
eldest son of first Earl of LlandafF;
M.P. ; succeeded his father as second
earl, 1806; died 1833.

Sir Robert
Ainslie, Bart.

Baron Polwarth.

Sir George
Wombwell,
Bart.

Earl of LlandafF.

Sir John
Throck-
morton.

1797.

Sir John Courtenay Throckmorton,
born 175*3 j succeeded his grandfather
as fifth baronet, 1791 ; died 18 19.

the Society of Dilettanti

181

Mr. Champer-
nowne.

Hon. William
R. Spencer.

Mr. Brian
Edwards.

Mr. John
Hawkins.

Mr. J. B. S.
Morritt.

Duke of
Somerset.

1798 {continued).

Arthur Champernowne, born 1769;
son of Rev. Richard Harington, of
Dartington, Devon; assumed name
of Champernowne ; M.P. ; a well-
known collector of pictures; died
1819.

1799.

William Robert Spencer, born 1769;
second son of Lord Charles Spencer,
grandson of third Duke of Marl-
borough ; Commissioner of Stamps ;
well known as a wit and poet of
society ; died 1834.

Bryan Edwards, F.R.S., born 1743 ;
author of a history of the West
Indies; M.P.; died 1800.

John Hawkins, of Bignor Park, born
175:8 (?); traveller and collector of
antiquities; F.R.S. ; died 1841.

John Bacon Sawrey Morritt, of Roke-
by,born 1772- (?); travelled in Greece
and Asia Minor ; M.P. ; friend of
Sir Walter Scott; died 1843.

Edward Adolphus Seymour, Duke of
Somerset, born 1775"; succeeded his
father, 1793 ; President of the Lin-
nean Society and the Royal Institu-
tion; K.G., F.R.S. ; died 18 5" 5".

Mr. W.
Drummond.

Hon. John
Trevor.

1800.

William Drummond, born 1770 (?) ;
Minister at Naples and Ambassador
to the Ottoman Porte ; author of
Odin, a poem, and various archaeo-
logical works ; F.R.S.; died 1828.

John Trevor, born 1749; younger
son of Viscount Hampden; Minister
to Diet of Ratisbon and to Court
of Sardinia ; succeeded as third Vis-
count Hampden ; died 1818.

Sir William
Drummond.

Viscount
Hampden.

x8x

List of Members of

Mr. Willet.

Mr. Thomas
Hope.

Mr. Strickland
Freeman.

Mr. Henry
Hope.

Lord John
Town-
shend.

Lord

Morpeth.

Lord

Northwick.

Marquess of
Douglas.

1800 {continued).

John Willett Adye, of Merlye, born
1744- assumed name of Willett;
M.P., F.S.A.; died 181 y.

Thomas Hope, of Deepdene, born
1770 (?); travelled in the East;
amateur and collector; author of
Anastasius-j F.R.S., F.S.A.; died
1831.

1801.

Strickland Freeman, of Fawley Court ;
born 1774.; died 1811.

Henry Hope, born 1736"; banker at
Amsterdam and London ; D.C.L. ;
died 1 81 1.

John Townshend, of Balls Park, Herts,
born 1757; younger son of first
Marquess Townshend; M.P. ; Pay-
master-General ; wit and poet ; died
1833.

1802.

George Howard, Viscount Morpeth,
born 1773 ; eldest son of fifth Earl
of Carlisle ; M.P. ; succeeded his
father, 1815; Lord Privy Seal ; K.G.;
died 18+8.

John Rushotjt, first Baron Northwick,
born 1738; succeeded as fifth baronet,
1773; M.P. ; created Baron North-
wick, 1797; an eminent collector of
pictures and works of art ; died 1800.

1803.

Alexander Hamilton, Marquess of
Douglas, born 1767; eldest son of
ninth Duke of Hamilton; M.P.;
succeeded his father as tenth Duke
of Hamilton and Brandon, 1 8 1 9 ;
Ambassador to the Court of Russia ;
Lord High Steward; K.G. ; an
eminent collector of pictures, MSS.,
etc.; died 185-2.

Earl of Carlisle.

Duke of

Hamilton.

the Society of "Dilettanti

t8l

Col. Turner.

Mr. W.

Maddox.

Sir John Coxe
Hippisley.

Earl Cowper.

Lord Bor-
ringdon.

Mr. John
Towneley.

Mr. Charles
Watkin
Williams-
Wynn.

Mr. Samuel
Rogers.

Earl of
Aberdeen.

1804.

TOMKYNS HlLGROVE TURNER j Colonel

and afterwards Major-General in the
Army; F.R.S.; G.C.H. ; Lieut.-
Governor of Jersey 3 died 1843.

William Alexander Madocks, of
Tremadoc, born 1774; philanthro-
pist- M.P.; died 1828.

Sir John Coxe Hippisley, first baronet,
born 174.8 ; resided some time in
Italy ; M.P.; created a baronet,
1 j 96 ; Manager of the British In-
stitution ; F.R.S. ; died 182.5".

1805.

Peter Leopold Nassau, .fifth Earl
Cowper, born 1778; younger son
of third Earl Cowper; succeeded
his brother, 1799; F.R.S.; died
1837.

John Parker, second Baron Boringdon,
born 177a; succeeded his father,
1788 ; created Earl of Morley, 18 15;
F.R.S. ; died 1840.

John Towneley, of Towneley, born
1731; F.R.S.; died 1813.

Charles Watkin Williams- Wynn,
born 1775; second son of Sir
Watkin Williams- Wynn, Bart. ;
M.P. ; Chancellor of the Duchy of
Lancaster and Secretary at War;
F.S.A.; died 185:0.

Samuel Rogers, born 1761; the
eminent poet ; collector of pictures
and works of art; F.R.S.; died 185:5'.

George Hamilton-Gordon, fourth Earl
of Aberdeen, born 1784; travelled
in Greece and collected antiquities;
statesman, diplomatist, and scholar ;
Foreign Secretary, Secretary at War,
and Prime Minister; died i860.

Sir Hilgrove
Turner, G.C.H.

Earl of Morley.

^<H>

x84

List of Members of

1805 [continued^

Lord Hugh Fortescue, Viscount Ebrington,

Ebrington. born 1783; eldest son of first Earl

Fortescue ; M.P. • succeeded his
father, 184.1; Lord Steward, Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland • K.G. j died
i8tfi.

1806.

Dr. Charles Charles Burney, born 17 ztfj theemi-
Burney. nent musician and author ; F.R.S. ;

died 1814..

Mr. Charles Charles H anbury Tracy, of Todding-
Hanbury ton, born 1778; son of John Hanbury,

Tracy. of Pontypoolj assumed name of

Tracy; created Baron Sudeley,i838;

died 1858.

Sir Watkin Sir Watkin Williams- Wynn, Bart.,
Williams- born 1771; succeeded his father as

Wynn. fifth baronet, 1789; M.P. ; died

1840.

1807.

Hon. Henry Henry Grey Bennet, born 1777;
Bennett. second son of fourth Earl of Tanker-

ville; died 183d.

Lord Charle- Charles William Bury, Baron
ville. Charleville (re-elected).

Mr. Henry Henry Philip Hope, younger brother

Philip of Thomas Hope ; banker and col-

Hope, lector of works of art ; died 183 9.

Mr. William William Gell, born 1777; son of
Gell. Philip Gell, of Hopton ; knighted for

his services in the Ionian Islands,
1803; travelled in Greece, the East
and Italy, and on the Ionian Ex-
pedition ; resided latterly at Naples ;
F.R.S. ; died 183d.

Mr. Spalding. John Spalding, of Holm, born 1763 ;
M.P., F.R.S. ; died 1815- .

Earl Fortescue.

Baron Sudeley.

Sir William Gell.

the Society of Dilettanti

i8y

Mr. William
Dickenson.

Mr. Frederick
Foster.

Mr. William
Wilkins.

Earl of
Dunmore.

1808.

William Dickinson, of King's Weston,
Somerset ; born 1771 ; M.P. ; Lord
Commissioner of the Admiralty;
died 1837.

1809.

Frederick Foster, of Dunleer, born
1777; elder son of John Thomas
and Lady Elizabeth Foster; M.P.

William Wilkins, born 1778; archi-
tect, Royal Academician, and author;
died 1839.

1810.

George MuRRAY,fifth Earl of Dunmore,
born 1762 ; M.P. ; succeeded his
father, 1809; died 18 36.

Mr. W. R.

Hamilton.

Mr. Foster
Cunliffe.

1811.

William Richard Hamilton, born
1777 ; son of Rev. Anthony Hamil-
ton, Archdeacon of Colchester;
Secretary to the Earl of Elgin in
Greece ; M.P. ; Under-Secretary of
State for Foreign Affairs; Minister
to the Court of Naples, 1822-4;
Secretary to the Society, 1830-79;
F.R.S.; died 1879.

Foster Cunliffe, born 1782; eldest son
of Sir Foster Cunliffe, third baronet ;
assumed name of Offley; died 1832.

Col. William
Sotheby.

Mr. Peregrine
Towneley.

1812.

William Sotheby, born 1781 ; son of
William Sotheby the poet ; Colonel
in the Army; died 1815".

Peregrine Towneley, of Towneley,
born 1762; F.R.S.; died 184.6.

z%6

List of Members of

Mr. Henry
Drum-
mond.

Mr. William
Fitzhugh.

Mr. Edward
Davenport.

Major Leake.

Mr. H. C.
Howard.

Lord

Ebrington.

Mr. John
Hookham
Frere.

Marquess of
Stafford.

1812.

Henry Drummond, of the Grange,
Hampshire, born 1785; banker;
M.P., F.S.A.; died i%6o.

William Fitzhugh, of Millbrook,
Southampton ; M.P.

1814.

Edward Davenport [? Edward Davies
Davenport, of Capesthorne, born
1778 ; died 184.7].

William Martin Leake, born 1777;
Major and afterwards Colonel of
Royal Artillery ; travelled in Greece,
Turkey, and the East ; collector of
coins and antiquities, and author ;
F.R.S.; died i860.

1815.

Henry Charles Howard, born 1791 ;
only son of Bernard Howard, after-
wards Duke of Norfolk; M.P.,
F.R.S.; Treasurer of the Household ;
succeeded his father as Duke of
Norfolk, 1841; K.G.; Master of the
Horse and Lord High Steward;
died 185:6.

(Re-elected.)

John Hookham Frere, of Roydon
Hall, born 1769 ; M.P. ; Minister to
Lisbon and Ambassador to Madrid ;
author and antiquary; P.C.; died
184.6.

George Granville Leveson-Gower,
born 175-8 ; second son of second
Earl Gower ; M.P. ; married to
Countessof Sunderland; Ambassador
to Paris, 1790-92, as Earl Gower;
succeeded his father as Marquess of
Stafford, 1803 ; created Duke of
Sutherland, 1835 ; K.G. ; died 1833.

Duke of Norfolk.

Duke of
Sutherland.

the Society of "Dilettanti

x87

Mr. Richard
Heber.

Marquess of
Lansdowne.

Earl of
Charlemont.

1815 {continued).

Richard Heber, of Hodnet, born
1773 ; M.P. ; scholar and bibliophile;
died 1833.

Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, third Mar-
quess of Lansdowne, born 1780;
M.P. ; succeeded as Earl of Kerry,
and as Marquess, 1 809 ; Home Sec-
retary, Lord President of the Council;
K.G., F.R.S.; died 1863.

Francis William Caulfeild, second

Earl of Charlemont, born
K.P.; died 1863.

J77T

Mr. Francis
Horner.

Col. Legh.

1816.

Francis Horner, born 1778; M.P.;
statesman and political economist ;
died 1 817.

Thomas Legh, of Lyme, born 1814.;
M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1857.

Mr. Richard
West-
macott.

Sir John E.
Swinburne.

Mr. Dundas.

Mr. J. N.
Fazakerly.

Mr. Gaily
Knight.

1817.

Richard Westmacott, born 1775";
sculptor and Royal Academician ;
knighted 1837; died 1856.

Sir John Edward Swinburne, Bart.,
born 1762; succeeded as sixth
baronet, 1786- F.R.S., F.S. A. ; died
i860.

Thomas Dundas, born 179?; eldest
son of first Earl of Zetland; succeeded
his father, 1839; K.T. ; died 1873.

John Nicholas Fazakerly, of Stodley,
Devon, and Burwood Park, Surrey,
born 1787; M.P. ; traveller and
antiquary; died 1852.

Henry Gally Knight, born 1786;
traveller, antiquary, and author;
M.P., F.R.S. ; assumed name of
Knight ; died 1 846".

Sir Richard
Westmacott,
R.A.

Earl of Zetland.

x88

List of Members of

Mr. Charles
Standish.

1817 {continued).

Charles Standish, of Standish Hall,
born 1790 ; son of Thomas Strick-
land, of Sizergh • assumed name of
Standish; died 1863.

1818.

Earl of Archibald John Primrose, fourth Earl

Rosebery. of Rosebery, born 1783; M.P. ;

succeeded his father, 18 14; K.T.,
F.R.S.; died 1M6.

1819.

Mr. Henry Henry Hall am, born 1777; the

Hallam. eminent historian ; F.R.S., F.S. A. ;

died iS^p.

Hon. Robert Robert Henry Clive, of Oakley, born
Clive. 1785) ^ second son of first Earl of

Powis ; M.P. ; married to Baroness
Windsor; died 1854.

Duke of John Russell, sixth Duke of Bedford,

Bedford. born 1766'; M.P. ; succeeded his

father, i8oa; Lord- Lieutenant of
Ireland; K.G. ; died 183 9.

1821.

Hon. William William Ponsonby, born 1787; third
Ponsonby. son of third Earl of Bessborough ;

M.P., F.R.S.; created Baron de
Mauley, 1838; died 185-5*.

Mr. William William John Bankes, of Kingston
J. Bankes. Lacy, born 1786 (?); M.P.; died

1855.

Hon. G. A. George James Welbore Agar-Ellis,
Ellis. born 1797 ; son of second Viscount

Clifden; M.P., F.S.A. ; amateur
and antiquary; Commissioner of
Woods and Forests ; created Baron
Dover, 1831; died 1833.

Baron de

Mauley.

Baron Dover

the Society of "Dilettanti

289

l82I {continued).

Mr. Greville Fulke Greville Upton, born 1773;
Howard. second son of first Baron Temple-

town; married Miss Howard of Castle
Rising and assumed nameof Howard;
M.P.; died 184.6.

1822.

Earl Clan- Richard Meade, third Earl of Clan-

william. william, born 1795 ; succeeded his

father, iSo? ; Under-Secretary for
Foreign Affairs ; Ambassador at
Berlin; died 1879.

1823.

Marquess of Richard Plantagenet Temple Ntj-
Chandos. gent Brydges Chandos Grenville,

Marquess of Chandos, born 175)7;
M.P. ; succeeded his father as second
Duke of Buckingham, 18^9; K.G.,
G.C.B. ; amateur and collector at
Stowe ; Lord Privy Seal ; died 1861.

Duke of

Buckingham.

Mr. James
Christie.

1824.

James Christie the
1773 ; auctioneer,
author; died 183 1.

younger,
amateur.

born
and

1826.

Mr. Wood. Robert Henry Wood.

Mr. Peel. Robert Peel, born 1788 ; the eminent

statesman; succeeded as second baro-
net, 1830; Prime Minister; died
1850.

Sir Benjamin Sir Benjamin Hobhotjse, Bart., born
Hobhouse. J757j M.P. ; created a baronet,

1812; F.R.S., F.S.A. ; died 183 1.
u

Sir Robert Peel,
Bart.

290

List of Members of

George

Villiers.

Lord Dudley.

Right Hon.
Frederick
Robinson.

Sir Archibald
Edmon-
stone.

1826 {continued).

George Villiers, born 1800; grand-
son of first Earl of" Clarendon; suc-
ceeded his uncle as fourth earl
1838 ^ Ambassador to Madrid ; Sec-
retary for Foreign Affairs; Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland ; K.G. ; died
1870.

John William Ward, fourth Viscount
Dudley and Ward, born 1 781; M.P.;
succeeded his father, 1815 ; Secretary
for Foreign Affairs ; created Earl of
Dudley, 1827 ; died 1833.

Frederick Robinson, born 1782;
second son of second Baron Grant-
ham ; M.P. ; President of the Board
of Trade ; Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer; created Viscount Goderich,
18 1 7 ; Prime Minister; Lord Privy
Seal ; created Earl of Ripon, 1833 ;
died 1859.

Sir Archibald Edmonstone, Bart.,
born 1795; succeeded his father as
third baronet, 1821 ; died 18 71.

Earl of
Clarendon.

Earl of Dudley.

Earl of Ripon.

Capt. Fitz-
clarence.

Mr. Philip
Pusey.

1828.

George Augustus Fitzclarence, born
1794.; eldest son of William IV and
Mrs. Jordan ; Captain and afterwards
Colonel inthe Army; F.R.S.,F.S.A.;
created Earl of Munster, 1 8 3 1 ; died
184.2.

Philip PusEY,born 1795); M.P., F.R.S. ;
died 1855".

Earl of Munster.

Sir George
Staunton.

1829.

Sir George Henry Staunton, Bart.,
born 1 781; succeeded his father as
second baronet, 18 10; Commissioner
to China; M.P., F.R.S. ; died 18^.

the Society of "Dilettanti

191

1830.

Mr. Davies Davies Giddy Gilbert, bom 1767;
Gilbert. chemical philosopher and President

of the Royal Society ; assumed name
of Gilbert j M.P. ; died 1839.

Mr. Deering. John Peter Gandy, born 175-7
architect and Royal Academician
travelled with Sir William Gell
assumed name of Deering, 1817
M.P.; died 1850.

Sir Richard Sir Richard Rawlinson Vyvyan, Bart.,

Vyvyan. born 1800; succeeded his father as

eighth baronet, 1 8ao ; M.P.; died 1 879.

Mr. Terrick Terrick Hamilton, born 1781 ;
Hamilton. younger son of Archdeacon of Col-

chester, and brother of W. R.
Hamilton; diplomatist; residedsome
time in Greece; died 1876.

Mr. M. A. Martin Archer Shee, born 1769 ; por-

Shee. trait painter and Royal Academician;

President of the Royal Academy, and

knighted, 1830; Painter to the

Society; died 1850.

Sir Henry Sir Henry Bunbury, born 1778 ; son of

Bunbury. Henry E. Bunbury, artist; succeeded

his uncle as baronet, 18x0; General
intheArmy;M.P.,F.S.A.; died i860.

Sir Martin
Archer Shee,
P.R.A.

1831.

Earl of Du Pre Alexander, second Earl of

Caledon. Caledon, born 1777; succeeded his

father, 1 802 ; first Governor of Cape
Colony; died 1835?.

Mr. Mount- Mountstuart Elphinstone, born 1779;
stuart El- fourth son of eleventh Baron Elphin-

phinstone. stone ; Indian Civil Service ; Envoy

to Afghanistan ; Governor of Bom-
bay ; died 1859.

u z

2(}X

Viscount
Valletort.

Mr. Barthole-
mew Frere.

Mr. C. R.

Vaughan.

Earl of
Beverley.

Lord Burg-
hersh.

Sir Robert
Gordon.

Mr. Charles
Sheridan.

Marquess of
North-
ampton.

List of Members of

1831 (continued},

Ernest Augustus Edgcumbe, Viscount
Valletort, born 1797 ; eldest son of
second Earl of Mount-Edgcumbe ;
Officer in the Guards; M.P.; suc-
ceeded his father as third earl, 1 839 ;
died \M6.

Bartholomew Frere, born 176^ ; Am-
bassador to Madrid ; died \%<^i.

1832.

Charles Robert Vaughan, born 1775";
Minister to the United States;
G.C.B.; died 1849.

George Percy, second Earl of Beverley,
born 1778; M.P. ; succeeded his
father, 1830; Lord of the Bed-
chamber; succeeded his cousin as
fifth Duke of Northumberland,
1 %6% ; Captain of the Yeomen of the
Guard; died 1867.

John Fane, Viscount Burghersh, born
1784; General in the Army; Am-
bassador to Berlin and Vienna ; suc-
ceeded as eleventh Earl of West-
morland ; G.CB. ; wrote several
operas; died 1859.

Sir Robert Gordon, born 1791;
younger brother of fourth Earl of
Aberdeen; Ambassador to Vienna,
Brazil, and Constantinople; G.C.B.,
G.C.H.; died 184.7.

Charles Brinsley Sheridan, born
1796; son of Richard Brinsley
Sheridan by his second wife; travelled
in Greece and translated Songs of
Greece ; died 184.3.

Spencer John Alwyne Compton,
second Marquess of Northampton,
born 1790; M.P. ; resided some
years in Italy ; succeeded his father,
1828; President of the Royal Society
and of the Royal Society of Anti-
quaries ; died 185:1.

Earl of Mount-
Edgcumbe.

Sir Charles
R. Vaughan,
G.CB.

Duke of North-
umberland.

Earl of West-
morland.

Marquess of
Douglas.

Mr. George
Aylmer.

Duke of
Buccleuch.

Sir Stratford
Canning.

Capt. Charles
Sotheby.

Mr. Henry
Hope.

Mr. Alex-
ander
Baring.

LordPrudhoe.

Mr. John
Fuller.

Sir Charles
Bagot.

the Society of 'Dilettanti
1833.

William Alexander Hamilton, Mar-
quess of Douglas, born 1 8 1 1 ; suc-
ceeded his father as Duke of Hamilton
and Brandon, 185-2; died 1862.

George Aylmer, of Petersfield, Hants.

1834.

Walter Francis Scott, fifth Duke of
Buccleuch and seventh Duke of
Queensberry, born 1806; succeeded
his father, 1819; Lord President of
the Council; K.G. ; President of the
Society of Antiquaries and of the
British Association, 1867; died 1884.

Sir Stratford Canning, born 1786";
Ambassador tothe Ottoman Porte
and the United States ; G.C.B.,
M.P. ; created Viscount Stratford de
Redcliffe, 1852; K.G.; died i860.

Charles Sotheby ; Captain R.N. and
Rear- Admiral ; died 1854.

Henry Thomas Hope, of Deepdene, born
1 808 ; M.P. ; collector of pictures,
marbles, vases, etc.; died 186a.

Alexander Baring, born 1774; second
son of Sir Francis Baring, Bart. ;
M.P. ; President of the Board of
Trade ; Minister to the United
States ; created Baron Ashburton,
183 ? ; amateur and collector; died
1848.

Algernon Percy, born 1792; brother
of third Duke of Northumberland;
Admiral R.N. ; created Baron Prud-
hoe, 1 8 16; succeeded his brother as
fourth duke, 1847 ; K.G.; died 1865.

John Fuller, of Chesham.

Sir Charles Bagot, born 1 78 1 ; second
son of first Baron Bagot ; Minister to
the Netherlands; Governor-General
of Canada; G.C.B.; died 1843.

295

Duke of
Hamilton.

Lord Stratford
de Rcdclifre.

Baron

Ashburton.

Duke of North-
umberland.

194-

List of Members of

Lord Heytes-
bury.

1834 {continued).

William A'Court, first Baron Heytes-
bury, born 1779; Ambassador to
Naples, Madrid, Lisbon, St. Peters-
burg, etc.; created Baron Heytesbury,
1 8 28 ; Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland ;
G.C.B.; died i860.

Mr. John
Mansfield.

Mr. George
Robert
Smith.

Mr. David
Baillie.

Mr. Philip
Da vies
Cooke.

Mr. Edward
Dawkins.

Lord Fitz-
gerald and
Vesey.

Colonel Fox.

Mr. George
Vivian.

1835.

John Mansfield, of Diggeswell House,
Herts. ; son of Lord Chief Justice
Mansfield; died 184.1.

George Robert Smith, of Selsdon,
born 1793 ; M.P.; died 1869.

David Baillie, F.R.S.

Philip Davies Cooke, of Owston and
Gwysaney, born 1793 ; amateur and
antiquary; died 185:3.

1836.

Edward James Dawkins, born 1 79a ;
Minister at Athens; died 1865-.

1837.

William Vesey-Fitzgerald, born
1783; M.P. ; Chancellor of the
Exchequer and First Lord of the
Treasury in Ireland ; Minister to
Stockholm ; succeeded his mother as
Baron Fitzgerald and Vesey, 1831;
F.R.S. ; died 1843.

Charles Richard Fox, born 1796;
son of third Baron Holland ; Colonel
and Major-General in the Army ;
M.P. ; collector of Greek coins ;
Surveyor-General of the Ordnance ;
died 1873.

George Vivian ; amateur and collector
of pictures.

General Fox.

the Society of Dilettanti

T-9S

Marquess of
Abercorn.

1837 {continued).

James Hamilton, second Marquess of
Abercorn, born 1 8 1 1 ; succeeded
his grandfather, 18 18; Lord-Lieu-
tenant of Ireland ; created Duke of
Abercorn, 1868 • K.G.; died 1885.

Duke of
Abercorn, K.G.

Lord Wharn-
cliffe.

Mr. Walter
Campbell.

1838.

James Archibald Stuart-Wortley,
first Baron Wharncliffe, born 1776;
M.P.j Lord Privy Seal, Lord Pre-
sident of the Council ; created Baron
Wharncliffe, i8atf; died 184.7.

Walter Campbell, of Islay, born 1 798 j
M.P.- died 1855.

Sir John Cam
Hobhouse.

1839.

Sir John Cam Hobhouse, Bart., born
i"T)6 ; succeeded as second baronet,
1831; M.P., F.R.S.j created Baron
BroughtonofGiffbrd, 1 85 1 ; died i%6y.

Baron

Broughton.

Sir John
Hippisley.

1840.

Sir John Stuart Hippisley, Bart., born
1 791 j died 1867.

Mr. Charles
Towneley.

Sir Augustus
Foster.

Mr. Robert
Holford.

1841.

Charles Towneley, of Towneley, born
1803 ; F.R.S., F.S.A.; died 1876.

Sir Augustus Foster, Bart., born 1780 ;
younger son of Mr. J. T. Foster, of
Dunleer, and Lady Elizabeth Foster •
Minister to the United States,
Sweden, Denmark, etc.; created a
baronet, 1831 • G.C.H.; died 184.8.

Robert Stayner Holford, of Weston-
birt and Dorchester House, born 1808;
M.P.; a well-known amateur and
collector of works of art ; died 1892.

n^>

z$6

List of Members of

Sir Thomas
Colebrooke.

Mr. Horsman
Solly.

Mr. Beriah
Botfield.

Mr. Keith
Stewart
Mackenzie.

Mr. Edward
Tunno.

Sir Edward
Ryan.

Mr. Charles
L. Eastlake.

Major-Gen.
Kenah.

Mr. Quintin
Dick.

1843.

SirThomas Edward Colebrooke, Bart.,
of Crawford, born 181 3; succeeded
his uncle as fourth baronet, 1838 •
M.P.; died 1890.

1844.

Richard Horsman Solly, born 1778 ^
F.R.S. ; died 1858.

Beriah Botfield, born 1807; M.P.,
F.R.S. ; eminent book-collector and
antiquary; died 1863.

1846.

Keith Stuart Mackenzie, of Seaforth,
born 1818; died 1881.

1847.

Edward Rose Tunno, of Llangennech,
born 1796 (?); M.P. ; died 1874.

1848.

Sir Edward Ryan, born 1793 ; Chief
Justice of Bengal ; Assistant Comp-
troller of the Exchequer, 185-1-62;
Civil Service Commissioner, 1862;
F.R.S.; Acting-Secretary of the
Society, 185-9-63; Secretary, 1863-
5-7; P.C.; died 1875-.

Charles Lock Eastlake, born 1793;
painter and Royal Academician; Pre-
sident of the Royal Academy, and
knighted, 185-0; Director of the
National Gallery; F.R.S. ; died 1865.

Thomas Kenah, born 1782; Major-
General in the Army; K.C.B. ;
died 1868.

Quintin Dick,
died 1858.

born 1777; M.P. ;

Sir Charles Lock
Eastlake,
P.R.A.

Sir Thomas
Kenah,
K.C.B.

the Society of "Dilettanti

2-97

Mr. Hugh A.
J. Munro.

Mr. Walter
Ewer.

Mr. James
Broderip.

Marquess of
Northamp-
ton.

1 Mr. F. C.
Penrose.

Mr.Monckton
Milnes.

Lord Cran-
stoun.

Mr. William
Stirling.

Mr. G. Dodd.

Mr. Danby
Seymour.

1850.

Hugh Andrew Johnstone Munro, of

Novar, born

1797;

son of Sir
a well-known
died 1864.

Alexander Munro;
collector of pictures ;

1851.

Walter Ewer, F.R.S.

William John Broderip, born 1785?;
eminent naturalist and bencher of
Gray's Inn • F.L.S., F.R.S., F.G.S. •
died iftjy.

Charles Douglas Compton, third
Marquess of Northampton, born
1816 ; succeeded his father, 185-1 j
died 1877.

1852.

Francis Cranmer Penrose, born
1817; architect and author ; F.R.S.,
F.R.I. B.A.j 'Bather of the Society,
1898.

Richard Monckton Milnes, born
1 8 19 ; poet, wit, and politician:
M.P. ; created Baron Houghton,
1863; F.R.S. ; died 188 J.

Charles Frederick, eleventh Baron
Cranstoun, born 18x9- died 1869.

1853.

William Stirling, of Keir, born 1 8 1 8 ;
succeeded his uncle as ninth baronet,
1865; assumed name of Maxwell;
M.P.; amateur and historian of art;
K.T.; died 1878.

George Dodd, M.P.

Henry Danby Seymour, of Knoyle,
born 1820; Secretary to the Board
of Control; died 1877.

1 Member of the Society, 1 898.

Baron

Houghton.

Sir William
Stirling-
Maxwell, Bart.

198

Mr. Van de
Weyer.

Mr. William
Wells.

Mr. George
Tomline.

Hon. Francis
Charteris.

Hon. Charles
Hardinge.

Lord Ward.

Sir Francis
Scott.

Mr. J. Leslie.
Lord Foley.

List of Members of

1853 {continued).

Sylvain Van de Weyer, of New
Lodge, Windsor, born 180a;
Belgian Minister to England ; died
1874.

William Wells, of Holmewood, Hunt-
ingdonshire,born 18 17; M.P. ; son of
the well-known amateur and collector
of works of art ; married daughter of
Earl of Wemyss ; died 1889.

George Tomline, of Orwell Park,
Suffolk, born i8iz; M.P.; died 1889.

Francis Charteris, born 181 8; eldest
son of eighth Earl of Wemyss ; for
many years known as Viscount Elcho,
M.P. ; a well-known amateur and
collector; succeeded as ninth Earl
of Wemyss, 1883.

Charles Stewart Hardinge, born
1 8-12 ; succeeded his father as second
viscount, 1856; M.P.; Trustee of the
National Gallery and National Por-
trait Gallery; F.S.A. ; died 1894..

1854.

William, Baron Ward, elder son of
tenth Baron Ward; born 181 7; an
eminent patron and collector of
works of art; created Earl of Dudley,
1860; died 1885.

Sir Francis Edward Scott, Bart., born
1824. ; succeeded his father as baronet,
1871, and his grandfather in the
Bateman baronetcy, 1814; assumed
name of Bateman-Scott ; died 1863.

JoHNLESLiE,ofGlaslough,co.Monaghan,
born i8zz; M.P. ; amateur artist;
created a baronet, 1876".

Thomas Henry, sixth Baron Foley,
born 1 808 ; M.P. ; Captain of the
Corps of Gentlemen at Arms; died
1869.

Earl of Wemyss.

Viscount
Hardinge.

Earl of Dudley.

Sir John Leslie,
Bart.

the Society of Dilettanti

199

Sir Erskine
Perry.

Mr. R. H.

Cheney.

Lord
Dufferin.

Mr. Watkiss
Lloyd.

Sir John
Ramsden.

Karl of
Gifford.

Mr. Beresford-
Hope.

Mr. John
Benjamin
Heath.

Mr. J. L.
Ellerton.

1854 {continued}.

Sin Thomas Erskine Perry, born 1 806 ;
Judge of Supreme Court of Bombay ;
M.P.; died 1882.

Robert Henry Cheney, of Badger, co.
Salop; born 1801 ; died 1886.

Frederick Temple-Blackwood, fifth
Baron Dufferin and Clandeboye,
born 1 8 26; succeeded his father, 1 84.1 ;
created Earl of Dufferin, 1 8 7 1 ; Gover-
nor-General of Canada, Viceroy of
India; Ambassador to St. Peters-
burg, Constantinople, and Paris;
M.P., G.C.B.,G.C.S.I.,6cc. ; created
Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, 1888 ;
P.C.

William Watkiss Lloyd, born 181 3 ;
an eminent writer on art ; Acting
Secretary to the Society, 1888-9;
died 1893.

Sir John William Ramsden, Bart.,
born 185 1 ; succeeded his grandfather
as fifth baronet, 1839 ; M.P.

1855.

George Hay, Earl of Gifford, born
1 822 ; eldest son of eighth Marquess
of Tweeddale; M.P. ; died 1862.

Alexander James Beresford-Hope,
born 1820 ; son of Thomas Hope, of
Deepdene ; M.P. ; a well-known
amateur of art and literature ;
Trustee of the British Museum and
the National Portrait Gallery ; P.C. ;
died 1887.

John Benjamin Heath, born 175)0;
Consul-General for kingdom of
Italy; director of the Bank of
England; created a Baron of the
Italian kingdom ; F.R.S.; died 1879.

John Lodge Ellerton, born 1801 ;
musical composer ; assumed name
of Ellerton, 1845; died 1873.

Marquess of
Dufferin.

Right Hon.
A.J. Bercs-
ford-Hope,
M.P.

Baron Heath.

goo

Earl Somers.

Mr. Ponsonby
Barker.

1 Sir William
Fraser.

Baron Maro-
chetti.

Lord Ernest
Bruce.

Mr. A.
Panizzi.

Mr. Ralph
Neville-
Grenville.

1 Mr. Corn-
wallis
Cartwright.

Mr. C. R.

Cockerell.

Hon. Robert
Windsor-
Clive.

List of Members of

1855 {continued),

Charles Somers-Cocks, third Earl
Somers, born 1 81c? • M.P. ; succeeded
his father, i8^zj Trustee of the
British Museum and National Por-
trait Gallery ; died 1883.

1857.

William Ponsonby Barker, of Kil-
cooley, born 17^5 ^ died 1877.

Sir William Augustus Fraser, Bart.,
born 1 %z6 ; succeeded his father as
fourth baronet, 1834. '■> M.P. ; author.

Carlo Marochetti, born 181 ? ;
sculptor and Royal Academician ;
Baron of the Italian kingdom ; died
1867.

Ernest Bruce, born 1 8 1 1 ; second son
of first Marquis of Ailesbury ; Vice-
Chamberlain of the Household ;
succeeded his brother as third mar-
quess, 1878 j P.C.; died 1886.

Antonio Panizzi, born 1 797; principal
librarian of the British Museum ^
knighted, 1869; died 1879.

1858.

RALPHNEVILLE-GRENVILLE,ofButleigb,

born 1 817; eldest son of Dean of
Windsor- M.P.- died i88<>.

William Cornwallis Cartwright,
of Aynhoe, born 18x5-; M.P.

Charles Robert Cockerell, born
1788- architect, author, and Royal
Academician- died 1863.

1859.

Robert Windsor-Clive, born 1814.;
eldest son of Baroness Windsor j
died 1859.

Marquess of
Ailesbury.

Sir Anthony
Panizzi.

1 Member of the Society, 1898.

Lord Ravens-
worth.

Lord
Delamere.

Mr. Thomas
Baring.

Marquess
d'Azeglio.

Mr. C. T.

Newton.

Mr. Cyril
Graham.

Mr. Peter
Dickson.

Sir Matthew
White
Ridley.

Mr. Thomas
Gaisford.

the Society of Dilettanti

1859 {continued).

Henry Thomas Liddell, third Baron
Ravensworth, born 1797; M.P. ;
succeeded his father, 185:5-; created
Earl of Ravensworth, 1874; died
1878.

1861.

Hugh Cholmondeley, second Baron
Delamere, born 1811; M.P. ; suc-
ceeded his father, 185-5- '■> died 1887.

30I

Thomas Baring, born

M.P.

,, .... 1799; .......

Director of the Bank of England ;
F.R.S.- died 1873.

Massimo Tapparelli, Marchese di
Azeglio, born 1800; Italian novelist,
patriot, and statesman ; died 1866.

1863.

Charles Thomas Newton, born 1816";
Vice-Consul at Mitylene ; archae-
ologist, explorer, and Keeper of the
Department of Classical Antiquities
at the British Museum; K.C.B.,
1887; died 1894.

Cyril Clerke Graham, born 1834;
third son of second baronet of
Kirkstall; succeeded his brother as
fifth baronet, 1890; Governor of
Grenada, 187 5-77; C.M.G. ; died

Peter Dickson.

Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bart.,
born 1807 ; succeeded his father as
fourth baronet, 1836; M.P.; died

1877.

1864.

Thomas Gaisford, of Offington, born
1 8 16; son of the Dean of Christ
Church; Captain in the Army.

Earl of Ravens-
worth.

StS*>

Sir Charles
Thomas
Newton,
K.C.B.

Sir Cyril

Graham, Bart.

gox

List of Members of

1864 (continued}.

Mr. Charles Charles Buxton, of Foxwarren, Surrey,
Buxton. born 1812; younger son of Sir

Thomas Fowell Buxton, Bart. ; M.P.-
died 1 8 71.

Lord Somers. Charles Somers-Cocks, third Earl
Somers. (Re-elected.)

Mr. Arthur Arthur Russell, born 182?; second
Russell. son of Lord George Russell and

brother of seventh Duke of Bedford j
M.P.; died 1892.

Mr. Christo- Christopher Sykes, of Brantingham-
pher Sykes. thorpe, born 1831; younger son of

Sir Tatton Sykes, Bart. • M.P.

1865.

Hon. E. Edward TwisLETON,born 1809; younger

Twisleton. son of Baron Saye and Sele; Com-

missioner for Public Schools and Civil
Service j died 1874-.

Mr. Frederic Frederic Leighton, born 1830 ; painter

Leighton. and Royal Academician; President

of the Royal Academy; created

a baronet, 1886, and Baron Leighton

of Stretton, i8cjd; died 1896.

Mr. Charles Charles Brinsley Marlay, of Bel-
B. Marlay. vedere, co. Westmcath, born 1825).

Mr. Baillie Alexander DundasCochrane-Baillie

Cochrane. (afterwards Baillie Cochrane), born

1816; M.P. ; created Baron Laming-
ton, 1880; P.C; died 1890.

1866.

Mr. Wode- George Wodehouse Currie, born
house 1826; banker; died 1887.

Currie.

Sir Coutts Sir Coutts Lindsay, Bart., of Bal-

Lindsay. carres, born 1824.; succeeded his

maternal grandfather as second
baronet, 1837.

Lord Arthur
Russell.

Baron Leighton
of Stretton,
P.R.A.

Baron Laming-
ton.

the Society of Dilettanti

303

Earl

Cathcart.

Mr. Edmond
Waterton.

Mr. Reginald
Cholmon-
deley.

Earl of
Warwick.

Lord

Wenlock.

Mr. Butler
Johnstone.

Col. George
W.Higgin-
son.

Sir Henry
Lytton-
Bulwer.

Mr. Charles
Wynn-
Finch.

1866 {continued}.

Alan Frederick, Earl Cathcart, born
1828; succeeded his father as third
earl, 185-9.

Edmund Waterton, of Walton Hall,
Yorkshire, born 1830; Chamberlain
to Pope Pius IX; F.S.A.j died 1887.

Reginald Cholmondeley, of Condover
Hall; born 1826; died 185)6.

George Grey Greville, Earl of
Warwick and Brooke, born 1828 ;
succeeded his father as fourth earl,
1873 ; died 185)3.

Beilby Richard Lawley, Baron
Wenlock, born 181 8; succeeded
his father as second baron, 1852;
died 1880.

1867.

Henry Alexander Butler-Johnstone,
born 1837; grandson of twenty-
second Baron Dunboyne; assumed
name of Johnstone ; M.P.

George Wentworth Higginson, born
1826; Colonel of the Grenadier
Guards, and General ; Lieutenant-
Governor of the Tower of London ;
K.C.B. and Knight of the Legion of
Honour.

1869.

William Henry LYTTON-BuLWER,born
1 80 1 ; younger brother of first Baron
Lytton -, M.P. ; Minister to United
States, and Ambassador to Madrid
and Constantinople ; created Baron
Dalling and Bulwer, 1871 ; K.C.B.,
P.C.; died 185.2.

Charles Wynne-Finch, of Voelas,
born 181?; M.P. ; died 1874-.

General Sir
George
Wentworth
Higginson,
K.C.B.

Baron Dalling
and Bulwer.

3°+

List of Members of

Mr. George
Macleay.

Mr. Edward
John
Sartoris.

Sir John
Sebright.

1 Mr. Richard
H. Paget.

1 Earl of
Rosebery.

1 Mr. Edward
J. Stanley.

Mr. Frederick
Pollock.

1 Lord Col-
chester.

Col. Dudley
Carleton.

1 Mr. Charles
Milnes-
Gaskell.

1869 (continued}.

George Macleay, born 1809 ; Member
of Legislature of New South Wales ;
K.C.M.G. 1875* ^ died 1891.

Edward John Sartoris, born 1 8 1 7 ;
M.P. ; lived many years in Rome •
married Miss Adelaide Kemble^
died

Sir John Gage Saunders-Sebright,
Bart., born 1 84.3 ; succeeded his
father as ninth baronet, 1 864 j died
1890.

1870.

Richard Horner Paget, born 183a;
M.P. ; created a baronet, 1880' j
P.C. 185)?.

Archibald Philip Primrose, Earl of
Rosebery, born 1 847 • succeeded
his grandfather as fifth earl, 1 868 ;
Lord Privy Seal ; Secretary for
Foreign Affairs j Prime Minister j
K.G., P.C.

Edward James Stanley, of Quantock,
born 1 %z6 j M.P.

William Frederick Pollock, born
1 81 J ; succeeded his father as second
baronet, 1870; Queen's Remem-
brancer ; Secretary to the Society,
1877-88; died 1888.

1871.

Reginald Charles Abbot, Baron
Colchester, born 1 84a ; succeeded
his father as third baron, 1869.

Dudley Wilmot Carleton, born 1 822 ;
succeeded his cousin as fourth Baron
Dorchester, 1875; died 1897.

Charles Milnes-Gaskell, born 1 842 ;
M.P.

Sir George
Macleay,.
K.C.M.G.

Rt. Hon. Sir Ri-
chard Horner
Paget, Bart.

Sir William
Frederick
Pollock, Bart.

Baron
Dorchester.

1 Member of the Society, 1898.

the Society of Dilettanti

305*

1871 [continued),

Mr. Knight Christopher Knight Watson;
Watson. Secretary of the Society of Anti-

quaries.

1 Mr. Sidney Sidney Colvin, born 1845"; Slade
Colvin. Professor of Fine Art at Cambridge j

Keeper of the Department of
Prints and Drawings at the British
Museum ; Secretary to the Society,
1891-96.

Mr. George George James Howard, born 1 843 ;
Howard. grandson of the sixth Earl of Car-

lisle; M.P. ; succeeded his uncle as
ninth earl, 1889; Trustee of the
National Gallery.

Mr. Charles Charles Watkin Williams- Wynn,
Watkin of Coed-y-Maen, born i8ax; M.P.;

Williams- Recorder of Oswestry.

Wynn.

1872.
Lord Acton. John Emerich Edward Dalberg
Acton, first Baron Acton, born
1837; succeeded his father as
eighth baronet; M.P. ; created
Baron Acton, 1869; Regius Pro-
fessor of History at Cambridge.

1 Mr. M.. E. Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant-
Grant-DufK Duff, born 1 8a 9 ; M.P.; Governor
of Madras; K.C.S.I. ; P.C.

1873.

1 Sir Robert Sir Robert Alfred Cunliffe, Bart.,
Cunlifle. born 1839; succeeded his grand-

father as fifth baronet, 1859; M.P.

Hon. H. F. Henry Frederick Cowper, born 1836";
Cowper. second son of sixth Earl Cowper;

M.P.; died 1887.

Mr. W. H. William Halliday-Halliday, of Glen-
Halliday. thorne, born 1 8a8 ; assumed name

of Halliday instead of that of Cos-
way.

1 Member of the Society, 1898.
X

Earl of Carlisle.

Sir Mountstuart
Elphinstone
Grant-Duff.

30<5

List of Members of

Marquess of
Lansdowne.

Viscount
Newry.

Hon. Everard
Primrose.

Mr. Paul
Butler.

Sir Henry
Thompson.

Mr. James
Fergusson.

Mr. Thomas
Brassey.

Viscount
Powers-
court.

Mr. Stewart
Hodgson.

1873 {continued).

Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitz-
maurice, Marquess of Lansdowne,
born 184.5"; succeeded his father as
fifth marquess, 1866; Governor-
General of Canada, and Viceroy of
India j K.G., G.C.B., G.C.S.I., &c. ;
Secretary of State for War ; Trustee
of the National Gallery; P.C.

Francis Charles Needham, Viscount
Newry, born 1841; M.P.; succeeded
his grandfather as third Earl of Kil-
morey, 1880; K.P.

Everard Henry Primrose, born 184.8 ;
younger brother of Earl of Rosebery;
Colonel Grenadier Guards; Military
Attache at Vienna; died 1885:.

1875.

Paul Butler, of Wyck Hill, Glouces-
tershire; died 1875".

Sir Henry Thompson, born 1820; the
eminent surgeon ; also distinguished
as an artist; knighted, 1867.

James Fergusson, born 1808 ; architect
and writer on Classical Architecture ;
died 1886.

1876.

Thomas Brassey, born 1836"; Lord
of the Admiralty; created Baron
Brassey, 1886; Governor of Victoria.

1877.

Mervyn E. Wingfield, Viscount
Powerscourt, born 1836; succeeded
his father as seventh viscount, 1 844 ;
K.P.; P.C.

James Stewart Hodgson, of Lyth Hill,
Haslemere, born 1827.

Earl of
Kilmorey.

Baron Brassey.

Mr. G. S.

Venables.

Mr. Algernon
Mitford.

Mr. Edward
Herries.

Mr. A. G.

Dew-Smith.

1 Mr. William
J. Farrer.

Mr. John
Ball.

Viscount
Enfield.

1 Mr. Pember.

Mr. F. W.
Burton.

the Society of 'Dilettanti

1877 (continued).
George Stovin Venables, born 18 10;
son of Archdeacon of Carmarthen •
QXZ.; died 1888.

Algernon Bertram Mitford, born
1837- Secretary to the Office of
Works; assumed name of Free-
man-Mitford, 18 86.

1878.

Edward Herries, born 18 15 • in the
diplomatic service ; C.B.

Albert George Dew-Smith, of Trinity
College, Cambridge; amateur and
collector.

William James Farrer, born i8ax;
High Bailiff to the City of Westmin-
ster and Solicitor to the Grenadier
Guards; collector of pictures;
knighted 1887.

John Ball, born 1 8 1 8 ; son of Right
Hon. Nicholas Ball; editor of The
Alpine Guide ; M.P. ; Under Secretary
of State for the Colonies ; died 1889.

1879.

George Henry Charles Byng, Viscount
Enfield, born 1830; M.P.; Under-
Secretary for Foreign Affairs and for
India ; called to House of Lords as
Baron Strafford; succeeded his father
as third Earl of Strafford, 1886;
Secretary to the Society, 1889-91;
died 1898.

Edward Henry Pember, born 1833;
QXH. 1874; Secretary to the Society,
1896.

Frederick William Burton, born
18 16; painter and member of the
Royal Hibernian Academy; Director
of the National Gallery; knighted
1 8 84 ; Painter to the Society.

1 Member of the Society, 1898.
X X

307

Sir William
James Farrer.

Earl of Strafford.

Sir Frederick
William
Burton.

?o8

List of Members of

1880.

1 Professor Richard Claverhouse Jebb, born 1 84.1 ;

Jebb. Regius Professor of Greek at Cam-

bridge- M.P.

1881.

Sir Charles Sir Charles Synge Bowen, born 1836;

S. Bowen. distinguished as a lawyer and scholar ;

Lord Justice and Lord of Appeal ;

created Baron Bowen ; P.C. ; died

1 894.

Earl Lytton. Edward Robert Bulwer-Lytton, Earl
of Lytton, born 1831; only son of
first Baron Lytton; succeeded his
father as second baron, 1873 ^
created Earl of Lytton, 1880;
Minister to Lisbon; Viceroy of
India and Ambassador to Paris;
G.C.B., G.C.S.I. ; author of various
poems; P.C; died 1891.
Mervin Henry Nevil Story-Maske-
lyne, born 1813 ; Professor of
Mineralogy at Oxford ; F.R.S. ; M.P.

1883.

Charles Isaac Elton, born 1839;
C^C.; M.P. ; author of numerous
learned works on law, antiquities,
etc.

George William, Viscount Barrington,
born 1824; succeeded his father as
seventh viscount, 1867 ; Vice Cham-
berlain of the Household; M.P.;
P.C; died 1886.

Horace Davey, born 1833; Q^C;
M.P. ; Attorney-General; knighted
1886; Lord of Appeal; created
Baron Davey, 1894; P.C.

1883.

Sir Watkin Williams-Wynn, Bart.,
of Wynnstay, born i8ao; M.P.;
died 1885.

1 Member of the Society, 1898.

Mr. Nevill
Story-
Maskelyne.

Mr. Charles
Elton.

Viscount
Barrington.

1 Mr. Horace
Davey.

Sir Watkin
Williams-
Wynn.

Baron Bowen.

Baron Davey.

the Society of "Dilettanti

1883 {continued),
Mr. R. M. Robert Milnes Newton, born 18 11 ;

Newton. son of William Newton, of Elveden;

Magistrate at Marlborough Street,
London, 1866-97.

Earl of William Hillier Onslow, Earl of

Onslow. Onslow, born 1853 ; succeeded his

cousin as fourthearl, 1870 ; Governor
of New Zealand; G.C.M.G.

Sir Robert Sir Robert Porrett Collier, born

Collier. 1817 • M.P.; Solicitor-General and

Attorney-General ; Judge of Judicial
Committee of Privy Council; created
Baron Monkswell, 1885- ; P.C. ; died
1886.

1884.

1 Sir Reginald Sir Reginald Proctor Beauchamp,
Beauchamp. Bart., born 1853; succeeded his

father as fifth baronet, 1874.

Mr. H. Hubert Edward Henry Jerningham,

Jerningham. born 1 842 ; M.P. ; Consul General

at Belgrade ; Governor of Mauritius
and of Trinidad ; knighted 1893.

Mr. J. Russell James Russell Lowell, born 18 19;
Lowell. poet and man of letters ; Minister

for the United States to England;
died 1 85) 1.

1 Mr. Arbuth- Foster Fitzgerald Arbuthnot, born
not. 1 8 3 3 ; second son of second baronet ;

Bombay Civil Service.

1885.

Mr. Cyril Cyril Flower, born 1843; M.P. ;

Flower. Lord of the Treasury; created Baron

Battersea, 1892.

1 Lord Robert Robert Brudenell-Bruce, fourth son
Bruce. of third Marquess of Ailesbury,

born 1845; R.N.

Mr. Alexan- Alexander Dennistoun, born 1828 ;
der Den- died 1893.

nistoun.

?°9

Baron Monks-
well.

Sir Hubert
Edward
Jerningham,
K.C.M.G.

Baron Battersea.

1 Member of the Society, 1 i

3io

List of Members of

1 Sir Reginald
Welby.

Mr. Robert
H. Meade.

1 Lord

Houghton.

Mr. H. B.

Mildmay.

Mr. Phelps.

1 LordHylton.

1 Mr. W.

Tyssen-
Amherst.

1 Sir George
Errington.

1 Mr. Justice
Chitty.

Col. Duncan.

1886.

Sir Reginald Earle Welby, born
183a; Permanent Secretary to the
Treasury; G.C.B. ; created Baron
Welby, 18514; Secretary to the
Society, 1896.

Robert Henry Meade, born 1835";
second son of third Earl of Clanwil-
liam ; Permanent Under Secretary of
State for the Colonies; G.C.B.;
died 1898.

Robert Offley Ashburton Milnes,
Baron Houghton, born i8?8; suc-
ceeded his father as second baron,
1885:; Viceroy of Ireland ; created
Earl of Crewe, 1895; P.C.

Henry Bingham Mildmay, of Shore-
ham, born i8z8.

William Walter Phelps, born 1839 ;
Minister for the United States to
Great Britain.

1887.

Hedworth Hylton-Jolliffe, Baron
Hylton, born 1 829 ; officer in the
army ; M.P. ; succeeded his father
as second baron, 1876.

William Amhurst Tyssen- Amherst, of
Didlington, born 1835; M.P. ;
created Baron Amherst of Hackney,
1892.

1888.

Sir George Errington, born 1839;
M.P. ; created a baronet, 1885-.

Sir Joseph William Chitty, born
1818; eminent lawyer; Judge of the
High Court of Justice ; P.C.

Francis Duncan, born 183d; Colonel
Royal Artillery; M.P.; C.B.; died
1888.

1 Member of the Society, 1898.

Baron Welby.

Sir Robert
Henry Meade,
G.C.B.

Earl of Crewe.

Baron Amherst
of Hackney.

the Society of Dilettanti

7, n

Viscount
Baring.

M. Wad-
dington.

Lord Savile.

1 Mr. Arthur

Lucas.
1 Mr. Spencer

Walpole.

1 Earl of
Ellesmere.

1 Sir Ralph
Thompson.

Mr. Walter
Leaf.

1 Sir Stafford
Nortxote.

1 Mr. Edward
Maunde
Thompson.

1 Mr. Mitchell
Henry.

1889.

Francis George, Viscount Baring,
born 185:0; eldest son of first Earl
of Northbrook.

William Henry Waddington, born
i8ztf ; Ambassador for France to
Great Britain; died 1854.

John Savile-Lumley, Baron Savile,
born 181 8; Minister to Dresden,
Berne, Brussels, and Ambassador at
Rome; G.C.B.; created Baron Savile
of Ruffbrd, 1888 ; Trustee of the
National Gallery; P.C. ; died 185)6".

Arthur Lucas, born 184.5.

Spencer Walpole, born 1859; Lieut.-
Governor of the Isle of Man ; Secre-
tary to the Post Office; K.C.B.,
1898.

Francis George Granville Egerton,
Earl of Ellesmere, born 184,7; suc-
ceeded his father as third earl, 186a.

1890.

Sir Ralph Wood Thompson, born 1830;
P.C. ; Permanent Under Secretary
to War Office; K.C.B.

Walter Leaf, Fellow of Trinity
College, Cambridge; Treasurer of
British School at Athens.

Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, born
184.6; second son of first Earl of
Iddesleigh; M.P.; C.B.; Surveyor-
General of the Ordnance.

1892.

Edward Maunde Thompson, born
1840; Principal Librarian of the
British Museum; K.C.B.

Mitchell Henry, of Kylemore, born
1826; M.P,

1 Member of the Society, 1898.

Baron Savile.

Sir Spencer
Walpole,
K.C.B.

Sir Edward
Maunde
Thompson,
K.C.B.

3 ix

1 Mr. £. M.
Under-
down.

1 Sir Nigel
Kingscote.

Prof. Middle-
ton.

List of Members of
1893.

Emanuel Maguire Underdown, born

1830- qx:.

Sir Robert Nigel Kingscote, born
1830"; Commissioner of Woods and
Forests- K.C.B.

John Henry Middleton, born 1846;
Slade Professor of Fine Art at Cam-
bridge ; Director of the South Ken-
sington Museum ; died 1896.

1 Mr. Caven-
dish-Ben-
tinck.

1 Mr. W. M.
Conway.

1 Mr. J. P.
Heseltine.

1 Sir Francis
Jeune.

1 Sir Francis
Grenfell.

Mr. W.
Wickham.

Sir Colin

Scott

MoncriefF.

George
1854;

1894.

Cavendish-Bentinck,
M.P.

born

William Martin Conway, born 185-6;
Roscoe Professor of Fine Art at
Liverpool; author and traveller;
President of the Society of Authors ;
knighted 185)5-.

John Postle Heseltine, born 1843;
amateur, collector, and Trustee of
the National Gallery.

Sir Francis Jeune, born 1843; Presi-
dent of the Probate Division of the
High Court ; P.C. ; Judge Advocate-
General, 1891 ; K.C.B. 1897.

Sir Francis Wallace Grenfell, born
1841 ; K.C.B.; Sirdar of the Egyptian
Army; Inspector-General of Auxi-
liary Forces.

William Wickham, born 1 83 1 ; M.P. ;
died 185)7.

1895.

Sir Colin Scott Moncrieff, born
1836; Under Secretary of Public
Works at Cairo; K.C.B.

Sir William
Martin
Conway.

1 Member of the Society, 1898.

the Society of Dilettanti

1 Sir Anthony
Hoskins.

1 Mr. EJ.
Poynter.

1 Sir Barring-
ton Simeon.

1 Mr. Charles
Darling.

1 Dr. Aber-
cromby.

1 Sir Charles
Fremantle.

1 Lord Loch.

1 Sir George
Robertson.

1 Mr. Douglas
Freshfield.

1895 {continued).

Sir Anthony Hoskins, born 1828;
R.N.; Rear Admiral; K.C.B. ;
Lord of the Admiralty.

Edward John Poynter, born 1836;
painter and Royal Academician;
President of the Royal Academy,
and knighted 1896; Director of the
National Gallery; Painter to the
Society.

1896.

Sir John Barrington Simeon, Bart.,
born 1850; succeeded his father as
fifth baronet, 1870 ; M.P.

Charles John Darling, born 184.9;
Q^C ; M.P. ; created a Judge and
knighted, 1897.

John Abercromby, M.D.

Sir Charles William Fremantle,
born 1834.; third son of first Baron
Cottesloe; K.C.B.;Master of the Mint.

Henry Brougham, Baron Loch, born
1817; served in India and on
special mission to China ; Governor
of the Isle of Man and of Victoria ;
High Commissioner in South Africa;
G.C.B., G.C.M.G. ; created Baron
Loch; P.C.

1897.

Sir George Scott Robertson, K.C.S.I.,
born 185a; British agent at Gilgit;
author of The Kdfirs of the Hindu Rush.

Douglas William Freshfield, born
1845; former Piesident of the
Alpine Club, and Hon. President of
the Geographical Society ; author of
Travels in the Central Caucasus , &c.

Sir Edward John
Poynter,
P.R.A.

Mr. Justice
Darling.

1 Member of the Society, i?

3i4

List of Members

1 Mr. Lyulph
Stanley.

1 Mr. G. H.

Murray.

1 Mr. Murray
Scott.

1897 (continued^.

Edward Lyulph Stanley, born 1859;
second son of second Lord Stanley
of Alderley 2 M.P. ; Vice-Chairman
of London School Board.

George Herbert Murray, C.B., born
184.9; formerly private secretary to
Mr. Gladstone and to Lord Rosebery ;
Chairman of the Board of Inland
Revenue.

John Murray Scott, born 184.7 '■>
secretary to the late Sir Richard
Wallace, 1871-5)0; Trustee of the
National Gallery and of the Wallace
Gallery.

Hon. Edward
Lyulph
Stanley.

1 Member of the Society, 1898.

of the Society of 'Dilettanti 31$

Lord

Windsor.

1 Mr. George

Macmillan.

Col. John
Hay.

1 Hon.
WilJiam
R.W.Peel.

1 Mr. Alfred
Farquhar.

1 Mr. Joseph
Choate.

1 Hon.Vicary
Gibbs.

1 Mr. Cecil
Harcourt
Smith.

Hon.

Spencer

Lyttelton.

1898.

Robert George Windsor - Clive,
fourteenth Baron Windsor, born
185-7; Paymaster-General, 189 1-2;
Commissioner of Works, 1902-5: ;
created Earl of Plymouth, ipoy.

George Augustin Macmillan, born
185:5'; Hon. Sec. Society for Pro-
motion of Hellenic Studies; Chair-
man Committee British School at
Athens; Secretary to the Society,
1911.

John Hay, born 1838; Ambassador
for the United States to England,
1897-8 ; Secretary of State, U.S.A.,
1898-1905:; died 1905:.

1900.

William Robert Wellesley Peel, born
1866; eldest son of first Viscount
Peel; M.P. ; succeeded to peerage
on the death of his father, 191 3.

Alfred Farquhar, born 185:2;
banker.

Joseph H. Choate, born 1832; Am-
bassador for the United States to
England, 1899-1905-. Honorary
Member, 1912.

1901.

Vicary Gibbs, born 185:3 ; third son of
first Baron Aldenham; formerly M.P.

Cecil Harcourt Smith, born 1859;
formerly Keeper of Greek and Roman
Antiquities at the British Museum ;
Director of Victoria and Albert
Museum; knighted 1909.

George William Spencer Lyttelton,
born 1 84.7; fourth son of fourth Baron
Lyttelton; C.B.; formerly private Sec-
retary to Mr. Gladstone. Died 1913.

1 Member of the Society, 1913.
X*

Earl of Plymouth.

b7?

Viscount Peel.

Sir Cecil Har-
court Smith.

3i<f

List of Members of

i Mr. E. P.

Tennant.

i Mr. C. H.
Read.

Mr. Andrew
Hichens.

General E. H.
Clive.

i Mr.

Alexander

Wedder-

burn.

1 Sir Robert
Mowbray.

1902.

Edward Priatjlx Tennant, born 185-9;
eldest son of Sir Charles Tennant,
Bart. ; succeeded his father as baronet;
created Baron Glenconner, ipn.

Charles Hercules Read, born 1857;
Keeper of British and Mediaeval
Antiquities, British Museum; Pre-
sident of the Society of Antiquaries ;
knighted ipiz.

Andrew Kinsman Hichens, born 1833;
died 1906.

Edward Henry Clive, born 1837;
formerly Col. commanding Grenadier
Guards ; Commandant Staff" Col-
lege, 1885—8; Commandant Royal
Military College, Sandhurst, 1888-
1893 ; General, 1898.

Alexander D. O. Wedderburn, born
1854.; K.C.

Sir Robert Gray Cornish Mowbray,
Bart., born 1850; succeeded his
father as second baronet, 1899;
formerly M.P. ; Fellow of All Souls
College, Oxford.

Baron Glen-
conner.

Sir Hercules
Read.

I903-

1 Mr. W. E. William Edward Davidson, born

Davidson. 1853; C.B., K.C; Legal Adviser

to Foreign Office; K.C.M.G. 1907.

1 Sir Henry Henry Maxwell Lyte, born 184.8;
Maxwell Deputy Keeper of Public Records;

Lyte. K.C.B.

1 Sir John Sir John Dickson-Poynder, Bart.,

Dickson- born i8drj ; formerly M.P. ; D.S.O.,

Poynder. K.C.M.G. ; created Baron Islington,

1910 ; Governor of New Zealand.

Sir Edward
Davidson.

Baron Islington.

1 Member of the Society, 1913.

the Society of Dilettanti 317'

Mr. R. p.

Blenner-
hassett.

1 Sir

Alexander
Henderson.

1 Mr. Justice
Bigham.

Lieut.-Col.
Arthur
Collins.

Lord Justice
Henn
Collins.

1 Mr. Thomas
Brock.

1 Mr. T. G.

Jackson.

Mr. Richard
Bagot.

Mr.

Charles W.
Matthews.

1 Lord Desart.

igo3 {continued^.

Rowland Ponsonby Blennerhassett,
born 185-0 ; formerly M.P. ; K.C. ;
died 19 1 3.

Sir Alexander Henderson, Bart.,
born 1850; Chairman Railway Com-
panies' Association • M.P.

1904.

John Charles Bigham, born 1 840 ;
Q.C. ; M.P. ; created a Judge and
knighted, 1897; President of Divorce
and Admiralty Division, 1909 ;
P.C. ; created Baron Mersey, 19 10.

1905.

Lieut.-Col. Arthur Collins, born
184.5: ; C.B. ; died 191 1.

Richard Henn Collins, born 184a;
Q.C. ; created a Judge and knighted,
1 89 1 ; Lord Justice of Appeal, 1897-
190 1 ; Master of the Rolls, 1901 ;
P.C; created Baron Collins and
Lord of Appeal, 1907 ; died 191 1.

Thomas Brock, born 184.7 ? R«A. ;
K.C.B. 191 1 ; sculptor.

Thomas Graham Jackson, born 1835";
R.A. ; architect ; author of various
works on architecture ; created a
baronet 191 3.

Richard Bagot, born i860; novelist.

1906.

Willie Matthews, born

knighted, 1907 ; K.C.B.,

Director of Public Prosecu-

Charles
1850;
15*115

tions.

Hamilton John Agmondesham Cuffe,
fifth Earl of Desart, born 1848 ;
K.C.B.; Solicitor to the Treasury;
Member of International Court of
Arbitration at the Hague; Director
of Public Prosecutions.

1 Member of the Society, 1913.

Baron Mersey.

Baron Collins.

Sir Thomas
Brock.

Sir Thomas
Jackson.

Sir Charles
Matthews.

1I&

List of Members of

Mr. White-
law Reid.

Lord Sand-
hurst.

1 Sir Foster
CunlifFe.

1 Lord Burgh-
clere.

1 Sir Kenneth

Muir-

Mackenzie.
1 Sir George

Armytage.

1 Mr. W.
Chauncy
Cartwright.

1 Mr. F. W.
Pember.

1 Lord
St. Levan.

1 Mr. Justice
Pickford.
Lord New-
lands.

I907.

Whitelaw Reid, born 1837 ; Ambas-
sador for the United States to
England, 1905.

William Mansfield, second Baron
Sandhurst,borni8?f;P.C.,G.C.I.E.,
G.C.S.I. ; formerly Governor of
Bombay ; Lord Chamberlain.

Sir Foster Hugh Egerton Cunliffe,
Bart., born 1875-; succeeded his
father as sixth baronet, 1905 ; Fellow
of All Souls College, Oxford.

Herbert Coulston Gardner, first
Baron Burghclere, born 1864.;
formerly M.P.; President Board of
Agriculture, 1891; Warden of Win-
chester ; P.C.j created Baron Burgh-
clere, 1895-.

Kenneth A. Muir-Mackenzie, born
184.6; K.C., G.C.B.; Secretary to
the Lord Chancellor.

Sir George John Armytage, Bart.,
born 184.2; succeeded his father as
sixth baronet, 18pp.

1909.

William Chauncy Cartwright, born
1855 - Chief Clerk in Foreign Office;
K.C.M.G., ipio.

Francis William Pember, born 1862;
son of the late E. H. Pember, K.C. ;
Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford.

Sir John Townshend St. Aubyn, Bart.,
Baron St. Levan, born 1857; C.V.O.,
C.B. ; formerly Colonel Grenadier

Guards.

1910.

William Pickford, born 1848; Q.C.;
created a Judge and knighted, 1907.

Sir James Hozier, Bart., Baron New-
lands, born 1 8 5" 1 ; formerly in diplo-
matic service and M.P. ; succeeded
his father as second Baron Newlands,
1906.

1 Member of the Society, 1913.

Sir W. Chauncy
Cartwright.

the Society of Dilettanti

319

Sir Walter
Hely-
Hutchin-

son.

1 Hon.

Adolphus
Liddell.

1 Mr. F. G.
Kenyon.

1911.

Hon. Walter Hely-Hutchinson, born
1 84.9 ; son of Earl of Donoughmore ;
formerly Governor of Natal and
Governor of Cape of Good Hope
and High Commissioner in South
Africa- P.C.,G.C.M.G • died 1913.

Adolphus George Charles Liddell,
born 1846; son of Sir Adolphus
Liddell ; Assistant-Secretary to the
Lord Chancellor ; C.B.

Frederic George Kenyon, born 1863;
Director and Principal Librarian,
British Museum ; K.C.B. 1912.

Sir Frederic
Kenyon.

1 Lord Justice

Fletcher
Moulton.

1 Lord
Goschen.

Lord Hylton.

1 Hon. Hugh
J. Godley.

1 Hon. Arthur
Lyulph
Stanley.

1 Mr. T. B.

Clarke-
Thornhill.

1912.

John Fletcher Moulton, born 1844.;
formerly M.P. ; Q.C. ; created Lord
Justice of Appeal and knighted, 1 905 ;
P.C. ; created Baron Moulton, 1912.

George Joachim Goschen, second
Viscount Goschen, born i%66 ;
formerly M.P. and Private Secretary
to Governor of New South Wales ;
succeeded his father as second
Viscount Goschen, 1907. Chairman
of London County and Westminster
Bank.

Hylton George Hylton Jolliffe,
third Baron Hylton, born 1862;
formerly M.P. 5 succeeded his father
as third Baron Hylton, 1899.

Hugh John Godley, born 1877- eldest
son of first Baron Kilbracken.

Arthur Lyulph Stanley, born 1875";
eldest son of fourth Baron Sheffield ;
formerly M.P.j Governor of Victoria,
15)13.

T. Bryan Clarke-Thornhill, born
185-75 formerly in Diplomatic Ser-

vice.

Baron Moulton.

1 Member of che Society, 1913.

3^o'

List of Members

1 Mr. Cecil
Lubbock.

1 Mr. Dougal
Orme Mal-
colm.

» Sir H. Bab.
ington

Smith.

1913-

Cecil Lubbock, born i8yz : Director
of the Bank of England.

Dougal Orme Malcolm, born 18775
Colonial Office ; Secretary to Lord
Selborne in S. Africa and to Lord Grey
in Canada 5 Director of British S.
Africa Co.; Fellow of All Souls
College, Oxford.

Henry Babington Smith, born 1863 ;
formerly in the Treasury ; President
of Council of Administration of
Ottoman Public Debt, 1901 ; Secre-
tary to the Post Office, 1 903-9 ;
President of National Bankof Turkey
since 1909; K.C.B. 1908.

1 Member of the Society, 1913.

INDEX TO THE
SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER

Antiquities of lonta^ 244*, 24c,*-
x?}*; discovery of unpublished
plates, 24.5*, 246'*.

Archaeological research, the So-
ciety's contributions to, 242*-
244*, 248*-2^4*.

Architectural Association, 244*.

Armytage, Sir George, 240*.

Art, ancient, the Society's contri-
butions for the promotion of
a knowledge of, 248*-2?4*.

Belhaven, Lord, 242*.

British School at Athens, 241*,

243*.
British School at Rome, 244*.
Brock, Sir Thomas, 239*.
Burghclere, Lord, 240*.

Cartwright, Sir Chauncy, 240*.
Choate, Mr. Joseph, 240*.
Clive, General, 241*.
Collier, Hon. John, portrait by,

242*.
Collins, Lord, 240*; death of,

241*.
Colvin, Sir Sidney, 241*.
Cust, Mr. Lionel, 245*, 246*.

Davey, Lord, death of, 241*.
Davidson, Sir Edward, 240*.
Desart, Lord, 240*, 241*.

Dilettanti Society : revision of the
Rules and Regulations, 242* ;
its contributions towards the
study of archaeological research
and ancient art, 242*-244*,
248*-25"4* ; plates found in the
Archives, 244*.

Evans, Sir Arthur, excavations at
Knossos by, 243*.

Farquhar, Mr. Alfred, 240*.
Farrer, Sir William, death of,

240*; his gift of photogravures

to the Society, 241*.
Fraser, Sir William, death of,

24 r

Gibbs, Mr. Vicary, 24c*.
Goschen, Lord, 240*.

Hamilton, Mr. W. R., portrait of,

by Phillips, 242*.
Hardy, Mr. Dorofield, portrait by,

242*.
Hay, Col. John, 240*.
Hellenic Society, 241*.
Henderson, Sir Alexander, 240*.
Hichens, Mr. Andrew, 240*;

death of, 241*.
Hutchinson, Sir Walter Hely,

240* -, death of, 241*.

3 ix* Index to Supplementary Chapter

Islington, Lord, 240*.

J-
Jackson, Sir Thomas, 2 39*, 14.5*.

Kenyon, Sir Frederick, 239*.
Kingscote, Sir NigeJ, 242* ; death
of, 24.1*.

Lethaby, Prof. W. R., discovery
of plates by, 24.5*, 246*.

Liddell, Mr. Adolphus, 24c*.

Lyte, Sir H. Maxwel], 24c*.

Lyttelton, Spencer, 240*' death
of, 241*.

Mackenzie, Sir Kenneth Muir,

24c*.
Macmillan, Mr. George A., 243*,

246* ; elected Joint Secretary,

241*.
Mersey, Lord, 240*.
Moncrieff, Sir Colin Scott, 241*.
Moulton, Lord, 240*.
Mowbray, Sir Robert, 240*.

N.
Newlands, Lord, 240*.

Paget, Sir Richard, death of, 241*.

Pember, Mr. £. H., K.C., 242*;
death of, 241*; portrait of, by
Sir E. J. Poynter, 241*.

Pember, Francis, 240*.

Penrose, Mr. F. C, 243 *j death
of, 240*.

Pickford, Mr. Justice, 240*.

Poynter, Sir Edward, 242* ; por-
trait by, 241*.

Plymouth, Lord, 240*, 241*.

Principles of Athenian Architecture,
240*, 244*, 2^2*, 25-4*.

Pullan, Mr. R. P., 245*.

Read, Sir Hercules, 235)*.
Reid, Mr. Whitelaw, 240*.
Rosebery, Lord, 241*.
Royal Academy of Arts, 244*.
Royal Institute of British Archi-
tects, 244*, 246*.

Sandhurst, Lord, 240*, 241*.
Scott, Sir John Murray, death of,

241*.
Select Specimens of Ancient Sculpture^

244*, 2^o*-252*.
Simeon, Sir Barrington, death of,

241*.
Smith, Sir Cecil Harcourt, 239*,

245*.
Smith, Sir H. Babington, 240*.

Underdown, Mr. E. M., K.C.,

242*; death of, 241*.

Victoria and Albert Museum,
244*.

Walpole, Sir Spencer, 242*.

Wedderburn, Mr. Alexander
D. O., K.C., 240*.

Welby, Lord, 241*, 243*; por-
trait of, by the Hon. John Collier,
242*.

Wilkins, Mr. William, R.A.,
245*.

INDEX

Abdication^ resignation, 39-41.
Aberdeen, Earl of. See Hamilton-
Gordon.
Academy of Arts, schemes for an,

Academy of Painters, &c, letters
from, 74, ??•

Acton, Lord, 197.

Admission of members, form of
instrument for, 39.

Adye, Mr. Thomas, 31, 32.

Aegina Marbles, i^f, i<;6.

Ainslie, Sir Robert, 144 ; ambassa-
dor to the Ottoman Porte, 145: ;
his collection of Oriental coins,
14?.

Almack's, Society's removal to, 23.

Anson, Mr. Thomas, 8, 21.

Antiquities of Athens, The, 79,
80, 101, 103 n.

Apollo Didymaeus, temple of, 87,
1? ?.

Apollo Smintheus, temple of, 200.

Arch-Master of the ceremonies,
the, 29, 39 ; appointment of
Earl of Sandwich, 29 ; com-
mittee on apparelling, 29 ; robe,
cap, and sword, 29 ; suspension
of Earl of Sandwich, 30; Sir
Francis Dashwood appointed,
30; appointment of Mr. Savage,
30; modes of election, 30.

Archaeological Institute of Rome,
211, 212, 214.

Archaeological study, changed con-
ditions of, 209-211; revival
of, 212-214; Society's attitude
towards, 214, 217.

Archaeology, classical, 58, 69 ;
stimulated by Earl of Arundel,
70, 71 ; other collectors, 71,
72; explorations in situ : Noin-
tel and Carrey, 72, 73 ; Spon
and Wheler, 73 ; Chishull, 74;
Brettingham and Gavin Hamil-
ton, 74, 7? ; Stuart and Revett,
75*— 77 , Dawkins and Wood,
78, 79 ; Le Roy and Dalton, 79.

Archaeology, General, Chair of,
founded at Cambridge, 211.

Archer, Mr. Thomas (afterwards
Lord Archer), 8, 13, 14, 219;
President of first recorded
meeting of Society, 23.

Arundel Marbles, 70, 71.

Arundel Society, 190, 191.

Ascough, Mr., 62.

Ash, Dr., 109.

Ashburnham, Earl of, 77.

Ashburton, Lord. See Baring.

Asia Minor and Greece, expedi-
tion to, 81 , choice of Chandler,
Revett, and Pars, 83, 84; in-
structions, 84-87; their work
in the Troad and Ionia, 87,88 ;
approval of the Society, 88, 89 ;

gi(5

Index

work in Attica and the Morea,
89 ; return and reception, 90.

Astle, Mr. Thomas, 118, 113.

Athens, expedition of Stuart and
Revett to, 77; bombardment
of, 73, 131; British School of
Archaeology at, 207 ; Mr.
Penrose's investigations at, 208 ;
foreign schools at, 212.

Attica, The Unedited Antiquities of,
publication of, 163, 164.

Avignon declared to be in Italy,
38.

Azeglio, Massimo d', 194.

Bacchus's Tomb, 31-33.
Ball, Mr. John, F.R.S., 15)8.
Ballot,the,for election of members,

138, 139.
Balloting balls and bag, presented

by Mr. Ponsonby, 3a.
Bailoting-box, 31.
Bank of England, foundation of, 3.
Bankes, Mr. William John, 1 70.
Banks, Mr. (afterwards Sir)

Joseph, P.R. A., appointed Very

High Steward, 28 ; mentioned,

33, 35", 5>8> IOT, *©fc 111,221;
accompanied Captain Cook in
the Endeavour, 1 1 3 ; Treasurer
and Secretary of the Society,
114; portrait of, by Sir J.
Reynolds, 223 ; resolutions re-
specting a second portrait, 225'.

c Bard ' of the Society, appoint-
ment of Dick Edgcumbe as,
21, 67.

Baring, Sir Alexander (afterwards
Lord Ashburton), 184.

Baring, Mr. Thomas, 198.

Barrington, Viscount. See Wild-
man.

Battersea, Lord. See Flower.

Baudrier, Arch-Master's, pre-
sented by Earl of Sandwich, 30.

Bavaria, Crown Prince of, desires
to purchase the Elgin Marbles,
135; purchased the Aegina
Marbles, i<^6.

Beauclerk, Mr. Topham, 108.

Beaumont, Sir George Howland,
Bart., 109, 112, 117.

Bedford, Mr. F., 181.

Bedford, Duke of. See Russell.

Bedford Head Tavern, Covent
Garden, 5 ; first recorded meet-
ing of the Society held at, 22.

Bentinck, Mr. George Cavendish,
207.

Beresford-Hope, Mr. Alexander
J. B., 145.

Berkeley, Mr. Norborne, 20, 21,
45, 52, 83, 219.

Bessborough, Earl of. See Pon-
sonby.

Birch's British Worthies, 217.

Blessington, Earl of, 46 ; portrait
of, by Knapton, 219.

Bockh, 210.

Boone, Mr. Daniel, M.P., 8, 46,
1 1 o, 2 1 9 • m ember of East India
Company, 14 • confidential
friend of Frederick, Prince of
Wales, 14.

Botfield, Mr. Beriah, M.P., 18?.

Bouverie, Mr. John, 78.

Bowen, Sir Charles (afterwards
Lord Bowen), 196 -, his remark-
able personality, 15)7.

Boxall, Sir William, letter from,
234.

Boyle, Mr., i^n., 46, 215).

Boyne, Viscount, 8, 17, 36.

Bracciolini, Poggio, 69.

Brand, Mr. Thomas, 19, 46, 5-1,
67, 83, 104, 105- • portrait of,
by Knapton, 219.

Brettingham, Matthew, 75:, 76.

Index

Bristow, Mr. Robert, 8, 219.

Bristow, Mr. William, 34.

British Museum, foundation of,
3, 4; Society present marbles
and drawings to, 106 -, copy of
Pennant's History of London be-
queathed to, 113; bequest of
Sir Joseph Banks' library, 1 14 ;
Sir W. Hamilton's collection
purchased by, 115-; and the
Townley collection of marbles,
118; bequest of Payne Knight's
collection, 1 zo ; bequest by Sir
R. C.Hoareto, 144; fragments
of frieze, &c, from Teos, and
marbles, &c, from Priene pre-
sented to, ipp, 201.

British Museum Marbles, issue of,
165.

British School of Archaeology at
Athens, Society's interest in
establishment of, 205, zo6 -,
successful appeal for State assis-
tance, 208.

Brondsted, Chevalier Philip Oluf,
student of ancient Greek archi-
tecture, 177 ; gifts by, 177, 178 3
death of, 1803 mentioned, 209.

Brook, Mr., 51.

Broughton, Lord. See Hobhouse.

Buccleuch, Duke of, 108.

Building committees,46,47, ?9,62.

Building schemes, 45-47, ?<M^3'

Bunsen, 176, 109, an.

Burghersh, Lord (afterwards Earl
of Westmorland), 184.

Burlington, Earl of, 71.

Burney, Mr. E., 226.

Burton, Mr. (afterwards Sir) F. W.,
15)5", 208 ; elected Painter to
Society,236; resigned member-
ship, 236.

Bute, Earl of, 9, 1 1 .

Byng, Admiral, 10.

Byres, 12?.

Byron, Lord, and the Curse of
Minerva, 134; his satire on
the Earl of Aberdeen, 147.

Calthorpe, Sir A., 46.
Calthorpe, Sir Henry, 2157.
Calves' Head Club, story of the,

36'.
Camelford, Lord, proposal to sell

Camelford House to Society,

63.
Canova, the Italian sculptor, 125.
Carlisle, Earl of. See Howard.
Carlisle, fourth Earl of, 72.
Carmarthen, Marquess of, portrait

of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 221, 223.
Carrey, Jacques, his drawings of

the Parthenon pediments, 73 #.,

130.
Carteret, first Baron, collection

of, 71.
Cartwright, Mr. W. Cornwallis,

M.P., 187.
Casts from the antique, proposal

to form a gallery of, 58, 5:9.
Cavendish Square site, 46, 47 •

sale of, 48, 49.
Chair, the President's, 25, 27 ;

bills preserved in connexion

with it, 27.
Chandler, Richard, had charge of

the Society's expedition to

Athens, 843 mentioned, 90,

1 05 ; took degree of D.D. at

Oxford, 9 5: ; his Inscriptions and

Travels, y<$, y6.
Chantrey, Sir Francis, R.A., 136 •

his repeated rejection as mem-
ber, 171.
Charlemont, Lord, 60, 61, 74, j6,

79, 80, 81, 83, 108, 221.
Charles I, 71.
Charlotte, Princess, n.

3i8

Index

Charteris, Hon. Francis (after-
wards Lord Elcho, now Earl of
Wemyss), 186.

Chatham, Earl of, 10, 13.

Chevignard, Chevalier, 203, 204..

Chishull, Edmund, 74.

Chitty, Sir Joseph, 196.

Cholmondeley, Mr. Reginald, 197.

Christie, Mr. James, essay by, 166.

Chudleigh, Elizabeth, 20.

Churchill, 18.

Cipriani, G. B., 58.

Ciriaco of Ancona, 69.

Clanbrassil, Lord, 62, 105", 108.

Clarendon, Earl of. See Villiers.

Clarke, Mr. E., 17.

Clarke, Mr., of Sokoi, report on
temple of Athene Polias, 201 ^
presented coin of Orofernes,
204..

Classical enthusiasm, decline of,
in England, 211.

£ Club/ the, 14,2.

Cock,Mr.,auctioneer,negotiations
for purchasing his rooms, 60.

Cockerell, Mr. Charles Robert,
R.A., i<$6, nS?, 188, 198, 205);
dedications of his volumes, 191.

Coke, Mr. Thomas (afterwards
Earl of Leicester), 20, 74..

Colebrooke, Mr., 219.

Collier, Sir Robert (afterwards
Lord Monkswell), 196.

Colman, Mr. George, 10?, 108.

Colvin, Mr. Sidney, 195 ; ap-
pointed Secretary and Treasurer,
206; his resignation, 237;
portrait of, by Sir E.J. Poynter,
P.R.A., 237.

Combe, Dr., 123.

Combe, Mr. Taylor, 165, 171.

Commercial enterprise, extension
of British, 3.

Committee of Painters, Hay-
man's, l)^-')6.

Committees and quorums, 4.1.

Convivial excesses, 36, 37.

Conway, Harry, 21.

Conway, Lord, yi.

Conway, Sir Martin, Jfi, zo8.

Cook, Captain, 18, 113.

Cooke, Rev. J., tutor to Earl of

Sandwich, 18.
Corbould, H., 165, 180.
Cork, Earl of, 127.
Courten, Sir William, collection

of, 72.
Cowper, William, 2nd Earl,

F.R.S., 20, 14.3, 226.
Cracherode, Rev. C. M., 109, 1 10.
Crowle, Mr. John Charles, 62, 97,

109 -j Secretary of the Society,

112, 113 • portrait of, by Sir

J. Reynolds, 223.
Cumberland, Duke of, 14.
Cunliffe, Sir Robert, 196.

Dahomel, Jacob, jeweller, his bill
for the c Medusa 3 seal, 34.

Dallaway, Rev. James, 145-.

Dalling, Lord, 196.

Dalton, Richard, 79.

Darner, Mr., ji.

Dance, Mr. Nathaniel (afterwards
Sir N. Dance-Holland, Bart.),
109 ; minutes respecting his
portrait, 224.

Darcy, Robert, Earl of Holder-
nesse, 19, 77; ambassador to
Venice, 19 ; lord of the bed-
chamber to George II, and
Secretary of State, 19, 20*
Horace Walpole's description
of, 20 • his death, 20, 1 10.

Darling, Mr., QXH. (now Judge),
207.

Dashwood, Sir Francis, 8, 28, 43,

4*j +7> +8> 4-9* Tz> 58> 59, 6h

Index

319

80, 83, 99 ; principal founder
of Society, 9 ; M.P. and Chan-
cellor of Exchequer, 9 ; Baron
le Despencer, 9; his death, 10,
1 10 j appointed Arch-Master,
30 ; his device for great seal of
Society, 34; presented petitions
from Society to the king, 60,61 ;
and a copy of Ionian Antiquities,
94 ; portrait of, by Knapton, 117.

Davey, Sir Horace (now Lord
Davey), 196.

Dawkins, Mr. Edward, British
Minister at Athens, minute re-
specting him, 176 ; mentioned,
185, 226.

Dawkins, Mr. Henry, 81, 82;
neglect of Mr. Stuart to paint
his portrait, 220, 221.

Dawkins, Mr. James, his legacy
to the Society, 66, 81, 82;
mentioned, 78, 79, 80 ; neglect
of Mr. Stuart to copy his por-
trait, 220, 221.

Dawkins and Wood, their re-
searches in classical antiquities,
78, 79. See also Dawkins, J.,
and Wood, R.

Day, Mr. Alexander, 136".

Deering, Mr., 181.

Degge, Mr. William, 8, 17.

Delm£, Mr. Peter, 8.

Demeter, temple of, at Eleusis,
15-4.

Denny, Colonel William, 8, 14,
36, 79, 61, 83 ; portrait of, by
Knapton, 218.

De Quincey, 124.

Deskfoord, Lord, 21.

Despencer, Lord le. See Dash-
wood.

Devonshire, Duke of. See Hart-
ington.

Devonshire, first Duke of, 72.

D'Hancarville, otherwise Pierre

Francois Hugues, 116, 118,
121, 122, 123, 147.

Dickenson, Mr., 142, 1^6.

Dilettanti,Society of,its antiquity,
1 ; state of England at its
foundation, 2-4; date of founda-
tion, 4; originally a dining
society, 4 ; date of first records,
5: ; first meeting, 5- ; character
of original members, 5 ; choice
of name, 6 ; earliest meetings,
7 ; first probably held in Italy,
7; members in 1736", 7-2.0;
other members before 1750, 20,
21 ; practices and regulations,
22; places of meeting, &c,
22-24 ; officers, 25-3 1 ; its re-
galia, 31-34; dining practices,
34-36"; convivial excesses, 36,
37; Horace Walpole's sneer re-
specting, 36; election practices,
3 8-41 ; committeesand quorums,
41 ; miscellaneous activities —
the Westminst er Bridge Lottery,
42-45; finances in 1740 and
1 741, 45; foundation of General
Fund — building schemes, 45,
46 ; the Cavendish Square site,
46, 47 ; its abandonment and
the financial result, 48, 49 ;
promotion of the Italian opera,
49, 50 ; schemes for an Academy
of Arts, 5 1- 5 5; the Society's
plan, 5 5, 5-6 ; collapse of ne-
gotiations, 56 ; relations of the
Royal Academy to the Society,
T7? 5" ^ ; proposal to form a
gallery of castsfrom the antique,
58, 59 ; revival of building
scheme, 59 ; suggested sites —
the Green Park, 59-61; the
Star and Garter, 61-63 ; Camel-
ford House, 63 ; final abandon-
ment of building scheme, 63,
64 ; increasing riches of the

3io

Index

Society, 64 ; face-money, 64,
141,218,219,229; Rule-^z?#..Sw.
Vndec, 6<\.-66 ; various sources
of income, 66 -, incidental re-
cords, 66, 6j ; the Dilettanti
and classical archaeology, 68,
69 ; Sir James Gray and the
Society, 76, 77 -, election of
Stuart and Revett and others
as members, 77, 79; send an
expedition to Asia Minor, 8i-
83 j appoint Messrs. Chandler,
Revett, and Pars, 84 ; their in-
structions, 84-87 ; their work
in the Troad and Ionia, and
the Society's approval thereof,
87-89 ; publish Ionian An-
tiquities, 91-94- present copies
to the king, &o, 94, 9? ; pro-
pose to continue the publication
of the work, 96, 97 ; grant
leave to Sandby and Stuart
to use Pars's and Revett's
drawings, 97-100 ; appoint-
ment of a committee, 100, 101 •
publish vol. ii of Ionian An-
tiquities, 103, 104; custody of
their marbles, 104, 105" ; present
marbles and drawings to British
Museum, 1 06 • personal changes
in the Society, 107, 108; new
members, 108-110; deaths of
founders, no, in • new spirit
among their successors, in,
112; issue the Priapeia, 122-
124; work in Italy, 124, 125- ;
in Greece and Asia Minor,
125, 126; further enterprises,
126; publish Specimens of Antient
Sculpture, 126-128 ; lost oppor-
tunities, 129, 130, 132 ; action
of the Society during the con-
troversy respecting the Elgin
Marbles, 132-134, 136 ; in-
ternal changes in, 137; the

ballot, 138, 139; abolition of
forfeitures, 139; removal to
Parslow's, and afterwards to
the Thatched House, St. James's
Street, 141-143 ; zeal of new
members, 143 ; new Ionian
Committee appointed, 149 ; its
report on Gell's expedition,
I49~i5'2; Sir H. EnglefiekTs
appeal to the Society in respect
totheGell expedition, 160-16 2;
its results, 162, 163 ; issue of
new edition of Ionian Antiquities,
164; further activities: second
volume of the Specimens, 164,
1 65 ; difficulties and delays,
165, 166; mode of providing
for publishing expenses, 166-
168 ; a German scholar's tribute
to the work of, 169, 1 70 ;
number of members limited to
seventy, 167, 171; tardy re-
paration to the Earl of Elgin,
173, 174 ; set on foot a sub-
scription for the purchase of
the Bronzes of Siris, 179, 180 -,
supported Mr. Penrose's ap-
plication to Government in
respect to his investigation
of the Parthenon, 181; issue
of Investigations of Athenian
Architecture, 182, 183 -, members
elected during W.R. Hamilton's
secretaryship, 184-188; ap-
pointment of Mr. C. T. Newton
as correspondent, 188; his
correspondence from Syra and
Mitylene, 188, 189; on the
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus,
189, 190 j removals: new
Thatched House Tavern and
Willis's Rooms, 192, 193 ;
state of the Society, 193, 194 ;
accessions to its ranks, 194-
198 -, new antiquarian enter-

Index

3x1

prise : Mr. Pullan and the
temple of Teos, 198-200 ;
the Smintheum, 200 ; temple
of Priene, 20 1, 202 ; appeals
from various quarters, 205 •
changes and removals since
1888, 206 , 207; new members,
207, 208 ; discussions and
resolutions, 208 ; retrospect,
208-214.; conclusion, 215';
portraits of members, 216-237.

Dingley, Mr. Robert, 8, 47, 52,
83 ; collected works of art, 15.

Dining practices, 34-36.

Dinner money, 141.

Dinners, resolutions and regu-
lations respecting, 24, 3 ?.

Dodington, Bubb, a patron of art
and poetry, 21.

Dodwell, Mr., 175-.

Donaldson, 210.

Dorset, Duke of. See Middlesex.

Douglas, Marquess of, 134.

Drummond, Sir William, 1 34, 1 64.

Duncannon, Lord, 46", 52.

Dundas, Sir Lawrence, 171.

Dundas, Lord, the venerable
father of the Society, 97, 139,
176, 167, 171, 222, 226, 225;
portraits of, by Sir J. Reynolds
and Lawrence, 223, 230.

Dundas, Sir R., 230.

Dundas, Mr. Thomas (afterwards
Earl of Zetland), 171, 216.

Eastlake, Sir Charles Lock,
P.R. A., Painter to Society, 185,
233 ; death of, 234.

Edgcumbe, Hon. Captain G.,
quaint resolution to enable
him to become a member, 38.

Edgcumbe, Hon. Richard, wit,
versifier, and draughtsman, 21 j

appointed c Bard' to the Society,
21, 67.

Egremont, Earl of. See Wyndham.

Elcho, Lord. See Charteris.

Election practices of the Society,
38-41.

Elgin, Earl of,letters from, minutes
respecting, 130; appointed to
the embassy at Constantinople,
1 3 1 ; Harrison's suggestion re-
specting casts, &c, of ancient
Greek sculptures, 131; action
taken, 132- mentioned, 158;
reparation to, 173, 174; death
of, 174.

Elgin Marbles, 131-136".

Ellis, Mr. Welbore (afterwards
Lord Mendip), 21, 83, 219.

Elphinston, Hon. Mountstuart,
184.

Elton, Mr., QX2., i96.

Englefield, Sir Henry C, Bart.,
105), 112, 126, 128, 133,
149, 1^2, 160, 226; ap-
pointed Secretary of Society,
120 j minute respecting him
and the Gell expedition, 156,
157 ; his appeal to the Society
in respect to publication of
drawings, &c, collected by the
expedition, 160-162; its re-
sults, 162, i6"3 ; his death,
168, 169 ; portrait of, by Law-

rence,

225).

Ephesus, temple of Diana at,
Mr. J. T. Wood's excavations
at, 208.

Esterhazy, Prince, 171.

Face-money, 64, 141,229; institu-
tion of, 218, 219.
Falkener, Mr., architect, 204.
Farnborough, Lord. See Long.

3 xx

Index

Farrer, Sir W. J., 196, Z07.

Fauquier, Mr. William, 8, 3Z,
46, 51, 61, 66, 83, 88, no,
nz; Registrar and Secretary
of Order of the Bath, 1 5 ;
Secretary and Treasurer of
Society, 1^ ; death of, 15,
1 10 ; resignation of office,
1 ix; portrait of, by Knapton,
zi8.

Fazakerly, Mr. John Nicholas,
170.

Fielding, Mr. Charles, 8.

Fergusson, Mr. James, 195:, 203.

Fines for non-attendance at
dinners, &c, 3 ?.

First rule of the Society, -2.3.

Fitzgerald, Mr. Edward, 196.

Fitzgerald, Mr. Robert, 108.

Flaxman, Mr., minute granting
him permission to model a
bas relief, 107 ; mentioned,
13*.

Flower, Mr. Cyril (now Lord
Battersea), 19?.

Forfeitures, abolition of, 1 39-141.

Foster, Mr. F., iz8.

Founders of the Society, deaths
of, no, in.

Fountain, the, in the Strand,
removal to, 23.

Fountaine, Sir Andrew, 7-1.

Fox, Mr. Charles J., 108, 123.

France, its share in the classic
revival of the eighteenth cen-
tury, 1 a?.

Fraser, Sir William Augustus,
M.P., 187.

Frederick, Prince of Wales, 9,
10, 16 n.

Frederick II of Prussia, 16.

Fremantle, Sir Charles, Z07.

Frere, Mr. John Hookham, 170.

Freshfield, Mr. Douglas, 208.

Fuseli, 134.

Gage, Mr., minute respecting,
24.

Galway, Viscount, 8, 17; por-
trait of, by Knapton, zi8.

Gandy and Bedford, Messrs.,
draughtsmen to Society, thanks
and rewards to them in con-
nexion with Gell expedition,
157, i?8.

Gandy, Mr. J. M., 158.

Gandy, Mr. J. P., 15-8, 175-.

Garrick, David, 109.

Gaskell, Mr. Milnes, 196.

Gell, Sir William, ^z, 144, 15-8 ;
Byron's satire on him, 148 ;
sent on diplomatic mission to
Ionian Islands, 148 ; his knight-
hood, 148 «. ; his proposed ex-
pedition to Greece and Asia
Minor, 149— 1 yz ; Mr. Lawrence
directed to paint his portrait,
15-7, Z30 ; settled in Italy, 174 ;
devoted himself to Pompeian
antiquities, 175"; appointed
Resident Plenipotentiary of
Society in Italy, 175- ^ his corre-
spondence, 175-; assisted by
Society in publication of his
Topography of Rome, 175-, 176;
death of, 17*.

General Archaeology, Chair of,
at Cambridge, foundation of,
zn.

General Fund, foundation of, 45-,
4.6; resolution against its
alienation, 49.

George II, his accession a land-
mark in English history, z ;
mentioned, 11.

George III, 1 1, 79.

Gerhard, zio, zn.

Gibbon, 1Z3.

Goderich, Lord. See Robinson.

Index

til

Goethe, translated Payne Knight's
Sicilian diary, up.

Gore, Mr. Charles, artist and anti-
quary, ioo, i op; his tour in
Sicily, 1 1 8, up; his drawings,

lip.

Goupy, the fan-painter, 77.

Grafton Galleries, removal to, 207.

Granby, 21.

Grand Hotel, removal to, 206".

Grand Tour, the, considered indis-
pensable, 4 ; young English-
men on, 6, 74.

Grant-DufF, Sir Mountstuart, ip8.

Graves, Hon. Henry, his portrait
of Lord Broughton, 234..

Gray, Mr. (afterwards Sir) George,

8> 31, +5, 48, 7*> 5f, ?%6°,
61, 66, 8a, p3, p4, p6, no;
major-general and colonel of
37th Foot, 12; Secretary and
Treasurer of Society, 13, 27;
death of, 13, no; portrait of,
by Knapton, 218.

Gray, Sir James, Bart., 11 ; Horace
Walpole's description of, 12.

Gray, Sir James (eldest son of
the above), 8, 16, 36, 46, 61,

6*, 7*> Hi 835 9l'-> appoint-
ments held by, 12 ; death of,

12, no; reprimanded by
Society, 16 ; directed construc-
tion of Bacchus' s Tomb, 3 1 ;
portrait of, by Knapton, 217.

1 Grecian Gusto/ a fashionable
craze, 81.

Greece and Asia Minor, Mr.
Gell's expedition to, 14.9- 164..

Green Park, attempt to secure a
site in, 60, 61.

Grenfell, Sir Francis, 208.

Grenville, Hon. Richard (after-
wards Earl Temple), 8 ; public
appointments of, 13; death of,

13, no.

Greville, Hon. Charles (younger
son of Earl of Warwick), 35",
108, 112, 118; Very High
Steward of Society, 113,114.; his
connexion with Emma Lyon,
115; portraits of, 11 ?, 223.

Greville, Mr. Henry, offer of use
of his rooms in Argyle Street,
142.

Grimston, Mr. Thomas, 8.

Hackert, Johann Philipp, tour in
Sicily with Knight and Gore,
118, up.

Haddock, Elka, bill for Presi-
dent's chair, 27.

Halifax, Earl of. See Montagu,
George.

Hallam, Henry, the historian, 170.

Haller, i<$6, 20p.

Hamilton, Gavin, the painter, 75,
j6, 117, 12?.

Hamilton, Sir William, K.B.,
1 op, 112, 123; his collections
of Greek antiquities, 11 7, 116";
his discovery of the Isernian
ritual, 120, 121 ; his notes and
drawings, I2p, 130 ; death of,
130; portrait of, by Sir J.
Reynolds, 223.

Hamilton, Mr. W. R., secretary
to Lord Elgin, 133 ; twice re-
jected as member of Society,
133 ; mentioned, 135*, iftf,
ipi,ip2; succeeded Sir Thomas
Lawrence as Secretary, 172 ;
latter years of his secretaryship,
183 ; compiled list of members
of Society from its foundation,
183, 184; members elected
under his regime, 184-18P ;
secretary of English section

Y 2

3*4

lndex

of Archaeological Institute of
Rome, 214.
Hamilton-Gordon, George, fourth
Earl of Aberdeen, 127, 128,

*33) n6> Hh x44, *?*j ^o;
took both sides in Elgin Marbles

controversy, 133, 134., 136;
founded the Athenian Society,
147 ; satirized by Byron, 147 ;
his portrait, 147 ; drew up in-
structions to the Gell expedi-
tion, 152.

Handel and Italian opera, 70.

Harcourt, Mr. Simon (afterwards
Viscount Harcourt), 8, 3d, 43 •
public appointments held by,
II j sent to Germany to marry by
proxy the Princess Charlotte,
11 ; death of, 11, no; Horace
Walpole's description of, II.

Hardinge, Hon. Charles (after-
wards Viscount Hardinge), i8<5".

Hardwicke, Earl of, iyy, iytf.

Harley, Edward, second Earl of
Oxford, 72.

Harper, Rev. J., letter from, 106.

Harris, Mr. Henry, 8, 43, 44,
46; High Steward of Society,
1 5, 28 , Commissioner of Wine
Licences, 15 ; death of, iy,i 10 ;
firstTreasurer of Society, 27 j de-
nominated Very High Steward,
28; portraitof,byKnapton,2i8.

Harris, Mr. James, letter of, 95.

Harrison, Thomas, 130 ; his sug-
gestion to Earl of Elgin, 131.

< Harry the Fifth/ the, or £ The
Gang/ a dining society, 1 5- n.

Hartington, William, Marquess of
(afterwards Duke of Devon-
shire), 21 ; Prime Minister, 21.

Hawkins, Mr. E., 165.

Hawkins, Mr. John, F.R.S., the
naturalist, 144; collected ob-
jects of Greek art, 145-.

Hay, Hon. Robert (afterwards
Archbishop), 8, 16; his death,

I7-
Haydon, Benjamin Robert, the

painter, his campaign in favour

of the Elgin Marbles, 134, 135.

Haymarket, the, Italian opera at
the King's Theatre in, 50, yi.

Health drinking, resolution
against, 35-; rescinded, 37.

Heber, Mr. Richard, 170.

Heidegger and Italian opera, 5:0.

Hervey, Mr. Augustus, 108.

Hervey, Lord, duel with Mr.
Crowle, 113.

Heseltine, Mr., 208.

Heytesbury, Lord, 18?.

Higginson, Colonel (now General
Sir George), 196.

High Steward, the, 28, 46; a
dress suggested, 28 ; his staff'
or baton of office, 28.

Hippisley, Sir John, M.P., 185, 226.

Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, Bart,
made tours in Italy and Sicily,
144; presented books and
drawings to British Museum,
144.

Hobart, Lord, 77.

Hobhouse, Sir John Cam (after-
wards Lord Broughton of Gyf-
ford), his Radical opinions,
185 ; Secretary of War and
President of Board of Control,
18?; mentioned, 198, 233;
portrait of, by Graves, 23?.

Hochberg (or Hohberg), Baron,
portrait of, by Knapton, 215).

Hodgson, Mr. Stewart, 195.

Hogarth, William, 4 ; his carica-
ture of c The Five Orders of
Perriwigs/ 80 n.

Holdernesse, Earl of, 12, 46, yi,
52, 77, no; portrait of, by
Knapton, 215;. See also Darcy.

Index

3*5"

Holford, Mr. R. S., i%6.

Holroyd, Mr. Charles, copied for
the Society Lord Leighton's
picture of himself, 237.

Hope, Mr. Henry Philip, 146, 226.

Hope, Mr. Henry Thomas, 14.6.

Hope, Mr. Thomas, of Deepdene,
116, 127, 144, 226, 2,2.7; his
collection of marbles, 146 ; his
taste for furniture, 14.6 ; works
written by him, 14.6.

Horner, Mr. Francis, inscription
on his presentation copy of
The Unedited Antiquities of Attica,
1 64.; mentioned, 170.

Hoskins, Sir Anthony, 201.

Houghton, Lord. See Milnes.

Howard, George, Lord Morpeth
(afterwards sixth Earl of Car-
lisle), 6 2, 143, 144, 14.6, 1 5-6, zi6.

Howard, Mr. George (present Earl
of Carlisle), 195:.

Howe, Mr. John, of Hanslope, 8,
i<;n., 4.6, 4.7, 61, 83 ; an active
member of the Society in its
early days, 13 ; death of, no j
portrait of, by Knapton, 217.

Hyde, Lord. See Villiers.

Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 209.

Hume, Sir Abraham, a leading
authority on the fine arts, 144.

Inkstand, silver, 34; presented
to Sir H. Englefield on resig-
nation of secretaryship, 34. •
presentation of a, to Mr.
Wilkins, R.A., 169.

Investigations of Athenian Architec-
ture, issue of, by Society, 182,

l83- . ..

Ionian Antiquities, quoted, 4., 7,

82, 82, 91, 92; choice of
materials for, 91 ; preparation

and publication of volume, 92-
94; presentation copies, 94,
95 j proposed continuation of,
96, 97 ; appointment of a com-
mittee, 100, 10 1 ; publication
of vol. ii, 103, 104 ; new
edition of, 164 ; proposed con-
tinuation of, 180; fourth
volume proposed, 201, 202 ;
time and mode of publication,
202-204 ; Mr. Ruskin's gift in
aid of expenses, 202.

Ionian Committee, new, 149 ;
report on GelFs proposed ex-
pedition, 149-152; publish
The Unedited Antiquities of
Attica, 164.

Isernia, the ritual of, Sir William
Hamilton and, 120, iai.

Italian opera, promotion of, 49,
So.

Italy, leave to propose members
by members residing in, 38.

Jebb, Professor, 197, 214.

Jeffries and Pars, Academy stu-
dents sent to Italy by Society,
T8.

c Jemmy Twitcher,' nickname of
Earl of Sandwich, 18.

Jenkins, 117, 125-.

Jeune, Sir Francis, 207.

Kestner, 156, 209, 211.

King's Arms, Pall Mall, a meet-
ing-place of the Society, 23 ;
regalia removed from, 23.

Kingscote, Sir Nigel, 207.

Kingston, Duchess of, 108.

Kingston, Duke of, 83 ; paid
face-money, 219.

Ii6

Index

Knapton, Mr. George, Painter to
Society, 8 ; designed balloting
box, 3 1 ; directed ornamenta-
tion, &c, of lid of Bacchus's
Tomb, 32 ; mentioned, 46, 64,
77 • death of, no; portraits
painted by, 216 -219 ; resig-
nation of office, 219.

Knight, Mr., 227, 226".

Knight, Mr. Henry Gaily, 170.

Knight, Mr. Richard Payne, 100,
102, 109, 112, 123, 126,
127, 129, 130, 1 77, 164, itfo;
tour in Sicily with Gore and
Hackert, 118, 119; his Sici-
lian diary translated by Goethe,
119; wrote essays on ancient
art, 120; his collection of
antiquities and drawings by old
masters, 120; compiled the
Vriapeia, 1 22 ; his influence in
discrediting the Elgin Marbles,
133; death of, 167, 169; his
essay on An Inquiry into the
Symbolical Language of Ancient
Arts and Mythology, 167, 166 ;
portrait of, by Lawrence, 228.

Kruse, Dr. F. C. H., tribute to the
Society's work, 169; correspon-
dence with Mr. Gell, 1 70 ».

Landor, quoted, 198.

Langlois, Mr., 3?.

Langton, Mr. Bennet, 108.

Lansdowne, Marquis of, 127, 198.

Lawrence, Sir Thomas, P.R.A.,
109, 136", 177,226,227; Secre-
tary to Society, 169, 231 ; ap-
pointed Painter to Society, 227;
portraits painted by him, 228,
229, 230 ; letter on question of
portrait-groups, 228, 229 ; un-
fulfilled orders to, 230 ; or-
dered to paint his own portrait,

230, 231 ; succeeded Mr. West
as P.R.A., 231.

Layard, Sir Henry, 211.

Leake, Captain (afterwards Lieut.-
Colonel) William Martin,
144; assisted in conveying
Elgin Marbles to England, 148 ;
his collections of marbles and
bronzes, 141 ; his share in super-
intending issue of The Unedited
Antiquities of Attic a, 168.

Legge, Mr. H. Bilson (afterwards
Chancellor of Exchequer), 21.

Leicester, Earl of. See Colce.

Leighton, Mr. Frederic (after-
wards Sir F. and Lord), P.R.A.,
his accomplishments, 197 ; his
compliment to Sir C. T.
Newton, K.C.B., 197 ; men-
tioned, 202, 203 ; succeeded
Sir Charles Eastlake as Painter
to Society, 234 ; his portrait of
Sir Edward Ryan, 237 ; granted
leave to become Sculptor to
Society, 236"; death of, 236".

Le Roy, 79.

Lessing, indebted to Spence's
Poly metis, 1 1 9.

Liddell, Sir Henry (afterwards
Baron Wentworth), 8, 46, 219,
224; father of the Countess of
Upper Ossory, 17.

Ligonier, Lord, 108.

Limmers* Hotel, removal to, zo6.

Linckh, 176.

Lincoln, Earl of, 17.

Lindsay, Sir Coutts, 197.

Lloyd, Mr. William Watkiss, an
enthusiastic student of and
writer on ancient art, &c, 187;
mentioned, 198, 199, 203, 204;
temporarily officiated as Secre-
tary and Treasurer, 206 ; por-
trait of, by Miss Bush, presented
to Society, 236.

Index

Loch, Lord, 207.

Long, Sir Charles (afterwards

Lord Farnborough), a leading

authority on the fine arts, 144.
Long, Sir Robert, 8.
Louis XVIII, 173.
Lowell, Mr. J. Russell, American

ambassador, ic>8.
Lucas, Mr. Arthur, 208.
Lusieri, Neapolitan painter, made

drawings of Greek sculptures

for Earl of Elgin, 132.
Luttrell, Mr. Simon, 8.
Lyon, Emma, mistress of Hon.

Charles Greville, 115".
Lytton, Lord, 196.

MACHiAVELLi,his dress to be model

for that of Secretary, 28.
Mackenzie, Kenneth, de jure Earl

of Seaforth, 21.
Mackye, Mr. John Ross, 21, 46 ;

paid face-money, 219.
Malone, Mr., 123.
Malton, Earl of. See Watson-

Wentworth.
Marbles, the Society's, custody of,

104, 105: • presented to British

Museum, 106.
Marlay, Mr. Brinsley, 195".
Marlborough, Duke of, 108.
Marochetti, Baron, 187.
Mathias, the satirist, attacked

Payne Knight for writing the

Priapeia, 124.
Mayer (otherwise Myers), L., 104.
Mazarin, Cardinal, 71.
Mead, Dr., collection of, 71 ;

mentioned, 74.
Meade, Hon. R. H., 15*8.
Medmenham Abbey, orgies at, 9,

18.
Mendip, Lord. See Ellis.

Metcalfe, Mr. Philip, 109, 226";
Treasurer to Society, 1 14.

Michaelis, Professor, his Ancient
Marbles In Great Britain, 215".

Middlesex, Charles Sackville, Earl
of (afterwards Duke of Dorset),
8, 36, 46, 5-1, 61, 66, 83 ; tour
in France and Italy, 10; a great
supporter of the Italian opera,
10, 5:0* death of, 10, no;
Horace Walpole's description
of, 11; his company of Italian
artists, ^o; failure of the scheme,
fi ; portrait of,by Knapton,2i7.

Midleton, Viscount, 1 5 n.

Milnes, Mr. Richard Monckton
(afterwards Lord Houghton),
112, 188, 201; his article on
Hamilton's Historical Notices of
Society, 186.

Minute-book, first entries in, f ;
Latin style adopted for dates,
f ; commencement of present
series of red-morocco books,

Minutes of committees, separate
book provided for, 31.

Mitchell, Sir Andrew, 8 ; envoy
to Court of Prussia, 16.

Mitford, Mr., 226".

Moira, Earl of. See Rawdon.

Moncrieff, Sir Colin Scott, 207.

Monkswell, Lord. See Collier.

Montagu, George, Lord Sunbury
(afterwards Earl of Halifax), 20.

Montagu, John, fourth Earl of
Sandwich, his birth and edu-
cation, 17; his tour in the
Mediterranean, &c, 18; British
plenipotentiary at the Peace of
Aix-la-Chapelle, 18 ; a supporter
of Captain Cook in his expedi-
tions, 1 8 ; Sandwich Islands and
sandwiches named after him, 18;
nicknamed 'Jemmy Twitcher,'

3i8

Index

1 8 • his great capacity for work,
ip; the Society greatly indebted
to him, 19; mentioned, 29, 35,
36, 38, jrj, <tf, 7+, 83; sus-
pended from office of Arch-
Master for contempt, 30; death
of, no; his character, in*
portrait of, by Knapton, 219.

Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley,
quoted, 6, 12.

Montagu, Lord Robert (afterwards
Duke of Manchester), 8.

Montague House, unsuccessful
attempt to secure a room in, 49.

Morpeth, Lord. See Howard.

Morritt, Mr. J. Bacon Sawrey, of
Rokeby, supported Earl of Elgin
in controversy respecting Elgin
Marbles, 136", 14.7; mentioned,
144, 226 -j a friend of Sir Walter
Scott, 145- ; his travels in Greece
and Asia Minor, 14.5 ; a
leading member of the Society,
14.6; one of the founders of
the Travellers' Club, 146" ;
essay by, 166 $ portrait of, by
Shee, 232.

Mottoes, two traditional, of the
Society, 215'.

Mulgrave, Lord. See Phipps.

Miiller, Carl Otfried, 210.

Munro, Mr. H. A. Johnstone, of
Novar, 186.

Museum of Classical Archaeology
at Cambridge, opening of, 213.

Museum Worsleyanum^ \\6.

New Committee of Publication,

appointment of, 116.
New members, 108-1 10 ; zeal of,

143, 144.
New Thatched House Tavern,

removal to, 192, 193.

Newton, Mr. (afterwards Sir)
C.T., 87,212,213 ; Vice-Consul
at Mitylene, 188 ; appointed
correspondent to Society, 188 ;
his correspondence from Syra
and Mitylene, 188, 185*; on the
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus,
189, 190 ; the Society's pro-
posals, 189; elected a member
of Society, 15)4 ; his character,
194 ; made K.C.B., 15)5- ; Sir
F. Leighton's compliment on
the occasion, 19? ; offered use of
his house to Society, 206".

Newton, Mr. James, 101, 103.

Newton, Mr. William, 101, 102.

Nicholson, Sir Charles, 201.

Niebuhr, 209.

Noel, Mr. James, 8.

Nollekens, 136".

Norfolk, Duke of, lent his robes
for use of President, 16 ; sus-
pected, with others, of secreting
the old toga, 26; mentioned,
142, 171, 224, 22?, 230.

Northampton, Marquess of, 184.

Northcote, Sir Stafford, 208.

Northwick, Lord. See Rushout.

Original members, their char-
acter, 5".

Oxford, Earl of. See Harley.

Oxford, University of, part of
Arundel collection presented
to, 71.

Paget, Mr. (now Right Hon. Sir)
Richard, 196.

Painters to the Society — George
Knapton, 8, 216-219 • James
Stuart, 219-221 ; Sir Joshua
Reynolds, 221-22?; Sir

Index

3*9

Thomas Lawrence, aa^-a^i;
Sir Martin Archer Shee, 231-
233 j Sir Charles Lock East-
lake, 233 • Sir Frederic Leigh-
ton, 234-236"; Sir F. W.
Burton, 2 36 ; Sir E. J. Poynter,
236.

Palmerston, Viscount, 108, 181.

Panizzi, Principal Librarian of
the British Museum, 187, 198.

Panofka, 210.

Pars, William, 58, 83, 84, 90, 94,
100,1 16"; associatedwithChand-
ler and Revett in Society's ex-
pedition to Athens, 84- ; Sandby
granted leave to publish his
drawings of Athens, 97.

Parslow's, removal to, 141.

Parthenon, Mr. Penrose's proposal
to investigate alleged anomalies
in the construction of the, 180,
181 ; supported by Society,
1 8 1 • publication of results, 1 8a,
183.

Parthenon Marbles, the, Carrey's
drawings of, 7a, 73, and note j
their condition at a later date,
130, 131.

Payne and White, publishers of
Specimens of Antient Sculpture,
127, 128.

Payne-Gallwey, Mr. Stephen, por-
trait of, by Sir J. Reynolds,
223.

Peachey, Hon. John (afterwards
Lord Selsey), 100, 106, 109,
112, 116, 1 26, 226", 227; formed
collection of marbles, 117.

Peel, Sir Robert, Prime Minister,
170.

Pember, Mr. E. H., QX}., i96 ;
joint Secretary and Treasurer,
206.

Pembroke, Earl of, collection of,
at Wilton House, 71.

Pennant's History of London, copy
of, bequeathed to British Mu-
seum by Crowle, 113.

Penrose, Mr. F. C, publication of
his Principles of Athenian Archi-
tecture; 185- ^ the present father
of Society, 186 ; adopted Wat-
kiss Lloyd's Theory of Propor-
tion, 187,104; mentioned, 190,
198, 203 j further investigations
at Athens, 208 ; Director of
British school at Athens, 214.

Petitions to the king for leave to
build in the Green Park, do,
61.

Petty, William, 70.

Phelps, Mr., American ambassa-
dor, 198.

Philae, scheme for barrage of the
Nile at, opposed by Society,
208.

Phipps, Mr. Constantine (after-
wards Lord Mulgrave), 35-, 97,
105-, 108 ; portrait of, by Sir
J. Reynolds, 223.

Pierrepoint, Evelyn, Duke of
Kingston, 20.

Pilkington, Sir Lionel, 8, 17.

Pitt, Mr. G., 221.

Planta, Mr., 123.

Pola, temple at, chosen as model
for Society's proposed new
building, 47, y6.

Pollock, Sir W. F., Secretary to
Society, 193, 197 ; his friends,
196 ; a Dante scholar, 1 y6 ;
mentioned, 203 ; death of, 206".

Pomfret, Earl of, 71.

Pompeiana, Sir William Gell's, 177.

Ponsonby, Mr. William (after-
wards Viscount Duncannon
and Earl of Bessborough), 8,
74, 83, 105-, no, 123; Lord
of Treasury and Postmaster-
General, 13 ; a most active art

3go

Index

collector, 13 ; death of, 13,
in ; presented Society with
balloting balls and bag, 32 •
portrait of, by Knapton, 218.

Portland, Duke of, 12,3.

P rtrait-gr ups. See Reynolds.

Portraits of members, t\6-i7)'] ;
various resolutions and orders
as to, 224, 227, 229, 230 ;
proposed series of engravings of,
233 ; applications from Man-
chester, South Kensington, &c,
for loan of pictures, 233, 234 ;
letter of thanks from Sir W.
Boxall, 234.

Potter, Mr. Justice, 99, 100.

Powerscourt, Lord, 197.

Poynter, Mr. (afterwards Sir)
E. J., Painter to the Society,
208, 236; P.R.A., 236; his
portrait of Mr. Sidney Colvin,
237.

President, the, first chosen in
rotation, 2? ; office compulsory,
25 ; power to decline upon
paying fine, 2? ; a scarlet
Roman dress decided on, 25 •
this form of dress still used,
26 ; duty of Painter to arrange
its folds, 16 ; suspicious dis-
appearance of old toga, 16 j
new one provided, 27 ; special
chair, the £ Sella Curulis/ 27 ;
bills in connexion therewith, 27.

Priapeia, the, 122, 123 • reception
of the volume, 123, 124.

Priene, excavations by Mr. Pullan
at the temple of Athene
Polias at, 201 ; marbles and
inscriptions from thence pre-
sented by Society to British
Museum, 201.

Principles of Athenian Architecture,
publication of, 185^ new
edition, 204.

Publishing expenses, mode of
providing for, 166-16%.

Pugin, an.

Pullan, Mr. R. P., appointed by
Government to assist Mr.
Newton at Halicarnassus, 190 ;
andatBudrum, 198 ; his proposal
to Society to examine sites of
Teos, &c, 198 ', authorized to
explore temple of Bacchus at
Teos, 199; minute upon his
report, 199 • Mr. Lloyd's
opinion on result of exploration,
199 ; supported by Society in
candidature for post of Vice
Consul, 200 ; again employed
by Society in the Troad, 200 j
mentioned, 201.

Qualification for membership of
society, 38.

Ravens worth, Baron. te*Liddell.
Rawdon, Sir John (afterwards

Earl of Moira), 32 • portrait of,

by Knapton, 219.
Ray, Miss, mistress of Earl of

Sandwich, murder of by the

Rev. J. Hackman, 18.
Redcliffe, Lord Stratford de, 189.
Revett, Mr., prepared design for

further adornment of Bacchus's

Tomb, 33 • mentioned, 47, 53,

83? H, 93, 94? 96> 91 y 99-> iooj
105-, 116; Stuart allowed to use

his drawings of Athens, 97.

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, Painter to

Society, received a reprimand,

2.6 ; first President of Royal

Academy, 57 ; mentioned, 62,

105? ; his appointment as Painter

to Society, 221 ; his portrait,

Index

3?i

221 5 his two great portrait-
groups, 221-223 ; death of, 115" •
loan of his portrait to the Gr s-
venor Gallery, 236.

Reynolds portrait-groups, the,
107, 221-223 ; bill for fram-
ing, 222 n. • committees ap-
pointed to report on condition
of, 14.9, 226", 227 ; members
represented in, 223 ; steps taken
for their preservation, 227,
227 ; engraved in mezzotint
by Messrs. Turner and Say,
227, 228 • inquiries into state
of pictures, 232, 233; loan
of, to Grosvenor Gallery and
National Gallery, 236".

Richmond, Charles Lennox, third
Duke of, ?8, 108 ; his collection
of paintings, &c, y8.

Ridley, Sir Matthew White, M.P.,
Iff.

Robinson, Hon. Frederick (after-
wards Lord Goderich and Earl
ofRipon), 170.

Robinson, Sir T. (afterwards Lord
Grantham), f$>, 83, 108, 145-.

Rockingham, Earls of. See Wat-
son.

Rodney, 21.

Roe, Sir Thomas, 70.

Rolle, Margaret, Countess of
Orfbrd, 14.

Rome, British artists in, 74, j<j.

Romney, the painter, 11?.

Rose, 210.

Rosebery, Lord, 198.

Roxburghe, Duke of, 108, 123.

Royal Academy, foundation of, 4,
57; its relations with Society,?7.

Royal Society, older than Society
of Dilettanti, 2 ; fostered science
and research, 3.

Rule Ann. Soc. Undec, 64.-66.

Rushout, Sir John (afterwards

Lord Northwick), 127, 144,
149, 227 • his collection of
Greek coins and paintings by
old masters, 147.

Ruskin, Mr., gift from, towards
publishing vol. iv of Ionian
Antiquities , 203 j mentioned,
204, 211.

Russell, John, fourth Duke of Bed-
ford, Lord-Lieutenant of Ire-
land and ambassador to France,
19 ; Horace Walpole's descrip-
tion of, 19; his characteristics,
19; mentioned, 38, 46, 5*3,
66,80,83,171; his death, no 3
portrait of, by Knapton, 219.

Russell, John, R.A., well-known
painter, first appearance in
public, 6 j.

Ryan, Sir Edward, Secretary to
Society, 184, 153 ; mentioned,
185", 15*7; death of, 196; portrait
of, by Leighton, 235".

St. George, Mr., 77.

St. John, Colonel Henry, 108.

St. Martin's Lane Academy, 4, 5 1 .

Salamis, proposed fund to aid
archaeological research at, 208.

Sandby, Paul, artist, granted leave
to publish engravings from
Pars's drawings of Athens, 97;
presented a set to Society, 98.

Sandwich, Earl of. See Montagu,
John.

Savage, Mr., appointed Arch-
Master, 30 ; portrait of, by
Knapton, 218.

Savile, Lord, 207.

Scott, Sir Walter, 145.

Sc afton, Mr. Luke, 108.

Seaforth, Earl of, 221 ; portrait
of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 223.

3gx

Index

Seal of the Society, 3 3 ; proposed
device and motto, 33 ; aban-
doned in favour of the 'Medusa,'
34 ; bill in connexion with the
latter, 34.

Sebright, Sir Thomas, 77.

Secretaries of the Society : Col.
George Gray, 13, 27, 4?;
Mr. William Fauquier, 1 y, 1 12 •
Mr. Crowle, 112; Sir Joseph
Banks, 113, 114; Sir T. Law-
rence, 169, 231; Mr. W. R.
Hamilton, 1 7 2, 2 1 4 ; Sir Edward
Ryan, 184, 193; Sir W. F.
Pollock, 193, 197 ; Mr. W.
Watkiss Lloyd, 206 ; Earl of
Strafford, 206; Mr. Sidney Col-
vin,2o6,237; Mr. Pember, joint,
206 • Lord Welby, joint, 106.

Secretary, the, 27 • special dress, 28.

Selden, John, 70.

Select Committee of the House
of Commons on the purchase
of the Elgin Marbles, 135-.

'Sella Curulis,' or President's
chair, 27.

Selsey, Lord. See Peachey.

Selwyn, George, 67, 108.

Sestini, the Abbate Domenico,
published a description of Sir
Robert Ainslie's collection of
Oriental coins, 145-.

Seymour, Mr. Henry Danby,
M.P., i%6.

Shee, Sir Martin Archer, P.R.A.,
171 j Painter to Society, 184,
23 1 ; his portrait of Mr. Morritt,
232.

Sherard, Sir Brownlow, 8, 17-
portrait of, by Knapton, 218.

Shergold, Richard, lottery-office
keeper, 34.

Shirley, Hon. Sewallis, 8, 36", 46",
83 ; younger son of Earl Ferrers,
14 ; had relations with the cele-

brated Lady Vane, 14 ; and with
Margaret Rolle, Countess of
Orfbrd, 14 ; M.P. and comp-
troller of the household to
Queen Charlotte, 14; his death,
14, no; portrait of, by Knap-
ton, 218.

Siris, the Bronzes of, 177, 178;
subscription for their purchase,
175), 180.

Sloane, Sir Hans, 3, 114.

Smith, Rev. Arthur (afterwards
Archbishop of Dublin and
Primate of Ireland), 8- travelled
abroad with Earl of Middlesex,
1 6 ; Dean of Raphoe and of
Derry, and Bishop of Clonfert,
of Down, and of Meath, 16 •
death of, 16.

Smith, Sidney, quoted, 146".

Smithson, Sir Hugh (afterwards
Duke of Northumberland), 8,
1 y».- married heiress of duchy of
Northumberland, 1 5 ; father of
founder of Smithsonian Institu-
tion, 1 5".

Smithsonian Institution at Boston,
U.S.A., if.

Smollett's Peregrine Pickle^ Lady
Vane original of c Lady of
Quality ' in, 14.

Smyth, Mr. John, portrait of, by
Sir J. Reynolds, 223.

Society of Antiquaries, founded
before Dilettanti Society, 2 ;
fostered science and research, 3.

Solander,Dr., accompanied Banks
and Cook in first voyage of En-
deavour^ 113.

Somers, the late Earl, 19 5*, 202.

Somerset, Duke of, 161, 164, 227.

Somerset House, attempt to secure
a room in, 45).

Sotheby, William, his panegyricon
Sir Henry Englefield, 168, 169.

Index

III

Specimens of Antient Sculpture, i 26,
i 27 ; mode of publication, 1 27 ;
proposed second volume, 129,
164, 165 ; difficulties and de-
lays in publication, 16?, 166.

Spedding, James, 196.

Spence, Rev. Joseph, 8 ; author
of Polymetis, 10 • tutor to Earl
of Middlesex, 10, 17 j governor
to Earl of Lincoln, 17; Pro-
fessor of Poetry and Regius
Professor of Modern History
at Oxford, 17 ; friend of Pope,
17- his death, 17; his Polymetis
stimulated Lessing in com-
posing the Laocoon, 119.

Spencer, Earl, 108.

Spencer, Percival, Prime Minister,
134-

Spencer, Hon. William Robert,
157; his poems, 174. • minute
respecting him, 174.

Spencer-Stanhope, Mr. W., por-
trait of, by Sir J. Reynolds,
223.

Spon and Wheler, their expedi-
tion to Greece and the Levant,

£ Squire Gawky, nickname of
Hon. Richard Grenville, 13.

Stackelberg, Baron, 186, 209.

Star and Garter, Pall Mall, meet-
ing-place of Society, 23, 49;
abortive attempt to purchase,
61.

Steavens, Mr., 77.

Stirling, Mr. William (afterwards
Sir William Stirling-Maxwell),
1 86.

Strafford, Earl of, appointment as
Secretary and Treasurer, 206".

Strange, Sir Robert, 56, 5-7.

Strode, General William, 8, 36 ;
friend and ally of Duke of
Cumberland, 14 ; donor of the

duke's statue in Cavendish
Square, 14.

Stuart, Mr. James, 33, 47, 53, 61,
j60 83, 97, 99, 116 ; appointed
Painter to the Society, 101, 220 ;
death of, 101, no; did not
comply with Society's demands,
220, 221 ; superseded by Sir
Joshua Reynolds, 221 • minute
respecting his portrait, 221.

Stuart and Revett, their early
history, 75, 76; elected members
of the Society, 77, 79 : expedi-
tion to Athens, 77; join with
Dawkins and Wood, 78 ; visit
Smyrna, 78 ; Stuart nearly
murdered, 78 ; return to Eng-
land, 79 , publish first volume
of Antiquities of Athens, 80 • its
success, 80; a continuation
contemplated by Stuart, 97 •
difficulties between, 98-100 ;
posthumous publication of vols,
ii-iv of the Antiquities, 101-
103 ; supplementary volume,
103 n. See also under each name.

Sunday, meetings held on the first
in every month from December
to May, 23 ; postponed in
December, 1757, to the second
Sunday in January, 24 ; altered
to twice a month in May, 178 1,
24 ; again altered, 24 j season
of holding meetings changed to
February to July, the present
arrangement, 24.

Sutherland, Duke of, 171.

Symmons, Mr., 167.

Tanner, Ridley, bill for supplying

Arch-Master's robe, &c, 29.
Tavistock, Marquess of, 83.
Taylor, Sir John, Bart., presented

334-

Index

an ivory bas relievo of Perseus
and Andromeda to the Society,
33; mentioned, 98 ; portrait
of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 223.
Tea and coffee debarred at dinners,

Temple, Earl. See Grenville.

Tennyson, Lord, iy6.

Teos, temple of, committee on
its exploration, i<?8 ; Mr.
Pullan's proposition, 198 ; ac-
cepted by Society, 199 ; results
of exploration, 199 ; fragments
of a frieze and an inscribed stele
presented to British Museum,
i99.

Thatched House, St. James's
Street, removal to, 142, 143.

Thompson, Sir E. Maunde, 207.

Thompson, Sir Ralph, 207.

Thompson, Mr. Richard, portrait
of, by Sir J. Reynolds, 223.

Thompson, W. H., late Master of
Trinity College, Cambridge,
196.

Thorwaldsen, 178.

Thurlow, Lord, 123.

Toast, ancient, of the Society,
215.

Toasts, 37, 38, 215-.

Toga, the President's, z6 ; sus-
picious disappearance of, 26",
27.

Tomline, Mr. George, M.P., i8tf.

Tournefort, Pitton de, botanist,

74-
Townley, Mr. Charles, iop, no,

112, 122,126", 130, 225", 235; an
intimate friend of Sir William
Hamilton, 117; collected anti-
quities, 117- removed to London
andformed a gallery, 117; made
a trustee of British Museum, to
which he bequeathed his collec-
tion of marbles, 118.

Travellers' Club, the, Mr. Morritt
one of the founders of, 146".

Treasurers (or High Stewards) of
Society : Mr. H. Harris, 1 5,
27 -, Mr. Philip Metcalfe, 1 14.

Trench, Mr., 77.

Trevor, Hon. Mr., 164..

Troad, the, visited by Chandler,
Revett, and Pars, 87 ; Mr.
Pullan employed in, 200.

Twistleton, Hon. Edward, 198.

Underdown, Mr., QXD., 207.
Unedited Antiquities of Attica, The,

publication of, 16" 3, 164.
Upper Ossory, Countess of^

Horace Walpole's friend, iy.
Upper Ossory, Duke of, 108.

Vane, Lady, 14.

Vanneschi and Italian opera, 50,

**«

Venables, Mr. George, Q\C., 196 ;
friend of Thackeray and reputed
original of ' Stunning War-
rington ' of Pendennis, iyj ; his
remarkable literary powers, 197.

Very High Steward, Mr. H. Har-
ris denominated, 28 ; lapse of
this office, 28 ; revived, and
accepted by Mr. Banks, 28 ;
a special dress suggested, 29 ;
Mr. Greville, 114.

Villiers, George, Duke of Bucking-
ham, 70.

Villiers, Thomas (afterwards Baron
Hyde and Earl of Clarendon),
8, 46, 83, 170; his long and
remarkable career in diplomacy,
16 ; death of, 16 ; portrait of,
by Knapton, 217.

Index

335"

Virtuosi, Society of, 7.
Visconti,Ennio Quirino, 135, 209.

Waddington, M., French ambas-
sador, 104,, 107.

Walpole, Horace, on Charles
Sackville, Earl of Middlesex,
1 1 ; on the brothers Gray, 1 1 ;
mentioned, 14, 1?, 67, 123;
on John Russell, Duke of Bed-
ford, 19 ; on Lord Deskfoord,
21 ; on the Dilettanti, 36, fi ;
on Italian opera, ^o, 51 • on
Duke of Richmond's school of
statuary, 58.

Walpole, Sir Robert, 2, 14;
initiated the Westminster
Bridge Lottery, 42, 4.3.

Walpole, Mr. Spencer, 207.

Wark worth, Lord, 83.

Warwick, the late Earl, 195.

Watson, Mr. Knight, 203.

Watson, Lewis, second Earl of
Rockingham, 20.

Watson, Thomas, third Earl of
Rockingham, 20.

Watson-Wentworth, Charles, Earl
of Malton (afterwards Marquess
of Rockingham), 76, 79, 80,
81, 108.

Watson-Taylor, Mr. George, 170.

Welby, Sir Reginald (now Lord
Welby), 198 ; joint Secretary
and Treasurer to Society, 106.

Welcker, 210.

Wells, Mr., of Redleaf, 186.

Wemyss, Earl of. See Charteris.

West, Mr. Benjamin, P.R.A.,
1 op, 136", 227 ; consulted on
state of the Reynolds groups,
225, 226 ; presentation of his
portrait, and letter therewith,
230,231.

Westmacott, Sir Richard, 136,
170, 171.

Westminster Bridge Lottery, the
earliest recorded transaction of
Society, 42 ; a scheme initiated
by Sir Robert Walpole, 4.2, 4.3 ;
Act of Parliament passed in
1736", 42; minutes of Society
respecting first lottery, 43 •
prizes won, 44 ; resolutions in
connexion with second lottery,
44; resultedinlosstoSociety,4? .

Westmorland, Earl of. See
Burghersh.

Whitefoord, Caleb, 123.

Whitmore, Mr. Thomas, 8.

Wilbraham, Mr., Deputy Arch-
Master, 123, 157.

Wildman, William, second Vis-
count Barrington, 20; Secretary
of War and Chancellor of Ex-
chequer, 20 ; portrait of, by
Knapton, 21 p.

Wilkes, 15, 18, 123.

Wilkins, Mr. William, R.A., the
architect, 128, 136, 143, 144,
147, 158, 160, 163, 171, 227;
sixth wrangler at Cambridge,
147 ; studied architecture in
Italy and Greece, 147 • writer
on classical architecture, 147 j
edited The Unedited Antiquities
of Attica, 163 ; death of, 168,
180 j presentation to, 169.

Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury,
8, 226 ; famous wit and satirist,
16; lived abroad as envoy, 16 ;
retained his interest in Society,
1 6"; his poems offered to
Society by Mr. Johnnes, 67 ;
verses on Crowle's duel with
Lord Hervey, 113.

Williams, Gilly, 67.

Williams- Wynn, Sir Watkin,
portrait of, by Sir J. Reynolds,

Index

223 ; leave granted to Mr. T.
Grenville to copy it, 223.

Willis's Rooms, formerly c Al-
mack's/ removal of Society to,
193 • closing of, 206".

Winchilsea, third Earl of, collec-
tion of, 71.

Winckelmann, iz^, 209.

Windham, Mr.J.,c>8, 100, 102, 103,
104.3 io6T, 1 op, 122, 12.6, 14.2.

Wolcot, Dr., 124.

Wood, Mr. J. T., excavations by,
at the temple of Diana at
Ephesus, 205:.

Wood, Robert, first director of
Society's archaeological ven-
tures, 60, 61, 78, 79, 80, 81,
81,83, 8fi 88, 85); death of, no.

Worsley, Sir Richard, 35, 109,

112; British

Resident at
Venice, ikS"; his tour through
Greece, &c, 1 16 ; his collection
of antiquities, 116.

Wrey, Sir Bourchier, portrait of,
by Knapton, a 18.

Wyndham, Charles (afterwards
second Earl of Egremont), 20,
127.

Y. .

Yarborough, Earl of, owner of
Worsley collection of antiqui-
ties, 116 and note^ 127.

Zetland, Earl of. See Dundas.

Zoega, 209.

Zoffany, the painter, 1 1 5, 118.

OXFORD I HORACE HART
PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITV

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